Proyecto Fin de Carrera GMJ.pdf - Servidor de la Biblioteca de ...

εc = −5 %
εt = 13 %

εc = −5 %
εt = 13 %

εc = −5 %
εt = 13 %

εc = −5 %
εt = 13 %

1Mpa
7,5Mw

7,8Mw
8Mw
6,1Mw
8,4Mw
7,9Mw

7,8Mw
8Mw
6,1Mw
8,4Mw
7,9Mw

7,8Mw
8Mw
6,1Mw
8,4Mw
7,9Mw

7,8Mw
8Mw
6,1Mw
8,4Mw
7,9Mw

7,8Mw
8Mw
6,1Mw
8,4Mw
7,9Mw

7,8Mw
8Mw
6,1Mw
8,4Mw
7,9Mw

7,8Mw
8Mw
6,1Mw
8,4Mw
7,9Mw

7,8Mw
8Mw
6,1Mw
8,4Mw
7,9Mw

7,8Mw
8Mw
6,1Mw
8,4Mw
7,9Mw

7,8Mw
8Mw
6,1Mw
8,4Mw
7,9Mw

7,8Mw
8Mw
6,1Mw
8,4Mw
7,9Mw

7,8Mw
8Mw
6,1Mw
8,4Mw
7,9Mw

7,8Mw
8Mw
6,1Mw
8,4Mw
7,9Mw

7,8Mw
8Mw
6,1Mw
8,4Mw
7,9Mw

7,8Mw
8Mw
6,1Mw
8,4Mw
7,9Mw

7,8Mw
8Mw
6,1Mw
8,4Mw
7,9Mw

7,8Mw
8Mw
6,1Mw
8,4Mw
7,9Mw

7,8Mw
8Mw
6,1Mw
8,4Mw
7,9Mw

7,8Mw
8Mw
6,1Mw
8,4Mw
7,9Mw

7,8Mw
8Mw
6,1Mw
8,4Mw
7,9Mw

120x210x100mm
80 %

2cm

550x120x210mm
Stress (MPa)
0
−0.2
−0.4
−0.6
−0.8
−1
Pile 1
Pile 2
Pile 3
Pile 4
−0.6 −0.5 −0.4 −0.3 −0.2 −0.1 0
Strain (%)
1,1MP a
0,4 %.

550x550x210mm

Shear Stress (MPa)
0.1
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
Wallet 1
Wallet 2
Wallet 3
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
x 10 −3
0
Shear Strain

200mm
300mm
212mm 203mm
193mm 150mm
2 %
10kN/m
13 %
25kN/m
15kN/m

Stress (kN/m)
30
25
20
15
10
5
Geogrid L1
Geogrid L2
Geogrid L3
Geogrid T1
Geogrid T2
Geogrid T3
0
0 2 4 6 8
Strain (%)
10 12 14

74mm 261mm
5muestras/s
0,02mm/s
0,1mm/s
25kN/m 18 %

Lineal Strain(kN/m)
25
20
15
10
5
Experimental
Average
0
0 2 4 6 8 10
Strain(%)
12 14 16 18
74mm 268mm
2muestras/s
0,15mm/s
19kN/m 11 %
0,2mm/s
2muestras/s 123mm
398mm
17kN/m
30 %
0,2mm/s
2muestras/s
122mm 341mm
14kN/m 17 %

Lineal Strain(kN/m)
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0 2 4 6
Strain(%)
8 10
Experimental
Average

Lineal Strain(kN/m)
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
Experimental
Average
0
0 5 10 15
Strain(%)
20 25 30

Lineal Strain(kN/m)
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
Experimental
Average
0
0 5 10 15
Strain(%)
20 25 30

Lineal Strain(kN/m)
15
10
5
Experimental
Average
0
0 2 4 6 8
Strain(%)
10 12 14 16

Lineal Stress (kN/m)
25
20
15
10
5
Average L1
Average L2
Average T1
Average T2
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Strain (%)
Lineal Stress (kN/m)
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Strain (%)
Geo. L1 (PUCP)
Geo. L2 (PUCP)
Geo. L3 (PUCP)
Geo. T1 (PUCP)
Geo. T2 (PUCP)
Geo. T3 (PUCP)
Geo. L1 (ETSI)
Geo. L2 (ETSI)
Geo. T1 (ETSI)
Geo. T2 (ETSI)
σ − ϵ

