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MEDICINAL PLANTS 80 Fro. 137. Xanthium st'rumarium. A, branch, fl, a group of 2 female flowers. C, longitudinal section showing' the ovaries and fused bracts of the utricle. D, group of bisexual flowers. IS. longitudinal section showing the receptacle and bracteoles. F, bisexual flower with corolla opened out showing the stamen tube. G, bisexual flower with corolla removed and stamen tube showing the style. H, fruit. I, stra» erse section of fruit.
19. Xanthium srrumarhim Linn. Sp. PJ. 987, 1753. (Fig. 137). COMPOSITAE Xanthium indicum DC. —Xanthium roxburghii Wallroth.—Xanthium discolor Wallroth.— Xanthium hrevirostre Wallroth.—Xanthium orientate Blume Engl. Bur-weed, Cocklebur; Sinh. Urukossa; Tarn. Marlumuita; Hindi Banokra, Chhotagokhru, Shankhahuli; Sans. Arishta, Bhulagna, Chanda, Itara, Kambumalini, Kambupushpa, Kiriti, Malavinashini, Mangalyakusuma, Medhya, Pitapushpi, Raktapushpi, Sarpakshi, Shankhagalini' Shankhakusuma, Shankhapupuspi, Shankhavha, Shwetakusuma, Sukshmapatra, Supushpi, Vanamalini. An annual herb with a short, stout, slightly branched, flexuose stem, harsh with bristly hairs; leaves simple, alternate, numerous, 5—7.5 cm long and almost as broad, on petioles about as long or longer, broadly triangular-ovate, often 3-lobed, somewhat cordate at base, acute, irregularly incised-serrate, harsh with short adpressed hair on both sides; flowers in two types of heads, the upper ones globose with numerous, bisexual but sterile, tubular flowers each enclosed by a bracteole. on an ovoid receptacle and with a few, small, hairy involucre bracts; the lower ones broadly ovoid, with only two female, apetalous but fertile flowers in an involucre of fused bracts forming an ovoid, closed, spiny, 2-horned, 2-locular utricle with one flower in each loculus: sepals absent; petals 5, fused with a tubular corolla in bisexual flowers but absent in the lower female flowers; stamens 5, distinct, filaments fused into a tube in bisexual flowers only; ovary inferior, unilocular with a basal ovule, style of bisexual flower not divided, in female flowers deeply divided, long, exserted from the involucre; achenes completely enclosed in chambers of the enlarged involucre (like seeds in a capsule), 1.2 cm long, oblongovoid, compressed, glabrous, pappus absent; involucre of fertile fruits capped with 2, erect, mucronate beaks, thickly set with sharp rather long prickles usually hooked at the ends, 2-chambered, hard and tough. Illustrations. Wight, Ic. PI. Ind. Orient, pi. 1104. 1846; Kirtikar and Basu, Indian Med. Plants, pi. 528/). 1933; Herb. Peradeniya, drawing. Distribution. Occurs throughout the warmer parts of Europe, Australia, America, Burma, China, India and Ceylon. It is rather rare in Ceylon, mostly confined to waste ground at the edge of tanks, etc. specially in the dry regions; Kandy, Passara, Kantalai, Mihintale, Batticaloa, etc. India. Ganget. Plain: T. Thomson. Maisor and Carnatic, G. Thomson. Ceylon. Thwaites CP. 1771. Eastern Prov.. Kantalai, Herb. Peradeniya Aug. 1885. Upper Burma. Khali/, 1896. China. Hainan, Wu 1103, May 1928. Composition. The seeds contain a glucoside xanthostrumarium and a fixed oil which consists of oleic, linoleic and isolinoleic acids. They also contain-a fat splitting enzyme. Uses. The root is useful for cancer and against strumous diseases. The whole plant is supposed to possess diaphoretic and sedative properties. It is administered for longstanding cases of malarial fever, in the form of a decoction. In Indo-china, an extract of the root is applied on ulcers, boils and abscesses. In southern Europe, the leaf, fruit and root are used as remedies for catarrh,scrofula, leprosy, tubercular and other skin diseases, cancer, dysenteries and bladder ailments. In certain parts of Assam, the young flower tops are eaten as a potherb. 81
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Published by The National Science F
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Introduction CONTENTS 23. CACTACEAE
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Page 17. Momordica dioica Roxb. ...
