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a -- e C C P d dh e D g G Hf 9 AH. ~Hi40 K L L0 n Nu NuB Nu st Nut P P* Pr q gmax r exponents in Eq.(15); constant in Eq.(15); NOMENCLATURE specific heat of platinum; heater diameter; heated equivalent diameter (=(D2-d2)/d); diameter of test section; acceleration due to gravity; mass velocity; latent heat of vaporization; enthalpy of inlet subcooling; enthalpy of 40 K inlet subcooling; parameter for the effect of inlet subcooling; heater length; Laplace coefficient (_ exponent; Nusselt number (=a-LA ). g(PaP)); Lv boiling Nusselt number defined in Eq.(4); steady state non-boiling Nusselt number (=a stL/XZ); transient non-boiling Nusselt number (=at rL/X L); pressure; nondimensional pressure defined in Eq.(4); Prandtl number; heat flux; maximum heat flux; 31
gmax ,0 gmax ,st gmax ,st00 gmax ,tr Q r R - Re ReB t T T m T sat ATsat ATsub T w u U Greek a ast atr e symbols maximum heat flux at zero subcooling; steady state maximum heat flux; steady state maximum heat flux at zero flow and zero subcooling; transient maximum heat flux; heat generation rate per unit volume; radial position; radius of test section; Reynolds number (=UL/V/); boiling Reynolds number defined in Eq.(4); time; temperature; mean temperature of heater; saturation temperature; wall superheat (=T T sat); inlet subcooling; wall temperature; local liquid velocity; mean liquid velocity; heat transfer coefficient; steady state non-boiling heat transfer coefficient; transient non-boiling heat transfer coefficient; parameter for the effect of inlet subcooling defined in Eq.(8-l); 32
Page 2: TRANSIENT BOILING AND TWO-PHASE FLO
Page 6: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to ex
Page 9 and 10: parallel to the water flow. The eff
Page 11 and 12: entrance and developed region of th
Page 13 and 14: vni
Page 15 and 16: II.3 II .2 II.4 II.5 II.6 II.7 II.8
Page 17 and 18: VI.3 VI.4 VI.2.1 VI.2.2 VI.2.3 VI.2
Page 19 and 20: high. The boiling phenomena under v
Page 21 and 22: • under zero liquid flow rate ( i
Page 24: CHAPTER I FORCED CONVECTIVE BOILING
Page 27 and 28: There have been two groups of works
Page 29 and 30: no direct interaction between the o
Page 31 and 32: On the other hand,the instantaneous
Page 33 and 34: - The properties were taken at film
Page 35 and 36: In Fig.9(a) is shown the effect of
Page 37 and 38: in a 19 mm i.d. tube with water and
Page 39 and 40: long heater. The transient non-boil
Page 41 and 42: shifts towards higher wall superhea
Page 43 and 44: Figures 27(a) and (b) show the effe
Page 45 and 46: where E is given by Eq.(8-2) E = 0
Page 47: decreasing period and increased wit
Page 51 and 52: REFERENCES 1. Rosenthal,M.W.,"An ex
Page 53 and 54: (1954). 21. Kutateladze,S.S., Heat
Page 55 and 56: 0 obtained by consulting a text boo
Page 57 and 58: o Cooling Water Storage Tank Pump S
Page 59 and 60: Fig.3 Z 10 Comparative coefficient
Page 61 and 62: 0 E N lo' 106 105 Fig.4(b) The effe
Page 63 and 64: E N 107 106 105 1 Fig.4(d) P = 0.14
Page 65 and 66: Z N. m a) EX m 10 Fig.5 O 0 Compara
Page 67 and 68: 0 N E X as E O' 15 0 0 Fig.6(b) 0.2
Page 69 and 70: N E 2 E 0 0 Fig.6(d) 0.396 MPa 1,2
Page 71 and 72: X Ln '-S N E }---..... } 2 E 0 0 Fi
Page 73 and 74: Ui rn 1 N E X m E Q' 0 Fig.7(d) 1 T
Page 75 and 76: x Ln Co N E ro E 0 Fig.8(b) 1 The v
Page 77 and 78: 0 (N E x b E cr 15 10 0 0 Fig.9(a)
Page 79 and 80: j V c G 14 12 10 Fig .10 The variat
Page 81 and 82: E rn N rd E Cr Fig.12 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Page 83 and 84: '.9 fS ~; x~ Photo.1 Steady state b
Page 85 and 86: ^ CO TA 7 z D Z 10 1 0.1 \(1) (2) (
Page 87 and 88: " E cr Fig.16(b) 107 106 1o5 1 The
Page 89 and 90: N V 1 o 7 106 105 Fig.17(b) 1 10100
Page 91 and 92: E N 1 106 105 2 Fig.18(a) P=0.396 M
Page 93 and 94: iv 15 E x E (710 0 0.0 01 A Fig.19(
Page 95 and 96: 2 X CO 20 cy 15 ro E °10 5 0 0.001
Page 97 and 98: • CO 0 cv 15 E ' E °'10 0.001 Fi
Page 99 and 100:
03 N E 2 rd E o- Fig.20(a) The and
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00 E15 x rtl E 0'10 20 5 0 0.001 Fi
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00 2 co E o- Fig,20(e) The variatio
Page 105 and 106:
00 CO I' rd 20 15 cr 10 5 0.0 01 Fi
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0 20 c+ 15 E x rd oor 10 5 01------
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Ni C15 2 20 x ro E o10 5 0 0.001 Ty
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20 N 15 E 2 E °r10 5 0 0.0 01 Fig.