Lineal Stress (kN/m)
25
20
15
10
5
Average L1
Average L2
Average T1
Average T2
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Strain (%)
Lineal Stress (kN/m)
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Strain (%)
Geo. L1 (PUCP)
Geo. L2 (PUCP)
Geo. L3 (PUCP)
Geo. T1 (PUCP)
Geo. T2 (PUCP)
Geo. T3 (PUCP)
Geo. L1 (ETSI)
Geo. L2 (ETSI)
Geo. T1 (ETSI)
Geo. T2 (ETSI)
σ − ϵ

Lineal Stress (kN/m)
25
20
15
10
5
Average L1
Average L2
Average T1
Average T2
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Strain (%)
Lineal Stress (kN/m)
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Strain (%)
Geo. L1 (PUCP)
Geo. L2 (PUCP)
Geo. L3 (PUCP)
Geo. T1 (PUCP)
Geo. T2 (PUCP)
Geo. T3 (PUCP)
Geo. L1 (ETSI)
Geo. L2 (ETSI)
Geo. T1 (ETSI)
Geo. T2 (ETSI)
σ − ϵ

Lineal Stress (kN/m)
25
20
15
10
5
Average L1
Average L2
Average T1
Average T2
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Strain (%)
Lineal Stress (kN/m)
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Strain (%)
Geo. L1 (PUCP)
Geo. L2 (PUCP)
Geo. L3 (PUCP)
Geo. T1 (PUCP)
Geo. T2 (PUCP)
Geo. T3 (PUCP)
Geo. L1 (ETSI)
Geo. L2 (ETSI)
Geo. T1 (ETSI)
Geo. T2 (ETSI)
σ − ϵ

1,60m 0,80m
0,22m 0,20m 0,02m

0,0043m −1
E · I = 442kNm 2 1,4kNm
0,12m −1
0,8kNm
D4 D5

Moment (kNm)
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14
Curvature (1/m)
Wall 1a without geogrid
Wall 1b without geogrid
Moment (kNm)
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
Wall 1a without geogrid (+)
Wall 1b without geogrid (+)
Wall 1a without geogrid (−)
Wall 1b without geogrid (−)
0
−0.02 −0.015 −0.01 −0.005 0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03
Strain

Moment (kNm)
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Displacement (mm)
Displacement D1
Displacement D2
Displacement D3
Displacement D4
Displacement D5
2 3

2,3kNm 0, 035m −1
0, 3m −1 0, 38m −1 4, 5kNm
6, 6 %
4, 5 %
Moment (kNm)
5
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4
Curvature (1/m)
Wall 2a with geogrid
Wall 2b with geogrid

Moment (kNm)
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
Wall 2a with geogrid (+)
Wall 2b with geogrid (+)
Wall 2a with geogrid (−)
Wall 2b with geogrid (−)
0
−0.06 −0.04 −0.02 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08
Strain
15mm 45mm
Moment (kNm)
5
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Displacement (mm)
Displacement D1
Displacement D2
Displacement D3
Displacement D4
Displacement D5
1, 8kNm
0, 01m −1 4, 5kNm
0, 28m −1 0, 35m −1

Moment (kNm)
5
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4
Curvature (1/m)
Wall 3a with geogrid
Wall 3b with geogrid
Moment (kNm)
5
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
Wall 3a with geogrid (+)
0.5
Wall 3b with geogrid (+)
Wall 3a with geogrid (−)
Wall 3b with geogrid (−)
0
−0.06 −0.04 −0.02 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08
Strain
6 %
4, 2 %
4,2kNm

Moment (kNm)
5
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Displacement (mm)
Displacement D1
Displacement D2
Displacement D3
Displacement D4
Displacement D5
Moment (kNm)
5
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
Wall 1a without geogrid
Wall 1b without geogrid
Wall 2a with geogrid
Wall 2b with geogrid
Wall 3a with geogrid
Wall 3b with geogrid
0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4
Curvature (1/m)

Moment (kNm)
5
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
Wall 1a without geogrid
Wall 1b without geogrid
Wall 2a with geogrid
0.5
Wall 2b with geogrid
Wall 3a with geogrid
Wall 3b with geogrid
0
−0.06 −0.04 −0.02 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08
Strain

