284 Index Massage therapy, contraindications and precautions, 159–163 drug precautions, 158 glossary of terms, 159, 163, 164 history of use, 153, 154 mechanisms of action, blood pressure control, 156, 157 circulatory system effects, 157 mind–body connection, 155 nervous system effects, 156 overview, 154, 155 pain reduction, 157, 158 respiratory system effects, 158 spinal alignment, 155, 156 thrombosis inhibition, 156 urinary system effects, 158 profession status, 164 Meditation, adverse impacts, 131, 132 cardiac disease process and risk factor impact, 128, 129 health care professional benefits, 132 mindfulness meditation, 124, 125 mind–body connection, 121, 122 origins, 123 physiologic effects, autonomic effects, 127 electroencephalography, 128 endocrine and neurotransmitter effects, 126, 127 hemodynamic effects, 127 oxygen consumption and respiration, 126 psychological impact, 129–131 relaxation response, 122, 123 transcendental meditation, 123 Web resources, 273, 274 Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), aromatherapy studies, 245, 247 Monacolin A, see Red yeast rice MRSA, see Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Myocardial infarction, carnitine studies, 109, 110 N NAC, see N-Acetylcysteine Nausea, acupuncture studies, 181 Niacin, dyslipidemia studies, 66, 67 Nitroglycerine, N-acetylcysteine combination therapy, 111, 112 history of use, 229 homeopathic medicine, 229 O Olive oil, antioxidants, 85 cardiovascular benefits, 28 Omega-3 fatty acids, cardiovascular benefits, 80–82 Omega-6 fatty acids, cardiovascular benefits, 79, 80 Oxidative stress, cardiovascular disease role, 60 P Pantethine, cardiovascular benefit studies, 116 functions, 115 Percutaneous coronary angioplasty (PTCA), restenosis studies with arginine, 104 Peripheral artery disease, acupuncture studies, 182 arginine studies, 103 carnitine studies, 110, 111 chelation therapy, 196 ginkgo biloba studies, 34, 35 homeopathic medicine, 231 Phytosterols, dyslipidemia studies, 40 margarine supplementation, 84, 85 vegetable oil content, 84 Prayer, American College of Cardiology consensus statement, 145, 148, 149
Index 285 funding of studies, 148 guideline development, 149, 150 heart disease and mortality, 138 intercessory prayer prospective randomized trials, cardiovascular disease, 141–145 noncardiovascular diseases, 146, 147 prospects, 147–150 mechanisms, 139, 140 popularity of use, 138 spirituality trials in cardiovascular care, 140, 141 types, 139 PTCA, see Percutaneous coronary angioplasty Pyridoxine, see Vitamin B6 Q Qigong, Web resources, 273, 274 R Rauwolfia, hypertension studies, 40, 41 reserpine mechanism of action, 41 Red wine, see also Resveratrol, cyclosporine interactions, 54 Red yeast rice, dyslipidemia studies, 42, 43 monacolin A mechanism of action, 42, 43 Religion, definition, 138 prayer, see Prayer Reserpine, hypertension studies, 40, 41 mechanism of action, 41 Resveratrol, cardiovascular benefit studies, 115 functions, 11 use guidelines, 115 S St. John’s wort, drug interactions, 53, 54 hyperforin content, 54 metabolism, 53, 54 Selenium, cardiovascular benefit studies, 114, 115 functions, 114 use guidelines, 115 Spirituality, definition, 138 prayer, see Prayer scales, 139 T Taurine, cardiovascular benefit studies, atherosclerosis prevention, 107 congestive heart failure, 106 functions, 106 use guidelines, 107 TCM, see Traditional Chinese medicine Tea, see Green tea TENS, see Transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), body elements, 170, 171 classical Chinese medical theory, 169, 170 doctor role, 168 intrinsic energy system, 202, 203 popularity of use, 13, 14 Transcendental meditation, see Meditation Transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS), see also Acupuncture, angina studies, 176–180 hypertension studies, 180, 181 ischemic skin flap studies, 180 placental ischemia studies, 182 U Ultrasound, therapy, 207, 208 V Vegetable oils, nutrients and bioactive compounds, 83–85
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Complementary and Alternative Cardi
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CONTEMPORARY CARDIOLOGY CHRISTOPHER
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© 2004 Humana Press Inc. 999 River
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vi Preface physician or other healt
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viii Contents 10 Massage Therapy an
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x Contributors ERIN L. OLIVO, PhD
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Chapter 1 / CAM and CVD 1 1 Complem
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Chapter 1 / CAM and CVD 3 patients
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