Complementary Alternative Cardiovascular Medicine

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150 Alternative Cardiovascular Medicine scientific study design with ethical compliance to standards for the protection of human subjects should be considered, like any patient participation in trials of novel therapeutics. However, any recommendations for physicians to prescribe prayer systematically apart from such protocols is premature. With no safety issues identified to date and recognizing the ancient and global cultural belief systems in the role of prayer in health and illness, spiritual support services can and should continue to be offered to patients charitably. They should also be evaluated as a component of health care systems and as part of an ongoing quality improvement in health care. If a patient or family wants to pray, the presence of an on-site chapel or a chaplain who can be of assistance is both reasonable and important. CONCLUSIONS Intercessory prayer trials have shown varied results. In cardiovascular medicine, two of three trials were interpreted as “positive” for intercessory prayer in CCU patients; however, the clinical relevance of the composite scores used is unclear. The third trial shows no benefit. Similarly, intercessory prayer trials conducted with other diseases use different methods and end points and have differing results. Further research should be conducted to ensure standardization of methods and terms, as well as the safety and efficacy of spirituality as an intervention. Questions exist regarding the validity of applying scientific methods to the study of a field that, by its nature, transcends science as we currently understand it. Regardless of the ability of the scientific and medical communities to provide data on prayer and clinical outcomes, many patients, their families, and their friends will undoubtedly continue to pray for themselves and their sick loved ones, with the goal of affecting outcomes, as well as providing spiritual support. REFERENCES 1. King DE, Bushwick B. Beliefs and attitudes of hospital inpatients about faith healing and prayer. J Fam Pract 1994;39:349–352. 2. Maugans TA, Wadland, WC. Religion and family medicine: a survey of physicians and patients. J Fam Pract 1991;32:210–213. 3. Eisenberg DM, Davis RB, Ettner SL, et al. Trends in alternative medicine use in the United States, 1990–1997: results of a follow-up national survey. JAMA 1998:280:1569–1575. 4. Princeton Religion Research Center. Religion in America. The Gallop Poll, Princeton, NJ, 1996. 5. Koenig HG, McCullough ME, Larson DB. Handbook of Religion and Health. Oxford University Press, London, 2001.
Chapter 9 /Prayer and CVD 151 6. Halperin, EC. Should academic medical centers conduct clinical trials of the efficacy of intercessory prayer? Acad Med 2001;76:791–797. 7. Astin, JA, Harkness E, Ernst E. The efficacy of “distant healing”: a systematic review of randomized trials. Ann Intern Med 2000;132:903–910. 8. Dossey L. Healing Words—The Power of Prayer and the Practice of Medicine. Harper, San Francisco, 1993. 9. Benor DJ. Spiritual Healing: Scientific Validation of a Healing Revolution. Vision Publications, 2001. 10. Byrd, RC. Positive therapeutic effects of intercessory prayer in a coronary care unit population. Southern Med J 1988;81:826–829. 11. Harris WS, Gowda M, Kolb JW, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of the effects of remote, intercessory prayer on outcomes in patients admitted to the coronary care unit. Arch Intern Med 1999;159:2273–2278. 12. Aviles JM, Whelan E, Hernke DA, et al. Intercessory prayer and cardiovascular disease progression in a coronary care unit population: a randomized controlled trial. Mayo Clin Proc 2001;76:1192–1198. 13. Krucoff MW, Crater SW, Green CL, et al. Integrative noetic therapies as adjuncts to percutaneous intervention during unstable coronary syndromes: Monitoring and Actualization of Noetic Training (MANTRA) feasibility pilot. Am Heart J 2001;142:760–767. 14. American College of Cardiology Clinical Expert Consensus Document on Alternative Medicine, September 2001. 15. Mueller PS, Plevak DJ, Rummans TA. Religious involvement, spirituality, and medicine: implications for clinical practice. Mayo Clin Proc 2001;76:1225–1235. 16. Matthews, DA, Marlowe, SM, MacNutt, FS. Effects of intercessory prayer on patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Southern Med J 2000;93:1177–1186. 17. Sicher F, Targ E, Moore D, Smith H. A randomized double-blind study of the effect of distant healing in a population with advanced AIDS. Western J Med 1998;169:356–363. 18. Kwang YC, Wirth DP, Lobo RA. Does prayer influence the success of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer? Report of a masked, randomized trial. J Reprod Med 2001;46781–787. 19. Chibnall JT, Jeral JM, Cerullo MA. Experiments on distant intercessory prayer. Arch Int Med 2001;161:2529–2536.
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Complementary and Alternative Cardi
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CONTEMPORARY CARDIOLOGY CHRISTOPHER
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© 2004 Humana Press Inc. 999 River
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vi Preface physician or other healt
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viii Contents 10 Massage Therapy an
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x Contributors ERIN L. OLIVO, PhD
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Chapter 1 / CAM and CVD 1 1 Complem
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Chapter 1 / CAM and CVD 3 patients
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Chapter 1 / CAM and CVD 5 The crite
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Chapter 1 / CAM and CVD 7 disease c
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Chapter 1 / CAM and CVD 9 analyses,
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12 Alternative Cardiovascular Medic
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Chapter 3 / Botanical Medicine and
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Chapter 5 / Vitamin Therapy and CVD
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Table 2 Type and Quantity of Dietar
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Table 2 (Continued) Type and Quanti
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Chapter 16 / A Guide for Physicians
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Index 279 INDEX A N-Acetylcysteine
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Index 281 taurine studies, 106 Conj
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Index 283 Homeopathic medicine, see
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Index 285 funding of studies, 148 g
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Contemporary Cardiology COMPLEMENTA
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