Complementary Alternative Cardiovascular Medicine

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116 Alternative Cardiovascular Medicine Role in CVD Although pantethine has no direct cardiovascular effects, it is believed to be a potent hypolipidemic agent. Gaddi et al. (65) studied the effect of pantethine (300 mg/3 times a day) in 29 patients with type IIb and IV hyperlipidemia for 8 wk in a double-blind protocol. Pantethine caused significant reduction in total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. It also elevated HDL cholesterol. Eto et al. (66) reported the effects of 9-mo therapy with pantethine in 16 patients with diabetes. The therapy group showed a significant reduction in plasma -thromboglobulin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, apo-E, and apo-CII levels. It also reduced platelets aggregability. CONCLUSION Some evidence discussed in this chapter suggests a favorable effect of nutrachemical supplementation in the prevention and treatment of certain cardiovascular disorders. Large, long-term controlled randomized studies are needed to evaluate their effect on patients and their interaction with conventional therapy before clinical use. To date, potential safety issues have been noted with carnitine in a small clinical trial. The long-term safety of other nutraceuticals is uncertain, given the absence of large long-term clinical trials. REFERENCES 1. Lerman A, Burnett JC, Higano ST, McKinley LJ, Holmes DR, Jr. Long-term Larginine supplementation improves small-vessel coronary endothelial function in humans. Circulation 1998;97:2123–2128. 2. Blum A, Porat R, Rosenchein U, et al. Clinical and inflammatory effects of dietary L-arginine in patients with intractable angina pectoris. Am J Cardiol 1999;15:1488–1490. 3. Adams MR, McCredie R, Jessup W, Robinson J, Sullivan D, Celermajer DS. Oral L-arginine improves endothelium-dependent dilatation and reduces monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells in young men with coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis 1997;129:261–269. 4. Bednarz B, Wolk R, Chamiec T, Herbaczynska-Cedro K, Winek D, Ceremuzynski L. Effects of oral L-arginine supplementation on exercise-induced QT dispersion and exercise tolerance in stable angina pectoris. Int J Cardiol 2000;75:205–210. 5. Blum A, Hathaway L, Mincemoyer R, et al. Oral L-arginine in patients with coronary artery disease on medical management. Circulation 2000;101:2160–2164. 6. Quyyumi AA. Does acute improvement of endothelial dysfunction in coronary artery disease improve myocardial ischemia? A double-blind comparison of parenteral D- and L-arginine. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998;32:904–911. 7. Boger RH, Bode-Boger SM, Thiele W, Alexander K, Frolich JC. Biochemical evidence for impaired nitric oxide synthesis in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease. Circulation 1997;95:2068–2074.
Chapter 7 / Nutrachemicals and CVD 117 8. Boger RH, Bode-Boger SM, Thiele W, Creutzig A, Alexander K, Frolich JC. Restoring vascular nitric oxide formation by L-arginine improves the symptoms of intermittent claudication in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998;32:1336–1344. 9. Katz AD, Khan T, Zeballos GA, et al. Decreased activity of the L-arginine-nitric oxide metabolic pathway in patients with congestive heart failure. Circulation 1999;99:2113–2117. 10. Bocchi EA, Moraes AV, Esteves-Filho A, et al. L-arginine reduces heart rate and improves hemodynamics in severe congestive heart failure. Clin Cardiol 2000;23:205–210. 11. Rector TS, Bank AJ, Mullen KA, et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of supplemental oral L-arginine in patients with heart failure. Circulation 1996;93:2135–2141. 12. Koifman B, Wollman Y, Bogomolny N, et al. Improvement of cardiac performance by intravenous infusion of L-arginine in patients with moderate congestive heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995;26:1251–1256. 13. Hambrecht R, Hilbrich L, Erbs S, et al. Correction of endothelial dysfunction in chronic heart failure: additional effects of exercise training and oral L-arginine supplementation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000;35:706–713. 14. Suzuki T, Hayase M, Hibi K, et al. Effect of local delivery of L-arginine on in-stent restenosis in humans. Am J Cardiol 2002;89:363–367. 15. Creager MA, Gallagher SJ, Girerd XJ, Coleman SM, Dzau VJ, Cook JP. L-arginine improves endothelial dependent vasodilation in hypercholesterolemic humans. J Clin Invest 1992;90:1248–1253. 16. Boger RH, Bode-Boger SM, Brandes RP, et al. Dietary L-arginine reduces the progression of atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits. Circulation 1997;96:1282–1290. 17. Toutouzas PC, Tousoulis D, Davies GJ. Nitric oxide synthesis in atherosclerosis. Eur Heart J 1998;19:1504–1511. 18. Mohri M, Ichiki T, Hirooka Y, Takeshita A. Endogenous nitric oxide prevents myocardial ischemia in patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy. Am Heart J 2002;143:684–689. 19. Houghton JL, Philbin EF, Strogatz DS, et al. The presence of African American race predicts improvement in coronary endothelial function after supplementary L-arginine. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002;39:1314–1322. 20. Azuma J, Sawamura A, Awata N, et al. Therapeutic effect of taurine in congestive heart failure: a double-blind cross over trial. Clin Cardiol 1985;8:276–282. 21. Azuma J, Sawamura A, Awata N. Usefulness of taurine in chronic heart failure and its prospective application. Jap Circ J 1992;56:95–99. 22. Jeejeebhoy F, Keith M, Freeman M, et al. Nutritional supplementation with MyoVive repletes essential cardiac myocyte nutrients and reduces left ventricular size in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. Am Heart J 2002;143:1092–1100. 23. Nonaka H, Tsujino T, Watari Y, Emoto N, Yokoyama M. Taurine prevents the decrease in expression and secretion of extracellular superoxide dismutase induced by homocysteine. Amelioration of homocysteine-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress by taurine. Circulation 2001;104:1165–1170. 24. Yamori Y, Nara Y, Ikeda K, Mizushima S. Is taurine a preventive nutritional factor of cardiovascular diseases or just a biological marker of nutrition? Adv Exp Med Biol 1996;403:623–629. 25. Langsjoen PH, Langsjoen PH, Folkers K. Long-term efficacy and safety of coenzyme Q10 therapy for idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol 1990;65:512–523.
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Complementary and Alternative Cardi
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CONTEMPORARY CARDIOLOGY CHRISTOPHER
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© 2004 Humana Press Inc. 999 River
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vi Preface physician or other healt
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viii Contents 10 Massage Therapy an
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x Contributors ERIN L. OLIVO, PhD
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Chapter 1 / CAM and CVD 1 1 Complem
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Chapter 1 / CAM and CVD 3 patients
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Chapter 1 / CAM and CVD 5 The crite
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Chapter 1 / CAM and CVD 7 disease c
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Chapter 1 / CAM and CVD 9 analyses,
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12 Alternative Cardiovascular Medic
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Index 279 INDEX A N-Acetylcysteine
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Index 281 taurine studies, 106 Conj
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Index 283 Homeopathic medicine, see
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Index 285 funding of studies, 148 g
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Contemporary Cardiology COMPLEMENTA
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