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MEDICINAL PLANTS 6 Fto 103. Cannabis sativa. A, branch of the male plant. B, leaf. C, male flower from top. D; stamen. E, female flower with bract and perianth-leaf. F, female flower with perianth removed. G, perianth-leaf. H,I,fruits surrounded with persistent perianth. J, fruit. K, vertical, and L, transverse section of fruit. 6 HH.
25. CANNABINACEAE I. Cannabis sativa Linn. Sp. PI. 1027. 1753. (FIR. 103). Cannabis indica Lamk.—Cannabis chiAensis Del. Engl. Hemp; Sinh. Ganja, Kansa, Math-kansa; 7am. Bangi, Ganja, Kslpam, Korkkarmuli; Hindi Bhang, Charas. Garja, Ganjekaper, Gur, Kinnab, Phulganja, Sabzi, Siddhi: Sans. Ajaya, Ananda, Bhanga, Bhringi, Chapala, Dhurtapatni, Dhurtavadhu, Ganja, GanjiJw, Hanga, Hara, Harshini, Indrashana, Jaya, Jnanavallika, Kamagni, Manchara, Matkunari, Matta, Matulani, Matult, Maya, Mohini, Nili, Shakrashana, Shiva, Shivapriya, Tandraruchivardhini, Trailokhyavijaya, Ujaya, Unmattini. Ununda, Vajra-druvikshaha, Vijaya, Virapatra, Vrijpatta, Yogini. An annual herb about I—3 m tall, erect, slender, stem slightly woody at the base, striate, slightly rough with very close, short and fine tomentum, greyish green; leaves numerous, alternate or opposite, palmate compound, spreading on long slender, scabrous petioles with linear acute stipules at the base; leaflets 5—7, or only 3 in the upper leaves, the middle one longest, sessile, linear-lanceolate', acute or attenuate at both ends, strongly and sharply serrate, finely scabrous and dark green above, pale and finely downy beneath; flowers small, unisexual, dioecious; male plant smaller, flowers numerous, shortly stalked, irregularly arranged on the branches of lax drooping panicles arising from axils of leaves and on the summit of the stem; perianth very deeply divided into 5, almost separate, oblong, nearly equal, downy, pale yellow segments imbricate in bud; stamens 5, opposite perianth segments, filaments slender, very short, anthers large, pendulous; female flower with a single, cordate-ovate, hirsute, glandular, 5-vcined perianth leaf sheathing round the ovary; ovary superior, ovoid, smooth, unilocular with a single, pendulous ovule, style arms 2, filiform, caducous, hairy; fruit small, about 2 mm long, enclosed in the persistent, spathe-like perianth, ovoid-compressed, pointed ; seed completely filling the fruit, albuminous. Illustrations. Bentley and Trimen Med. PI., pi. 231. 1880; Kirtikar and Basu, Indian Med. PI., pi. 888. 1933; Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk. Medicinal and Poisonous Med. PL of South and East Africa, pi. 208. 1962; Herb. Peradeniya, drawing. Distribution. Native of the temperate parts of Asia, Southern Siberia and Persia and probably of Northern India, and China. It is cultivated in Ceylon, illicitly in chenas in the dryzone India. Sikkim, T. Thomson, 1859. Nepal, Wallich 4665C, 1821. Maisor and Carnatic, G. Thomson. Ceylon. Peradeniya, Bot. Gard., cultivated, 1900. China. Peking, Williams 352, Aug. 1863; Wein, Kovats 1041. Composition. The active principle in this plant is an amorphous resin called cannabin which yields a toxic oily substance known as cannabinol. The plant also contains nicotine and the seed, trigonelline. Uses. The flowering tops of the female plant or the resin exuded spontaneously from the leaves and stems, under certain climatic conditions, are used medicinally or as a narcotic. The powdered leaf is mixed with tobacco and smoked as a cigarette or in a pipe. "Sabjee" and "Legiam" are two sweetened preparations, frequently used by Mohammedans. Hemp is unreliable therapeutically as its effects vary with the physical condition and idiosyncracies of the user. It excites high psychic centres as well as the central nervous system. It distorts time and space sense. It can cause merriment and dancing or uncontrollable violence. Medicinally, the leaves are used with other ingredients for preparations in the treatment of coughs, asthma, dropsy, diarrhoea, dysentery, piles, neuralgia,'migraine, etc. In Africa, the plant is used in the treatment of malaria, blackwater fever, blood poisoning, anthrax, dysentery and snake bites. The stem yields a valuable fibre used for cordage, sacking and sail cloth. The seeds are used as bird food as they do not contain any narcotic properties. They contain a fixed oil used as varnish. 7
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Page 3 and 4: Published by The National Science F
Page 5 and 6: Introduction CONTENTS 23. CACTACEAE
Page 7 and 8: Page 17. Momordica dioica Roxb. ...