Moment (kNm)
5
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
Wall 1a without geogrid
Wall 1b without geogrid
Wall 2a with geogrid
0.5
Wall 2b with geogrid
Wall 3a with geogrid
Wall 3b with geogrid
0
−0.06 −0.04 −0.02 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08
Strain

Moment (kNm)
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07
Curvature (1/m)
Wall 1a
Average Wall 1a
Wall 1b
Average Wall 1b
Moment (kNm)
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
Wall 2a
Average Wall 2a
Wall 2b
Average Wall 2b
0
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1
Curvature (1/m)

Moment (kNm)
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
Wall 3a
Average Wall 3a
Wall 3b
Average Wall 3b
0
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12
Curvature (1/m)
Moment (kNm)
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
Average Wall 1a
Average Wall 1b
Average Wall 2a
Average Wall 2b
Average Wall 3a
Average Wall 3b
0
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12
Curvature (1/m)

Moment (kNm)
5
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4
Curvature (1/m)
Average Wall 1a horiz.
Average Wall 1b horiz.
Average Wall 2a horiz.
Average Wall 2b horiz.
Average Wall 3a horiz.
Average Wall 3b horiz.
Wall 1a wo geo. vert.
Wall 1b wo geo. vert.
Wall 2a w geo. vert.
Wall 2b w geo. vert.
Moment (kNm)
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
Displacement (mm)
Displacement D1
Displacement D2
Displacement D3

Moment (kNm)
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
Displacement (mm)
Displacement D1
Displacement D2
Displacement D3
Moment (kNm)
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
Displacement (mm)
Displacement D1
Displacement D2
Displacement D3

95x210x120mm
2mm/min
2cm 1cm
2cm

0,7247kN
0, 5716kN
0,9317kN

Stress (kN/m)
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
Specimen 1
Specimen 2
Specimen 3
0
0 0.5 1 1.5
Strain (%)
2 2.5 3

Stress (kN/m)
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
Specimen 1
Specimen 2
Specimen 3
0
0 0.5 1 1.5
Strain (%)
2 2.5 3

l = 1,6m h = 0,22m b = 0,8m

h = 0,22m
y
y = 0 ϵgc
y = h ϵgt
y = x
χ
y
x χ
εa(y, x, χ) = χ(y − x)
εgc(x, χ) = χ(x)
εgt(x, χ) = χ(h − x)
σa(εa
b = 0,8m
sgt sgc
∫ h
0
σa(εa(y, x, χ)) · b · dy + sgc(εgc(x, χ)) · b + sgt(εgt(x, χ)) · b = W

∫ h
0
σa(εa(y, x, χ)) · b · (y − h) · dy − sgc(εgc(x, χ)) · b · h + W · h/2 = M
W = 0 W
W
W = −4kN
y = h
M
y, x, χ
χ
x
M x

Stress (MPa)
0
−0.2
−0.4
−0.6
−0.8
−1
−1.2
Lin. Appr.
Exp.
−6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0
x 10 −3
−1.4
Strain
Stress (kN/m)
30
25
20
15
10
5
Lin. Appr.
Exp.
0
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14
Strain

[0, −0,0005) [0, 0,02)
[−0,0005, −0,0015) [0,02, 0,042)
[−0,0015, −0,0025 [0,042, 0,07)
[−0,0025, −0,004) [0,07, 0,106)
[−0,004, −0,005) [0,106, 0,1328)
[−0,005, −0,0056)
[−0,0056, −0,0058)
[−0,0058, −0,047)
A, B, C, D, E, F G
Stress (MPa)
0.2
0.18
0.16
0.14
0.12
0.1
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0
Mod. A
Mod. B
Mod. C
Mod. D
Mod. E
Mod. F
Mod. G
0 0.01 0.02 0.03
Strain
0.04 0.05
A B

752,5MP a
0,196MP a
369MP a 0,075MP a
C D E 1,5 %
F G 5 %
752,5MP a 0,196MP a
1,4kN · m
Moment (kNm)
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
Exp.
Mod. A
Mod. B
0
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14
Curvature (1/m)

