Complementary Alternative Cardiovascular Medicine

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86 Alternative Cardiovascular Medicine in MUFA and both classes of PUFA. Table 1 presents a summary of major food fatty acid sources; fats frequently are incorporated into foods and not consumed in isolation. Additional information about the fatty acid profile and cholesterol and energy content of different fat-containing foods is shown in Table 2, which provides more detailed information about the type and quantity of fat found in popular fat-containing foods. Notable differences are evident, including the amount of total fat, all fatty acid classes, cholesterol, and energy. Tables 3 to 5 present information about the trans fat, cholesterol, and CLA content of certain foods that are high in these constituents. Note that the trans fat content of certain margarines, commercial peanut butter, and special cholesterollowering margarines is low. Table 6 shows the fatty acid profile of nuts and seeds, all of which are good sources of unsaturated fat. The American Heart Association 2000 Dietary Guidelines recommend achieving a desirable cholesterol profile by limiting foods high in saturated fat and cholesterol and substituting unsaturated fat from vegetables, fish, legumes, and nuts. The ATP III report provides some examples of how to achieve a higher fat level with the guidelines of the TLC diet. Some strategies include using peanuts and almonds to replace carbohydrate calories. Two menus are presented in Table 7 that show the range in fat recommendations (from 20% to 35% of calories) that can be implemented to promote heart health. They demonstrate how simple substitutions in a low-fat diet can result in a moderate fat diet that is low in saturated fat, trans fat, and cholesterol. Moreover, both dietary patterns are representative of those that can be implemented readily in the United States. SUMMARY There has been a shift in the recommendation about total fat that has redirected the emphasis from a low-fat to a moderate-fat message. It is clear that healthy fats have benefits that result from their unsaturated fatty acid profile, as well as other bioactive constituents. There is a range of recommended levels of fat that can be incorporated in a heart-healthy diet. The new recommendations for total fat provide flexibility in diet planning. The option of varying fat level in a diet on an individual basis should promote adherence to a healthy diet. To effectively individualize implementation of the total fat recommendation requires a good understanding of how to incorporate different amounts of total fat into a hearthealthy diet that meets nutrient and energy needs.
Chapter 6 / Oils, Fats, and CVD 87 Table 1 Major Food Source of Different Fatty Acids Fats that raise cholesterol Sources Examples Saturated fats Foods from animal Whole milk, cream, ice cream, sources whole-milk cheeses, butter, lard, and fatty meats * Certain plant oils Palm, palm kernel and coconut oils, and cocoa butter Trans fats Partially hydrogenated Cookies, crackers, cakes, vegetable oils shortening, margarine, fried foods (i.e., French fries and donuts) * Lean cuts of meat (beef, pork, lamb, and veal) contain fewer than 5 g saturated fat per 3-oz serving.† Fats that lower cholesterol Sources Examples Monounsa- Certain plant oils Olive, canola and peanut oils, turated fats nuts, and avocados Polyunsa- Certain plant oils Safflower, sesame, soybean, corn turated fats and sunflower-seed oils, nuts, and seeds N-3 fatty acids Certain plant oils Canola, flaxseed, soybean oils, walnuts, and walnut oil Fish oils Salmon, tuna, mackerel, trout, sardines, and various shellfish Sources: American Heart Association: http://www.americanheart.org. †USDA Nutrient Database for Standard Reference (Release 15).
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Complementary and Alternative Cardi
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CONTEMPORARY CARDIOLOGY CHRISTOPHER
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© 2004 Humana Press Inc. 999 River
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vi Preface physician or other healt
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viii Contents 10 Massage Therapy an
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x Contributors ERIN L. OLIVO, PhD
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Chapter 1 / CAM and CVD 1 1 Complem
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Chapter 1 / CAM and CVD 3 patients
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Chapter 1 / CAM and CVD 5 The crite
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Chapter 1 / CAM and CVD 7 disease c
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Chapter 1 / CAM and CVD 9 analyses,
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Chapter 3 / Botanical Medicine and
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Chapter 11 / Acupuncture and CVD 16
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Chapter 15 / Aromatherapy and CVD 2
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Chapter 16 / A Guide for Physicians
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Index 279 INDEX A N-Acetylcysteine
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Index 281 taurine studies, 106 Conj
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Index 283 Homeopathic medicine, see
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Index 285 funding of studies, 148 g
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Contemporary Cardiology COMPLEMENTA
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Complementary Alternative Cardiovascular Medicine

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