Intel XENIX 286 Programmers Guide (86) - Tenox.tc

yacc: Compiler-Compiler XENIX Programming
Another form of error rule arises in interactive applications, where it may be desirable
to permit a line to be re-entered after an error. A possible error rule might be
input : error '\n' { pri ntf{ II Reenter line: 11); } input
{ $$ = $4;}
There is one potential difficulty with this approach; the parser must correctly process
three input tokens before it admits that it has correctly resynchronized after the error.
If the re-entered line contains an error in the first two tokens, the parser deletes the
offending tokens and gives no message; this is clearly unacceptable. For this reason,
there is a mechanism that can be used to force the parser to believe that an error has
been fully recovered from. The statement
yyerrok ;
in an action resets the parser to its normal mode. The last example is better written
input : error '\n'
{ yyerrok;
printf( IIReenter last line: II ); }
input
{ $$ = $4; }
As mentioned above, the token seen immediately after the error symbol is the input
token at which the error was discovered. Sometimes, this is inappropriate; for example,
an error recovery action might take upon itself the job of finding the correct place to
resume input. In this case, the previous look-ahead token must be cleared. The
statement
yyclearin ;
in an action will have this effect. For example, suppose the action after error were to
call some sophisticated resynchronization routine, supplied by the user, that attempted
to advance the input to the beginning of the next valid statement. After this routine
was called, the next token returned by yylex would presumably be the first token in a
legal statement; the old, illegal token must be discarded, and the error state reset. This
could be done by a rule like
stat : error
{ resynch{ ) ;
yyerrok ;
yyclearin ; }
These mechanisms are ad mittedly crude. They do allow for a simple, effective recovery
of the parser from many errors. Moreover, the user can gain control to deal with the
error actions required by other portions of the program.
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