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REPRINT OF MEDICINAL PLANTS (INDIGE
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79 For Wedelta chinenesis (Osbeck)
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199 For Croton tiglium Linn, read:
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I I PART II
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23. CACTACEAE 1. Opantia dillenii (
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24. CAMPANULACEAE 1. Lobelia nicoti
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25. CANNABINACEAE I. Cannabis sativ
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26, CAPPARIDACEAE 1. Capparis horri
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2. Capparis moooil Wight, III. 1: 3
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3. Capparis zeylanica Linn. Sp. PI.
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4. Crataevo religiose Forst. (.. Pr
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5. Gynandropsis gynandra (Linn.) Me
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CAPPARIDACEAE 6. Polanisia icosandr
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CARICACEAE The Caribbeans used the
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28. CELASTRACEAE 1. Celastrus panic
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2. Elaeodendroa glancom (Rottb.) Pe
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3. Kokoona ceylanlca Thwaites in Ho
Page 44 and 45: 29. COMBRETACEAE 1. Anogelssus lati
Page 46 and 47: 2. Termroalia arjuna Wight and Arn.
Page 48 and 49: 3. Terminalia bellirka (Gaertn.) Ro
Page 50 and 51: 4. Terminalia catappa Linn. Mant. 5
Page 52 and 53: 3. Terminalia chebula Rciz., Obs. 5
Page 54 and 55: 6. Terminalia tomentosa Wight and A
Page 56 and 57: 30. COMMELINACEAE I. Commelina diff
Page 58 and 59: 2. Cyanotis axillaris (Linn.) J. A.
Page 60 and 61: 31. COMPOSITAE I. Ageratum cooyzoid
Page 62 and 63: 2. Anacyclus pyrethrum DC. Fl. Fran
Page 64 and 65: 3. Anaphalis subdecurrens (DC.) Gam
Page 66 and 67: 4. Artemisia vulgaris Linn. Sp. PI.
Page 68 and 69: 5. Bluraea mollis (D. Don) Merr. in
Page 70 and 71: COMPOSITAE 6. Centipeda minima (L.)
Page 72 and 73: 7 Eclipta prostata (Linn.) Linn. Ma
Page 74 and 75: 8. Elephantopus scaber Linn., Sp. P
Page 76 and 77: 9. Emilia sonchifolia (Linn.) DC. i
Page 78 and 79: 10. Eupatorium triplinerve Vahl, Sy
Page 80 and 81: MEDICINAL PLANTS
Page 84 and 85: MEDICINAL PLANTS 70 FIG. 132. Spila
Page 90 and 91: MEDICINAL PLANTS 76 Fio. 135. ' Ver
Page 92 and 93: MEDICINAL PLANTS FIG 136. Wedelia c
Page 100 and 101: MEDICINAL PLANTS 86 H Fta. 140. Arg
Page 102 and 103: MEDICINAL PLANTS 88 Fro. 141. Argyr
Page 104 and 105: MEDICINAL PLANTS 90 Fio. 142. Cuscu
Page 107 and 108: 4. Cuscuta rtflexa Roxb. P!. Corom
Page 109 and 110: 5. ETOIVUIUS alsinoides Linn. Sp. P
Page 111 and 112: 6. Ipomoea angustlfolia Jacq., Ic.
Page 113 and 114: 7. Ipomoea aquatica Forsk. Fl. Aegy
Page 115 and 116: 8. Ipomoea asarifolia (Oesr.) Roem.
Page 117 and 118: CONVOLVULACEAE 9. Ipomoea mauritian
Page 119 and 120: CONVOLVULACEAE 10. Ipomoea maxima (
Page 121 and 122: 11. Ipomoea nil (Linn!) Roth. Cat a
Page 123 and 124: 12. Ipomoea obscura (Linn.) Ker-Gaw
Page 125 and 126: 13. Ipomoea pes-caprae (Linn.) Roth
Page 127 and 128: 14. Ipomoea pes-tlgridis Linn. Sp.
Page 129 and 130: CONVOLVULACEAE 15. Operculina turpe
Page 131 and 132: 34. CRASSULACEAE 1. Kalanchoe lacin
Page 133 and 134: 35. CRUCIFERAE 1. Brassica alba Hoo
Page 135 and 136: CRUCIFERAE 2. Brassica integrifolia
Page 137 and 138: CRUC1FERAE 3. Brassica nigra (Linn.