Moment (kNm)
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
Exp.
Mod. A
Mod. B
0
−0.015 −0.01 −0.005 0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03
Strain
A B
1,5 %
B 369MP a
0,075MP a
Stress (MPa)
0.1
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
Mod. C
Mod. D
Mod. E
0
0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.01 0.012 0.014 0.016 0.018 0.02
Strain

Moment (kNm)
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
Exp.
Mod. C
Mod. D
Mod. E
0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25
Curvature (1/m)
Moment (kNm)
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
Exp.
Mod. C
Mod. D
Mod. E
0
−0.02 −0.01 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Strain
5 %

369MP a 0,075MP a
Stress (MPa)
0.1
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
Mod. F
Mod. G
0
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025
Strain
0.03 0.035 0.04 0.045 0.05
Moment (kNm)
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
Exp.
Mod. F
Mod. G
0
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18
Curvature (1/m)

Moment (kNm)
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
Exp.
Mod. F
Mod. G
0
−0.02 −0.01 0 0.01
Strain
0.02 0.03 0.04
Moment (kNm)
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
Exp.
Mod. A
Mod. B
Mod. C
Mod. D
Mod. E
Mod. F
Mod. G
0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25
Curvature (1/m)

Moment (kNm)
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
Exp.
Mod. A
Mod. B
Mod. C
Mod. D
Mod. E
Mod. F
Mod. G
0
−0.02 −0.01 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Strain
A
A
C D E F G D

Moment (kNm)
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
Exp.
Mod. A
Mod. B
1
Mod. C
Mod. D
0.5
Mod. E
Mod. F
Mod. G
0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35
Curvature (1/m)
A
A
F G
fctm = 0,65 · 3
√
fctk 2

Moment (kNm)
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
Exp.
Mod. A
Mod. B
Mod. C
Mod. D
Mod. E
Mod. F
Mod. G
0
−0.06 −0.04 −0.02 0 0.02
Strain
0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1

E = 752MP a
E = 369MP a
Stress (MPa)
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
−0.1
−0.2
−0.3
−0.4
−0.5
Mod. 1
−0.6
Mod. 2
Mod. 3
−0.7
Mod. 4
Mod. 5
−0.8
−0.05 0
Strain
0.05

Stress (MPa)
0.2
0
−0.2
−0.4
−0.6
−0.8
−1
Mod. 6
Mod. 7
Mod. 8
Mod. 9
Mod. 10
−0.05 0
Strain
0.05
0,752MP a 5 %
0,04 % 5 %
0,301MP a
0,21MP a 0,08 %

Moment (kNm)
6
5
4
3
2
1
Exp.
Mod. 1
Mod. 2
Mod. 3
Mod. 4
Mod. 5
0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4
Curvature (1/m)
Moment (kNm)
6
5
4
3
2
1
Exp.
Mod. 1
Mod. 2
Mod. 3
Mod. 4
Mod. 5
0
−0.06 −0.04 −0.02 0 0.02
Strain
0.04 0.06 0.08

σc,max = 1MP a σt,max = 0,34MP a
Moment (kNm)
7
6
5
4
3
2
Exp.
Mod. 6
Mod. 7
1
Mod. 8
Mod. 9
Mod. 10
0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4
Curvature (1/m)
Moment (kNm)
7
6
5
4
3
2
Exp.
Mod. 6
Mod. 7
1
Mod. 8
Mod. 9
Mod. 10
0
−0.06 −0.04 −0.02 0 0.02
Strain
0.04 0.06 0.08

σc,max =
[−0,59MP a, −0,295MP a] σt,max ≈ 0,147MP a
0,75 − 1MP a
Moment (kNm)
7
6
5
4
3
Exp.
Mod. 1
Mod. 2
Mod. 3
Mod. 4
2
Mod. 5
Mod. 6
Mod. 7
1
Mod. 8
Mod. 9
Mod. 10
0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4
Curvature (1/m)

Moment (kNm)
7
6
5
4
3
Exp.
Mod. 1
Mod. 2
Mod. 3
Mod. 4
2
Mod. 5
Mod. 6
Mod. 7
1
Mod. 8
Mod. 9
Mod. 10
0
−0.06 −0.04 −0.02 0 0.02
Strain
0.04 0.06 0.08
Moment (kNm)
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Exp.
Mod. 1
Mod. 2
Mod. 3
Mod. 4
Mod. 5
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14
Curvature (1/m)

