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MEDICINAL PLANTS 132 FIG. 163. Colocynthis vulgaris. A, branch with leaves and male and female (lowers. B, male flower spread out. C, longitudinal section of a female flower. D, transverse section.of the ovary E, fruit.
5. Colocynthis vulgaris Schrad., Ind. Scm. Hort. Gotting. 1833. (Fig. 163). Cucumis colocynthis Linn.—Citrullus colocynthis Schrad. CUCURBITACEAE Engl. Colocynth, Bitter Cucumber; Sinh. Yak-Komadu, Tittakomadu; Tarn. Peykkumulti, PeyUumatti, Verikkummatti, Verittumatti, Visala; Hindi Ghcrumba, Indrayan, Makal; Sans. Atmaraksha, Brihadvaruni, Brihatphala, Chitrala, Chitraphala, Chitravalli Devi, Dirghavalli, Gajachirbhira, Hastidanti, Kapilakshi, Katurasa, Kaya, Kumbhasi, Mahaphala, Mahendravaruni, Mahendri, Mrigadini, Mrigakshi. Mrigevaru, Ramya, Shevetapushpa, Soumya, Trapusi, Tunvasi, Urupriya, Vishala. Annual or perennial, slender, prostrate climber with angular, scabrous or somewhat hairy stems, tendrils 2-or 3-fid, slender, hairy; leaves simple, alternate, 3.8—8.8 cm long, variable, usually deltoid in outline, very deeply trifid, the middle lobe the longest, each lobe deeply pinnatifid with the segments lobed or dentate, margin often involute, nearly glabrous above, very scabrous with short, swollen, prickly bristles beneath; petioles about half the length of the leaf, bristly or hairy; flowers regular, unisexual, pale yellow, monoecious, solitary in the axils of leaves, rather large, peduncle about 1.2 cm long, rough or hairy; sepals 5, fused into a campanulate calyx-limb, hairy, segments linear-lanceolate; petals 5, united nearly half-way up to form a cup-shaped corolla, segments oval, subacute; male flower: stamens 3, small, inserted in the tube of the corolla, filaments short, glabrous, anther distinct, one 1-celled and two 2-celled, cells conduplicate; female flower: ovary inferior, globular-ovoid, fleshy, calyx-tube fused with ovary, hairy, unilocular with three large, fleshy, parietal placentas, style short stout with 3 small staminodes round it, stigmas 3, sessile; fruit globular, slightly depressed, 5—8 cm diameter, dark green, mottled with 10 lines of paler irregular spots, completely filled with white spongy very bitter pulp; seeds numerous, horizontal, pale brown, immersed in thfc pulp. Illustrations. Wight, Ic. PI. Ind. Orient, pi. 498, 1840—43; Bentley and Trimen, Medicinal Plants, pi. 114. 1880; Kirtikar and Basu, Indian Med. Plants, pi. 460. 1933; Herb. Peradeniya, drawing. Distribution. Occurs in Arabia,-Syria, Egypt, Western Asia, tropical Africa, Mediterranean regions, India and Ceylon. In Ceylon, it is rather rare confined to the dry and desert regions such as Batticaloa, Puttalam, Jaffna and Talaimannar. India. Punjab, T. Thomson; Pen. Ind. Orient. Herb. Wight 1114, Kew Distribution 1866—8. Ceylon. Thwaites CP. 1607. Northern Prov., Jaffna, Herb. Peradeniya, Feb. 1890; Talaimannar, J. M. Silva, July 1916. Composition. The fruit contains an alkaloid. The purgative properties of colocynth is due to a bitter principle colocynthin, a glucoside. The fruit pulp contains a very small amount of volatile oil; citrullol, oc—elaterin, hentriacontane and a phytosterol. The fruit juice contains citrullin, citrulluen, citrullinic acid in addition tocc—elaterin. The seeds yield a fixed oil and a yellow bitter principle. The root also containsoc—elaterin. Uses. The fruit and the root are made into a paste and applied on boils and pimples. A paste of the root is applied on abdominal swellings in children and a decoction of it is given for cough 'and asthma. A poultice of the root is applied on inflammation of breasts in women. The root along with other ingredients is used in chronic skin diseases, syphilis, elephantiasis, leprosy, hemiphlegia, piles, anaemia, colic, ascites, jaundice, rheumatism and various urinary diseases. The juice of the fruit mixed with sugar is a specific for dropsy. -The fruit and the root are prescribed in the treatment of snake bites. The oil extracted from the seed is used in India as a remedy for snake-bites, scorpion sting, epilepsy add to stimulate the growth and to darken grey hair. In some parts of Baluchistan the fruit and seeds are used as a purgative. 133
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Published by The National Science F
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Introduction CONTENTS 23. CACTACEAE
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Page 17. Momordica dioica Roxb. ...
