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MEDICINAL PLANTS 70 FIG. 132. Spilanthes paniculata. A, and B, stems with leaves and flower heads. C, longitudinal section of a flower head. D, bisexual flower with bract, side view. E, longitudinal section of a flower.
COMPOS1TAE 14. Spilaothes paniculata Wall, ex DC. Prodr. Syst. Nat. Reg. Veg. 5: 625. 1836. (Fig. 132). Spilanthes acmella (Linn.) Murr.—Spilanthes calva Wight—Spilanthes lobata Blanco— Verbesina acmella Linn.— Verbesina pseudo-acmella Linn.—Acmella linnaea Cass. Sinh. Akmella; Tarn. Akkirakaram; Sans. Aggimala, Agragandha, Nadekanta, Nandikantha. An annual with a prostrate or ascending, much branched, cylindrical, more or less hairy Stem; leaves simple, opposite, without stipules, 2.5—4.5 cm long, 2—4 cm broad, ovate, suddenly tapering at the base, acute, faintly and irregularly serrate, glabrous above, scantily pubescent along veins beneath, thin, somewhat 3-veined; petioles 0.8—2 cm long, slender, pilose; flowers very small, yellow, ray florets absent, bisexual Rowers regular on heads apparently terminal but really axillary, surrounded by an involucre of reddish brown bracts, on long glabrous peduncles 3.5—6 cm long; bracts membranous, 4 mm long, lanceolate, keeled, subacute, pilose outside; calyx absent; petals 5, fused, tubular, valvate, somewhat inflated in the middle, 2 mm long,- lobes triangular; stamens 5, inserted on the corolla-tube, filaments free, anthers connate into a tube round the style, bases shortly pointed; ovary inferior, 2—2.5 mm long, 2-carpellary, unilocular with a solitary erect ovule at the base, style branches short, truncate, bifid; fruit a compressed, 2-edged, glabrous, oblong, dark brown, dull achene without a pappus. Flowers throughout the year. Illustrations. Wight, Ic. PI. Ind. Orient, pi. 1109. 1846; Kirtikar and Basu, Indian Med. Plants, pi. 532. 1933; Herb. Peradeniya drawing. Distribution. Occurs throughout India, Ceylon and other tropical countries. In Ceylon, it is common in moist places up to 6000 feet attitude. Ramboda. Hantane. etc. India. Bengal: J. D. Hooker and T. Thomson. Assam: Simons; Naga Hills, Prain\ July 1886. Pen. Ind. Or. Herb. Wight 1607, Kew Distribution 1866—7. Ceylon, without locality, Thwaites CP. 684. Indo-Cbina. Hue and Vicinity, Squires 32: Squires 187, Jan.—May 1927. Sumatra. Burmemeyer 3672, July 1918. Composition. The plant contains an alkaloid and probably spilanthol, an active principle found in the Japanese form. Uses. The flower heads are chewed for toothache and the powdered leaves are rubbed on the lips "and gums for sore-mouth in children. It is an insecticide as well. The oil prepared from mature leaves with gingelly oil is used on burns and scalds. Internally, the plant acts as an aromatic stomachic ar.d expectorant and* is useful in chronic dyspepsia and bronchitis. In Indo-China, a decoction of the plant is given for dysentery while in the Philippines,, a decoction of the root is used as a purgative. An infusion of the root given internally has a diuretic effect and is reputed to be a solvent of vesical calculi. It is also used locally against itching and psoriasis. 71
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Published by The National Science F
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Introduction CONTENTS 23. CACTACEAE
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Page 17. Momordica dioica Roxb. ...
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REPRINT OF MEDICINAL PLANTS (INDIGE
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79 For Wedelta chinenesis (Osbeck)
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199 For Croton tiglium Linn, read:
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I I PART II
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23. CACTACEAE 1. Opantia dillenii (
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24. CAMPANULACEAE 1. Lobelia nicoti
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25. CANNABINACEAE I. Cannabis sativ
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26, CAPPARIDACEAE 1. Capparis horri
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2. Capparis moooil Wight, III. 1: 3
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3. Capparis zeylanica Linn. Sp. PI.