Moment (kNm)
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Exp.
Mod. 6
Mod. 7
Mod. 8
Mod. 9
Mod. 10
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14
Curvature (1/m)
Moment (kNm)
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
Exp.
Mod. 1
Mod. 2
Mod. 3
Mod. 4
Mod. 5
0
−0.02 −0.01 0 0.01
Strain
0.02 0.03 0.04

Moment (kNm)
6
5
4
3
2
1
Exp.
Mod. 6
Mod. 7
Mod. 8
Mod. 9
Mod. 10
0
−0.015 −0.01 −0.005 0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03
Strain

M −χ
sgc
∫ h
0
∫ h
0
σa(εa(y, x, χ)) · b · dy + sgt(εgt(x, χ)) · b = W
σa(εa(y, x, χ)) · b · (y − h) · dy + W · h/2 = M
Moment (kNm)
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
Exp.
Mod. 7
1
Mod. 7 without geogrid
Mod. 8
0.5
Mod. 8 without geogrid
Mod. 9
Mod. 9 without geogrid
0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4
Curvature (1/m)

Moment (kNm)
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
Exp.
Mod. 7
1
Mod. 7 without weight
Mod. 8
0.5
Mod. 8 without weight
Mod. 9
Mod. 9 without weight
0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4
Curvature (1/m)
W
W = 0
∫ h
0
σa(εa(y, x, χ)) · b · dy + sgc(εgc(x, χ)) · b + sgt(εgt(x, χ)) · b = 0
∫ h
0
σa(εa(y, x, χ)) · b · (y − h) · dy − sgc(εgc(x, χ)) · b · h = M
h = 0,22m
10cm h = 0,22m h = 0,32m h = 0,42m h = 0,52m

[0, 0,02)
[0,02, 0,042)
[0,042, 0,07)
[0,07, 0,106)
[0,106, 0,1328)
Moment (kNm)
15
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
Mod. 8 h=0.22m
Mod. 8 h=0.32m
Mod. 8 h=0.42m
Mod. 8 h=0.52m
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
Curvature (1/m)
Moment (kNm)
15
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
Mod. 8 h=0.22m
Mod. 8 h=0.32m
Mod. 8 h=0.42m
Mod. 8 h=0.52m
0
−0.075 −0.05 −0.025 0 0.025
Strain
0.05 0.075 0.1 0.125

Moment (kNm)
15
14
12
10
8
6
4
X: −0.045
Y: 6.36
X: −0.054
Y: 3.89
X: −0.033
Y: 12.53
X: −0.041
Y: 9.176
X: −0.02
Y: 14.82
X: −0.023
Y: 10.3
X: −0.023
Y: 6.607
X: −0.026
Y: 3.767
X: 0.032
Y: 14.82
X: 0.036
Y: 10.3
Strain
X: 0.039
Y: 6.642
X: 0.04
Y: 3.767
X: 0.071
Y: 12.53
X: 0.085
Y: 9.176
X: 0.083
Y: 6.36
X: 0.078
Y: 3.89
2
Mod. 8 h=0.22m
Mod. 8 h=0.32m
Mod. 8 h=0.42m
Mod. 8 h=0.52m
0
−0.075 −0.05 −0.025 0 0.025 0.05 0.075 0.1 0.125
2 − 2,5 %
4 %
5 %
(7 − 8,5 %) (3 − 5,5 %)
5 %

0,30 · fca
h
x
egc
C
y
egt
Sgc
0.3fca
25kN/m 13 %
Eg = 190kN/m
Sgt
W
0,3 · fca · x · b + Eg · εgc · b + Eg · εgt · b = W
0,3 · fca · x · b · (h − 0,5x) − Eg · εgc · b · h + W · h/2 = M
εgc = εgt
· x
x − h
εgt = 13 %
εgc = 5 %
x x
x
M

εc = −5 %
εt
εc = −5 %
εt = 13 %
εc
εt = 13 %
h = 0,22m
εc = −5 %
εt = 12,4 %
M = 4,095kNm Mexp = 4,4kNm
εt = 13 %
εc
εt
0,41kNm
0,8kNm

h = 0,22m

h = 0,22m

h = 0,22m

h = 0,22m

h = 0,22m