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REPRINT OF MEDICINAL PLANTS (INDIGE
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79 For Wedelta chinenesis (Osbeck)
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199 For Croton tiglium Linn, read:
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I I PART II
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23. CACTACEAE 1. Opantia dillenii (
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24. CAMPANULACEAE 1. Lobelia nicoti
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25. CANNABINACEAE I. Cannabis sativ
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26, CAPPARIDACEAE 1. Capparis horri
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2. Capparis moooil Wight, III. 1: 3
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3. Capparis zeylanica Linn. Sp. PI.
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4. Crataevo religiose Forst. (.. Pr
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5. Gynandropsis gynandra (Linn.) Me
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CAPPARIDACEAE 6. Polanisia icosandr
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CARICACEAE The Caribbeans used the
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28. CELASTRACEAE 1. Celastrus panic
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2. Elaeodendroa glancom (Rottb.) Pe
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3. Kokoona ceylanlca Thwaites in Ho
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29. COMBRETACEAE 1. Anogelssus lati
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2. Termroalia arjuna Wight and Arn.
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3. Terminalia bellirka (Gaertn.) Ro
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4. Terminalia catappa Linn. Mant. 5
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3. Terminalia chebula Rciz., Obs. 5
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6. Terminalia tomentosa Wight and A
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30. COMMELINACEAE I. Commelina diff
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2. Cyanotis axillaris (Linn.) J. A.
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31. COMPOSITAE I. Ageratum cooyzoid
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2. Anacyclus pyrethrum DC. Fl. Fran
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3. Anaphalis subdecurrens (DC.) Gam
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4. Artemisia vulgaris Linn. Sp. PI.
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5. Bluraea mollis (D. Don) Merr. in
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COMPOSITAE 6. Centipeda minima (L.)
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7 Eclipta prostata (Linn.) Linn. Ma
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8. Elephantopus scaber Linn., Sp. P
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9. Emilia sonchifolia (Linn.) DC. i
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10. Eupatorium triplinerve Vahl, Sy
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MEDICINAL PLANTS
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MEDICINAL PLANTS
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MEDICINAL PLANTS 70 FIG. 132. Spila
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MEDICINAL PLANTS
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MEDICINAL PLANTS
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MEDICINAL PLANTS 76 Fio. 135. ' Ver
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MEDICINAL PLANTS FIG 136. Wedelia c
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MEDICINAL PLANTS 80 Fro. 137. Xanth
Page 96 and 97: MEDICINAL PLANTS
Page 98 and 99: MEDICINAL PLANTS
Page 100 and 101: MEDICINAL PLANTS 86 H Fta. 140. Arg
Page 102 and 103: MEDICINAL PLANTS 88 Fro. 141. Argyr
Page 104 and 105: MEDICINAL PLANTS 90 Fio. 142. Cuscu
Page 107 and 108: 4. Cuscuta rtflexa Roxb. P!. Corom
Page 109 and 110: 5. ETOIVUIUS alsinoides Linn. Sp. P
Page 111 and 112: 6. Ipomoea angustlfolia Jacq., Ic.
Page 113 and 114: 7. Ipomoea aquatica Forsk. Fl. Aegy
Page 115 and 116: 8. Ipomoea asarifolia (Oesr.) Roem.
Page 117 and 118: CONVOLVULACEAE 9. Ipomoea mauritian
Page 119 and 120: CONVOLVULACEAE 10. Ipomoea maxima (
Page 121 and 122: 11. Ipomoea nil (Linn!) Roth. Cat a
Page 123 and 124: 12. Ipomoea obscura (Linn.) Ker-Gaw
Page 125 and 126: 13. Ipomoea pes-caprae (Linn.) Roth
Page 127 and 128: 14. Ipomoea pes-tlgridis Linn. Sp.
Page 129 and 130: CONVOLVULACEAE 15. Operculina turpe
Page 131 and 132: 34. CRASSULACEAE 1. Kalanchoe lacin
Page 133 and 134: 35. CRUCIFERAE 1. Brassica alba Hoo
Page 135 and 136: CRUCIFERAE 2. Brassica integrifolia
Page 137 and 138: CRUC1FERAE 3. Brassica nigra (Linn.
Page 139 and 140: 36. CUCURMTACEAE 1. Benincasa hispi
Page 141 and 142: 2. Bryouop*;*. laciniosa (Linn.) Na
Page 143 and 144: 3. Coccinea grandis Kurz in Journ.
Page 145: CUCURBITACEAE 4. Colocynthis citnil
Page 149 and 150: CUCURBITACEAE 6. Corallocarpus epig
Page 151 and 152: CUCURBITACEAE 7. Cucumis callosus (
Page 153 and 154: CUCURBITACEAE 8. Cucumis melo var.