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4. Crataevo religiose Forst. (.. Pr
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5. Gynandropsis gynandra (Linn.) Me
Page 33 and 34: CAPPARIDACEAE 6. Polanisia icosandr
Page 35 and 36: CARICACEAE The Caribbeans used the
Page 37 and 38: 28. CELASTRACEAE 1. Celastrus panic
Page 40 and 41: 2. Elaeodendroa glancom (Rottb.) Pe
Page 42 and 43: 3. Kokoona ceylanlca Thwaites in Ho
Page 44 and 45: 29. COMBRETACEAE 1. Anogelssus lati
Page 46 and 47: 2. Termroalia arjuna Wight and Arn.
Page 48 and 49: 3. Terminalia bellirka (Gaertn.) Ro
Page 50 and 51: 4. Terminalia catappa Linn. Mant. 5
Page 52 and 53: 3. Terminalia chebula Rciz., Obs. 5
Page 54 and 55: 6. Terminalia tomentosa Wight and A
Page 56 and 57: 30. COMMELINACEAE I. Commelina diff
Page 58 and 59: 2. Cyanotis axillaris (Linn.) J. A.
Page 60 and 61: 31. COMPOSITAE I. Ageratum cooyzoid
Page 62 and 63: 2. Anacyclus pyrethrum DC. Fl. Fran
Page 64 and 65: 3. Anaphalis subdecurrens (DC.) Gam
Page 66 and 67: 4. Artemisia vulgaris Linn. Sp. PI.
Page 68 and 69: 5. Bluraea mollis (D. Don) Merr. in
Page 70 and 71: COMPOSITAE 6. Centipeda minima (L.)
Page 72 and 73: 7 Eclipta prostata (Linn.) Linn. Ma
Page 74 and 75: 8. Elephantopus scaber Linn., Sp. P
Page 76 and 77: 9. Emilia sonchifolia (Linn.) DC. i
Page 78 and 79: 10. Eupatorium triplinerve Vahl, Sy
Page 80 and 81: MEDICINAL PLANTS
Page 90 and 91: MEDICINAL PLANTS 76 Fio. 135. ' Ver
Page 92 and 93: MEDICINAL PLANTS FIG 136. Wedelia c
Page 94 and 95: MEDICINAL PLANTS 80 Fro. 137. Xanth
Page 100 and 101: MEDICINAL PLANTS 86 H Fta. 140. Arg
Page 102 and 103: MEDICINAL PLANTS 88 Fro. 141. Argyr
Page 104 and 105: MEDICINAL PLANTS 90 Fio. 142. Cuscu
Page 107 and 108: 4. Cuscuta rtflexa Roxb. P!. Corom
Page 109 and 110: 5. ETOIVUIUS alsinoides Linn. Sp. P
Page 111 and 112: 6. Ipomoea angustlfolia Jacq., Ic.
Page 113 and 114: 7. Ipomoea aquatica Forsk. Fl. Aegy
Page 115 and 116: 8. Ipomoea asarifolia (Oesr.) Roem.
Page 117 and 118: CONVOLVULACEAE 9. Ipomoea mauritian
Page 119 and 120: CONVOLVULACEAE 10. Ipomoea maxima (
Page 121 and 122: 11. Ipomoea nil (Linn!) Roth. Cat a
Page 123 and 124: 12. Ipomoea obscura (Linn.) Ker-Gaw
Page 125 and 126: 13. Ipomoea pes-caprae (Linn.) Roth
Page 127 and 128: 14. Ipomoea pes-tlgridis Linn. Sp.
Page 129 and 130: CONVOLVULACEAE 15. Operculina turpe
Page 131 and 132: 34. CRASSULACEAE 1. Kalanchoe lacin
Page 133 and 134: 35. CRUCIFERAE 1. Brassica alba Hoo
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CRUCIFERAE 2. Brassica integrifolia
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CRUC1FERAE 3. Brassica nigra (Linn.
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36. CUCURMTACEAE 1. Benincasa hispi
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2. Bryouop*;*. laciniosa (Linn.) Na
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3. Coccinea grandis Kurz in Journ.