Page 9 and 10: REPRINT OF MEDICINAL PLANTS (INDIGE
Page 11 and 12: 79 For Wedelta chinenesis (Osbeck)
Page 13 and 14: 199 For Croton tiglium Linn, read:
Page 15 and 16: I I PART II
Page 17 and 18: 23. CACTACEAE 1. Opantia dillenii (
Page 19: 24. CAMPANULACEAE 1. Lobelia nicoti
Page 23 and 24: 26, CAPPARIDACEAE 1. Capparis horri
Page 25 and 26: 2. Capparis moooil Wight, III. 1: 3
Page 27 and 28: 3. Capparis zeylanica Linn. Sp. PI.
Page 29 and 30: 4. Crataevo religiose Forst. (.. Pr
Page 31 and 32: 5. Gynandropsis gynandra (Linn.) Me
Page 33 and 34: CAPPARIDACEAE 6. Polanisia icosandr
Page 35 and 36: CARICACEAE The Caribbeans used the
Page 37 and 38: 28. CELASTRACEAE 1. Celastrus panic
Page 40 and 41: 2. Elaeodendroa glancom (Rottb.) Pe
Page 42 and 43: 3. Kokoona ceylanlca Thwaites in Ho
Page 44 and 45: 29. COMBRETACEAE 1. Anogelssus lati
Page 46 and 47: 2. Termroalia arjuna Wight and Arn.
Page 48 and 49: 3. Terminalia bellirka (Gaertn.) Ro
Page 50 and 51: 4. Terminalia catappa Linn. Mant. 5
Page 52 and 53: 3. Terminalia chebula Rciz., Obs. 5
Page 54 and 55: 6. Terminalia tomentosa Wight and A
Page 56 and 57: 30. COMMELINACEAE I. Commelina diff
Page 58 and 59: 2. Cyanotis axillaris (Linn.) J. A.
Page 60 and 61: 31. COMPOSITAE I. Ageratum cooyzoid
Page 62 and 63: 2. Anacyclus pyrethrum DC. Fl. Fran
Page 64 and 65: 3. Anaphalis subdecurrens (DC.) Gam
Page 66 and 67: 4. Artemisia vulgaris Linn. Sp. PI.
Page 68 and 69: 5. Bluraea mollis (D. Don) Merr. in
Page 70 and 71:
COMPOSITAE 6. Centipeda minima (L.)
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7 Eclipta prostata (Linn.) Linn. Ma
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8. Elephantopus scaber Linn., Sp. P
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9. Emilia sonchifolia (Linn.) DC. i
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10. Eupatorium triplinerve Vahl, Sy
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MEDICINAL PLANTS
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MEDICINAL PLANTS
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MEDICINAL PLANTS 70 FIG. 132. Spila
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MEDICINAL PLANTS
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MEDICINAL PLANTS
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MEDICINAL PLANTS 76 Fio. 135. ' Ver
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MEDICINAL PLANTS FIG 136. Wedelia c
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MEDICINAL PLANTS 80 Fro. 137. Xanth
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MEDICINAL PLANTS
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MEDICINAL PLANTS
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MEDICINAL PLANTS 86 H Fta. 140. Arg
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MEDICINAL PLANTS 88 Fro. 141. Argyr
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MEDICINAL PLANTS 90 Fio. 142. Cuscu
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4. Cuscuta rtflexa Roxb. P!. Corom
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5. ETOIVUIUS alsinoides Linn. Sp. P
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6. Ipomoea angustlfolia Jacq., Ic.
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7. Ipomoea aquatica Forsk. Fl. Aegy
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8. Ipomoea asarifolia (Oesr.) Roem.
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CONVOLVULACEAE 9. Ipomoea mauritian
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CONVOLVULACEAE 10. Ipomoea maxima (
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11. Ipomoea nil (Linn!) Roth. Cat a
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12. Ipomoea obscura (Linn.) Ker-Gaw
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13. Ipomoea pes-caprae (Linn.) Roth
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14. Ipomoea pes-tlgridis Linn. Sp.
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CONVOLVULACEAE 15. Operculina turpe
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34. CRASSULACEAE 1. Kalanchoe lacin
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35. CRUCIFERAE 1. Brassica alba Hoo
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CRUCIFERAE 2. Brassica integrifolia
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CRUC1FERAE 3. Brassica nigra (Linn.