Page 139 and 140: 36. CUCURMTACEAE 1. Benincasa hispi
Page 141 and 142: 2. Bryouop*;*. laciniosa (Linn.) Na
Page 143 and 144: 3. Coccinea grandis Kurz in Journ.
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CUCURBITACEAE 4. Colocynthis citnil
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5. Colocynthis vulgaris Schrad., In
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CUCURBITACEAE 6. Corallocarpus epig
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CUCURBITACEAE 7. Cucumis callosus (
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CUCURBITACEAE 8. Cucumis melo var.
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9. Cucumis sativus Linn. Sp. PI. 10
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10. Cucurbita maxima Duchesne in La
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CUCURBITACEAE 11. Lagenaria sicerar
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12. LufTa acutangula Roxb. Hort Ben
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13. Luffa cylindrica (Linn.) M. Roe
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14. Melothria heterophylla Cogn. in
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CUCURBITACEAE IS. Melothria maderas
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CUCURBITACEAE 16. Momordica charant
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17. Momordica dioica Roxb. in Willd
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18. Trichosanthes anguina Linn., Sp
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19. Trichosanthes bracteata (Lam.)
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20. Trichosanthes cucumerina Linn.
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21. Zanonia indica Linn.. Sp. PI. e
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37. CYCADACEAE 1. Cycas circinalis
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38. CYPERACEAE I. Cyperus rotundus
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39. DILLENIACEAE 1. Dillenia indica
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2. Dillenia retusa Thunb. in Trans.
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40. DIPTEROCARPEAE 1. Dipterocarpus
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2. Dipterocarpus zeyJan'cns Thw., E
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3. Shore* robusta Gaertn. f. Fruct.
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41. EBENACEAE Diospyros malabarica
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2. Rhododendron zeylanicum Booth in
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43. ERYTHROXYLACEAE 1. Erythroxytum
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2. Erythroxylum moonii Hochr. in Bu
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44. EUPHORBIAGEAE 1. Acolypha indic
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2- Bridelia retusa (Linn.) Spreng.
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3. CleisUnthus coUinus (Roxb.) Bent
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4. Croton laccifeius Linn., Sp. PI.
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EUPHORBIACEAE - 5. Croton tiglium L
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6. Dimorphocalyx glabellus Thwaites
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7. Euphorbia antiquorum Linn. Sp. P
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8. Euphorbia hirta Linn. Sp. PI. 45
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9. Euphorbia indica Lamk. Diet. 2:
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10. Euphorbia neriifolia Linn. Sp.
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U Euphoribta Ihymifolia Linn. Sp. P
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12. Euphorbia tirucalli Linn. Sp. P
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13. Excoecaria agallocha nn Syst Na
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14. Jatropha curcas Linn. Sp. PI. 1
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15. Jatropha glandulifera Roxb.. Fl
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16. Jntropho podagrica Hook., Bot.
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EUPHORBIACEAE 17. Macaranga peltata
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EUPHORBIACEAE 18. Ma Hot us philipp
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19. Phyilanthus debilis Klein ex Wi
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EUPHORBIACEAE 20. Phyilanthus embli
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21. Pbytlanthus reticularus Poir.,
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22. Phyilanthus urinaria Linn. Sp.
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23. Putran]lva roxburghii Wall., Te
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24. Ricinus communis Linn. Sp. PI.
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MEDICINAL PLANTS
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MEDICINAL PLANTS FlO. 216. Securine
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MFDICINAL PLANTS 244 Fio. 217. Trag
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MEDICINAL PLANTS 246 FIG. 218. Quer
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INDEX T O PLANTS ACCORDING T O THER
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Operculina turpethum. US Phyilanthu
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Centipede bites Cucurbita maxima, 1
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Operculina turpethum, 115 Phyilanth
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Eye diseases Kokoona zeylanica, 27
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HemJphlegiu Colocynthis vulgaris, 1
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Metrorrhagia Artemisia vulgaris, 51
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Euphorbia nertifolia, 209 Ipomoea n
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Sprue Cucumis sativus, 141 Sprains
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Phyllanthus debilis, 227 Terminalia
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Sal-gaha, 179 Sanninayan, 73 Sara l
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Kumbam, US Kumbanjan, 115 Kunasagam
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Abies chilotnsls Hort., 83 chllrowe
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Convolvulus paimata Mocnch, 113 pan
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keynttVfa.ll., 105 insignis Andr.,
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Terminalia alaia Roth., 39 arjuna W
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