Page 155 and 156: 9. Cucumis sativus Linn. Sp. PI. 10
Page 157 and 158: 10. Cucurbita maxima Duchesne in La
Page 159 and 160: CUCURBITACEAE 11. Lagenaria sicerar
Page 161 and 162: 12. LufTa acutangula Roxb. Hort Ben
Page 163 and 164: 13. Luffa cylindrica (Linn.) M. Roe
Page 165 and 166: 14. Melothria heterophylla Cogn. in
Page 167 and 168: CUCURBITACEAE IS. Melothria maderas
Page 169 and 170: CUCURBITACEAE 16. Momordica charant
Page 171 and 172: 17. Momordica dioica Roxb. in Willd
Page 173 and 174: 18. Trichosanthes anguina Linn., Sp
Page 175 and 176: 19. Trichosanthes bracteata (Lam.)
Page 177 and 178: 20. Trichosanthes cucumerina Linn.
Page 179 and 180: 21. Zanonia indica Linn.. Sp. PI. e
Page 181 and 182: 37. CYCADACEAE 1. Cycas circinalis
Page 183 and 184: 38. CYPERACEAE I. Cyperus rotundus
Page 185 and 186: 39. DILLENIACEAE 1. Dillenia indica
Page 187 and 188: 2. Dillenia retusa Thunb. in Trans.
Page 189 and 190: 40. DIPTEROCARPEAE 1. Dipterocarpus
Page 191 and 192: 2. Dipterocarpus zeyJan'cns Thw., E
Page 193 and 194: 3. Shore* robusta Gaertn. f. Fruct.
Page 195 and 196: 41. EBENACEAE Diospyros malabarica
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2. Rhododendron zeylanicum Booth in
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43. ERYTHROXYLACEAE 1. Erythroxytum
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2. Erythroxylum moonii Hochr. in Bu
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44. EUPHORBIAGEAE 1. Acolypha indic
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2- Bridelia retusa (Linn.) Spreng.
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3. CleisUnthus coUinus (Roxb.) Bent
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4. Croton laccifeius Linn., Sp. PI.
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EUPHORBIACEAE - 5. Croton tiglium L
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6. Dimorphocalyx glabellus Thwaites
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7. Euphorbia antiquorum Linn. Sp. P
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8. Euphorbia hirta Linn. Sp. PI. 45
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9. Euphorbia indica Lamk. Diet. 2:
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10. Euphorbia neriifolia Linn. Sp.
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U Euphoribta Ihymifolia Linn. Sp. P
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12. Euphorbia tirucalli Linn. Sp. P
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13. Excoecaria agallocha nn Syst Na
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14. Jatropha curcas Linn. Sp. PI. 1
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15. Jatropha glandulifera Roxb.. Fl
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16. Jntropho podagrica Hook., Bot.
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EUPHORBIACEAE 17. Macaranga peltata
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EUPHORBIACEAE 18. Ma Hot us philipp
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19. Phyilanthus debilis Klein ex Wi
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EUPHORBIACEAE 20. Phyilanthus embli
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21. Pbytlanthus reticularus Poir.,
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22. Phyilanthus urinaria Linn. Sp.
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23. Putran]lva roxburghii Wall., Te
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24. Ricinus communis Linn. Sp. PI.
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MEDICINAL PLANTS
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MEDICINAL PLANTS FlO. 216. Securine
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MFDICINAL PLANTS 244 Fio. 217. Trag
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MEDICINAL PLANTS 246 FIG. 218. Quer
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INDEX T O PLANTS ACCORDING T O THER
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Operculina turpethum. US Phyilanthu
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Centipede bites Cucurbita maxima, 1
Page 266 and 267:
Operculina turpethum, 115 Phyilanth
Page 268 and 269:
Eye diseases Kokoona zeylanica, 27
Page 270 and 271:
HemJphlegiu Colocynthis vulgaris, 1
Page 272 and 273:
Metrorrhagia Artemisia vulgaris, 51
Page 274 and 275:
Euphorbia nertifolia, 209 Ipomoea n
Page 276 and 277:
Sprue Cucumis sativus, 141 Sprains
Page 278 and 279:
Phyllanthus debilis, 227 Terminalia
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Sal-gaha, 179 Sanninayan, 73 Sara l
Page 282 and 283:
Kumbam, US Kumbanjan, 115 Kunasagam
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Abies chilotnsls Hort., 83 chllrowe
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Convolvulus paimata Mocnch, 113 pan
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keynttVfa.ll., 105 insignis Andr.,
Page 290:
Terminalia alaia Roth., 39 arjuna W
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