Complementary Alternative Cardiovascular Medicine

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58 Alternative Cardiovascular Medicine randomised, double blind, placebo-crossover trial. Thromb Haemost 2002;87:1075–1076. 43. Walker FB. Myocardial infarction after diet-induced warfarin resistance. Arch Intern Med 1984;144:2089–2090. 44. Kempin SJ. (1983) Warfarin resistance caused by broccoli. N Engl J Med 1983;308:1229–1230. 45. Wells PS, Holbrook AM, Crowther NR, Hirsch J. Interactions of warfarin with drugs and food. Ann Intern Med 1994;121:676–683. 46. Taylor J, Wilt V. Probable antagonism of warfarin by green tea. Ann Pharmacother 1999;33:426–428. 47. Penzak SR, Jann MW, Cold JA, Hon YY, Desai HD, Gurley BJ. Seville (sour) orange juice: synephrine content and cardiovascular effects in normotensive adults. J Clin Pharmacol 2001;41:1059–1063. 48. Tsunoda SM, Harris RZ, Christians U, et al. Red wine decreases cyclosporine bioavailability. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2001;70:462–467. 49. Bailey DG, Malcolm J, Arnold O, Spence JD. Grapefruit juice-drug interactions. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1998;46:101–110. 50. McInnes K. (1998) Drug interactions with grapefruit juice. Can Pharm J 1998;131:30–32. 51. Bailey DG, Arnold JMO, Spence JD. Grapefruit juice and drugs: how significant is the interaction? Clin Pharmacokinet 1994;26:91–98. 52. Yee GC, Stanley DL, Pessa LJ, et al. Effect of grapefruit juice on cyclosporin concentration. Lancet 1995;345:955–956. 53. Min DI, Ku YM, Geraets DR, et al. Effect of grapefruit juice on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamcis of quinidine in healthy volunteers. J Clin Pharmacol 1996;36:469–476. 54. Lown KS, Bailey DG, Fontana RJ, et al. Grapefruit juice increases felodipine oral availability in humans by decreasing intestinal CYP3A protein expression. J Clin Invest 1997;99:2545–2553. 55. Fuhr U, Kummert AL. The fate of naringin in humans: a key to grapefruit juice-drug interactions? Clin Pharmacol Ther 1995;58:365–373. 56. Evans AM. Influence of dietary components on the gastrointestinal metabolism and transport of drugs. Ther Drug Monitor 2000;22:131–136. 57. Wilkins D. University of Michigan Medical Center press release. November 19, 1997. 58. Brinker F. Interactions of pharmaceutical and botanical medicines. J Naturopath Med 1997;7:14–20. 59. McRae S. Elevated serum digoxin levels in a patient taking digoxin and Siberian ginseng. Can Med Assoc J 1996;155:293–295. 60. Awang DVC. Siberian ginseng toxicity may be case of mistaken identity. Can Med Assoc J 1996;155:1237. 61. Brown DD, Juhl R, Warner SL. Decreased bioavailability of digoxin due to hypocholesterolemic interventions. Circulation 1978;58:164–172. 62. Westendorf J. Anthranoid derivatives—general discussion. In: DeSmet PAGM, Keller K, Hänsel R, Chandler R., eds. Adverse Effects of Herbal Drugs (vol 2). Springer, Berlin, 1993, pp. 105–118.
Chapter 5 / Vitamin Therapy and CVD 59 5 Vitamin Therapy for Cardiovascular Disease Wahida Karmally, PhD, RD, CDE CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ANTIOXIDANT NUTRIENTS VITAMINS AND ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION REFERENCES INTRODUCTION Recently, much public and scientific interest has been directed toward the role of vitamins and other nutrients in health promotion and disease prevention. It is estimated that 40% of the US population takes vitamin supplements (1) in varying doses to prevent or treat diseases, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer. Vitamins have significant health effects beyond preventing deficiency diseases, namely their antioxidant functions. In this chapter, the role of vitamin therapy for CVD is reviewed; the evidence affecting cardiovascular health is also discussed. The vitamins included in the discussion are vitamins E, C, B 6, B 12, folic acid, niacin, and beta-carotene. ANTIOXIDANT NUTRIENTS The Institute of Medicine defines a dietary antioxidant as a “substance in foods that significantly decreases the adverse effects of reactive species, such as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, on normal physiological function in humans” (2). There is much evidence to support that From: Contemporary Cardiology Complementary and Alternative Cardiovascular Medicine Edited by: R. A. Stein and M. C. Oz © Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ 59
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Complementary and Alternative Cardi
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CONTEMPORARY CARDIOLOGY CHRISTOPHER
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© 2004 Humana Press Inc. 999 River
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vi Preface physician or other healt
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viii Contents 10 Massage Therapy an
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x Contributors ERIN L. OLIVO, PhD
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Chapter 1 / CAM and CVD 1 1 Complem
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Index 279 INDEX A N-Acetylcysteine
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Index 281 taurine studies, 106 Conj
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Index 283 Homeopathic medicine, see
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Contemporary Cardiology COMPLEMENTA
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