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36. CUCURMTACEAE 1. Benincasa hispi
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2. Bryouop*;*. laciniosa (Linn.) Na
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3. Coccinea grandis Kurz in Journ.
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CUCURBITACEAE 4. Colocynthis citnil
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5. Colocynthis vulgaris Schrad., In
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CUCURBITACEAE 6. Corallocarpus epig
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CUCURBITACEAE 7. Cucumis callosus (
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CUCURBITACEAE 8. Cucumis melo var.
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9. Cucumis sativus Linn. Sp. PI. 10
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10. Cucurbita maxima Duchesne in La
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CUCURBITACEAE 11. Lagenaria sicerar
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12. LufTa acutangula Roxb. Hort Ben
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13. Luffa cylindrica (Linn.) M. Roe
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14. Melothria heterophylla Cogn. in
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CUCURBITACEAE IS. Melothria maderas
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CUCURBITACEAE 16. Momordica charant
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17. Momordica dioica Roxb. in Willd
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18. Trichosanthes anguina Linn., Sp
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19. Trichosanthes bracteata (Lam.)
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20. Trichosanthes cucumerina Linn.
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21. Zanonia indica Linn.. Sp. PI. e
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37. CYCADACEAE 1. Cycas circinalis
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38. CYPERACEAE I. Cyperus rotundus
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39. DILLENIACEAE 1. Dillenia indica
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2. Dillenia retusa Thunb. in Trans.
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40. DIPTEROCARPEAE 1. Dipterocarpus
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2. Dipterocarpus zeyJan'cns Thw., E
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3. Shore* robusta Gaertn. f. Fruct.
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41. EBENACEAE Diospyros malabarica
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2. Rhododendron zeylanicum Booth in
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43. ERYTHROXYLACEAE 1. Erythroxytum
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2. Erythroxylum moonii Hochr. in Bu
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44. EUPHORBIAGEAE 1. Acolypha indic
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2- Bridelia retusa (Linn.) Spreng.
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3. CleisUnthus coUinus (Roxb.) Bent
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4. Croton laccifeius Linn., Sp. PI.
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EUPHORBIACEAE - 5. Croton tiglium L
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6. Dimorphocalyx glabellus Thwaites
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7. Euphorbia antiquorum Linn. Sp. P
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8. Euphorbia hirta Linn. Sp. PI. 45
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9. Euphorbia indica Lamk. Diet. 2:
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10. Euphorbia neriifolia Linn. Sp.
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U Euphoribta Ihymifolia Linn. Sp. P
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12. Euphorbia tirucalli Linn. Sp. P
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13. Excoecaria agallocha nn Syst Na
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14. Jatropha curcas Linn. Sp. PI. 1
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15. Jatropha glandulifera Roxb.. Fl
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16. Jntropho podagrica Hook., Bot.
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EUPHORBIACEAE 17. Macaranga peltata
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EUPHORBIACEAE 18. Ma Hot us philipp
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19. Phyilanthus debilis Klein ex Wi
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EUPHORBIACEAE 20. Phyilanthus embli
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21. Pbytlanthus reticularus Poir.,
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22. Phyilanthus urinaria Linn. Sp.
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23. Putran]lva roxburghii Wall., Te
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24. Ricinus communis Linn. Sp. PI.
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MEDICINAL PLANTS
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MEDICINAL PLANTS FlO. 216. Securine
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MFDICINAL PLANTS 244 Fio. 217. Trag
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MEDICINAL PLANTS 246 FIG. 218. Quer
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INDEX T O PLANTS ACCORDING T O THER
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Operculina turpethum. US Phyilanthu
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Centipede bites Cucurbita maxima, 1
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Operculina turpethum, 115 Phyilanth
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Eye diseases Kokoona zeylanica, 27
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HemJphlegiu Colocynthis vulgaris, 1
Page 272 and 273:
Metrorrhagia Artemisia vulgaris, 51
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Euphorbia nertifolia, 209 Ipomoea n
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Sprue Cucumis sativus, 141 Sprains
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Phyllanthus debilis, 227 Terminalia
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Sal-gaha, 179 Sanninayan, 73 Sara l
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Kumbam, US Kumbanjan, 115 Kunasagam
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Abies chilotnsls Hort., 83 chllrowe
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Convolvulus paimata Mocnch, 113 pan
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keynttVfa.ll., 105 insignis Andr.,
Page 290:
Terminalia alaia Roth., 39 arjuna W
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