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CUCURBITACEAE 4. Colocynthis citnil
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5. Colocynthis vulgaris Schrad., In
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CUCURBITACEAE 6. Corallocarpus epig
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CUCURBITACEAE 7. Cucumis callosus (
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CUCURBITACEAE 8. Cucumis melo var.
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9. Cucumis sativus Linn. Sp. PI. 10
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10. Cucurbita maxima Duchesne in La
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CUCURBITACEAE 11. Lagenaria sicerar
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12. LufTa acutangula Roxb. Hort Ben
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13. Luffa cylindrica (Linn.) M. Roe
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14. Melothria heterophylla Cogn. in
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CUCURBITACEAE IS. Melothria maderas
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CUCURBITACEAE 16. Momordica charant
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17. Momordica dioica Roxb. in Willd
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18. Trichosanthes anguina Linn., Sp
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19. Trichosanthes bracteata (Lam.)
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20. Trichosanthes cucumerina Linn.
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21. Zanonia indica Linn.. Sp. PI. e
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37. CYCADACEAE 1. Cycas circinalis
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38. CYPERACEAE I. Cyperus rotundus
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39. DILLENIACEAE 1. Dillenia indica
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2. Dillenia retusa Thunb. in Trans.
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40. DIPTEROCARPEAE 1. Dipterocarpus
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2. Dipterocarpus zeyJan'cns Thw., E
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3. Shore* robusta Gaertn. f. Fruct.
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41. EBENACEAE Diospyros malabarica
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2. Rhododendron zeylanicum Booth in
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43. ERYTHROXYLACEAE 1. Erythroxytum
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2. Erythroxylum moonii Hochr. in Bu
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44. EUPHORBIAGEAE 1. Acolypha indic
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2- Bridelia retusa (Linn.) Spreng.
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3. CleisUnthus coUinus (Roxb.) Bent
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4. Croton laccifeius Linn., Sp. PI.
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EUPHORBIACEAE - 5. Croton tiglium L
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6. Dimorphocalyx glabellus Thwaites
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7. Euphorbia antiquorum Linn. Sp. P
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8. Euphorbia hirta Linn. Sp. PI. 45
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9. Euphorbia indica Lamk. Diet. 2:
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10. Euphorbia neriifolia Linn. Sp.
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U Euphoribta Ihymifolia Linn. Sp. P
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12. Euphorbia tirucalli Linn. Sp. P
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13. Excoecaria agallocha nn Syst Na
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14. Jatropha curcas Linn. Sp. PI. 1
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15. Jatropha glandulifera Roxb.. Fl
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16. Jntropho podagrica Hook., Bot.
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EUPHORBIACEAE 17. Macaranga peltata
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EUPHORBIACEAE 18. Ma Hot us philipp
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19. Phyilanthus debilis Klein ex Wi
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EUPHORBIACEAE 20. Phyilanthus embli
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21. Pbytlanthus reticularus Poir.,
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22. Phyilanthus urinaria Linn. Sp.
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23. Putran]lva roxburghii Wall., Te
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24. Ricinus communis Linn. Sp. PI.
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MEDICINAL PLANTS
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MEDICINAL PLANTS FlO. 216. Securine
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MFDICINAL PLANTS 244 Fio. 217. Trag
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MEDICINAL PLANTS 246 FIG. 218. Quer
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INDEX T O PLANTS ACCORDING T O THER
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Operculina turpethum. US Phyilanthu
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Centipede bites Cucurbita maxima, 1
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Operculina turpethum, 115 Phyilanth
Page 268 and 269:
Eye diseases Kokoona zeylanica, 27
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HemJphlegiu Colocynthis vulgaris, 1
Page 272 and 273:
Metrorrhagia Artemisia vulgaris, 51
Page 274 and 275:
Euphorbia nertifolia, 209 Ipomoea n
Page 276 and 277:
Sprue Cucumis sativus, 141 Sprains
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Phyllanthus debilis, 227 Terminalia
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Sal-gaha, 179 Sanninayan, 73 Sara l
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Kumbam, US Kumbanjan, 115 Kunasagam
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Abies chilotnsls Hort., 83 chllrowe
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Convolvulus paimata Mocnch, 113 pan
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keynttVfa.ll., 105 insignis Andr.,
Page 290:
Terminalia alaia Roth., 39 arjuna W
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