Page 113 and 114:
CN 20 (C" 15 E x CT 10 5 0t- 0.001
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CO Fig.24(d) The variation and velo
Page 117 and 118:
0 0 0.001 Fig.25(b) 0.01 The variat
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O N N E 2 X rd' E 0 20 15 10 5 0 U.
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0E 0 -P- N 2 x g E 0' 20 15 10 0 5
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• O 0' N E 2 rd E ET' 20 0.01 Fig
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• F-' O m 0 o0.1 QIQ rd CT 4- I c
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110
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112
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of these works, the transient heat
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Y pendicular to the flat plate. v i
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One assumes temperature distributio
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u for x*>t*h* = -------------------
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value oft and is given by solving f
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v v Here, S is a thickness of veloc
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*1.5* for -ln[1-{1-exp(-5.67Pr x )}
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previous cases St =)76{ 1 - exp(-t*
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' u = (i)l/7 u~ S 1.7(69) T -TT= 1
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Equation (79) was derived based on
Page 151 and 152:
The asymptotic value of the transie
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the transient heat flux attains the
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Greek Letters dtThermal boundarylay
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10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18
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C a) . V F-- 4- 3 ~~U -~xL . (1.;L
Page 161 and 162:
s 10 - s \ 6- 4- 2- 0- 0.01 Slug Fl
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ON Fig.5 3 2 1 0 0.01 Thermal bound
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00 * s Fig. 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0.01 Lami
Page 167 and 168:
ln 0 * Fig.9 J 6 P. 4 3 2 1 0 Turbu
Page 169 and 170:
Ln N N O I X a) CC Ln N O X (0 CD N
Page 171 and 172:
154
Page 173 and 174:
icantly influenced by the amount of
Page 175 and 176:
Substituting Eqs. (3) and (4) into
Page 177 and 178:
]]I. 3 DROPLET GENERATION BY ENTRAI
Page 179 and 180:
In the entrainment regime of entrai
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Ia. 4 MEAN DROPLET SIZE AND SIZE DI
Page 183 and 184:
and the volume fraction oversize A
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p-1/3u2/3 We(D ~) = 0.0099 Reg/3pgu
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a a. 1 a. 1W Ad A. iw CD C g C w D
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7- 8. 9. 10. 11.
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34. Mugele, R. A. and Ind. Eng. Che
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n WAVE REG Ti 0' r ION VOLUME Vw SU
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I pr) M M \ N CO a) a) 100 10-2 10-
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N Io° - J 10-1 M N CO M iCI_ CT ;:
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N C\J C311 us-- N) QQ CS' I 1.4 C\J
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C '14- cacri N C:51 N CC I0~ 10-I 1
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• N ~-1 M J,~-- ~ I Q. M N a) C C
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M rr) ..I~ N IQ Cr) CD Fig. 14. 100
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B I 00 NA D vm D max *_ D 10' D 20'
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192
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IV. 2 PREVIOUS WORKS In annular two
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it has been thought that a sufficie
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C = pf j Jfevq1 gvfe+ ifevg(10) or
Page 217 and 218:
IV. 4 ENTRAINMENT RATE CORRELATION
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• E= 0 .022 pfjfRef-0.26E0.74_(26
Page 221 and 222:
• uD= 6.6 x 10-7 Re0.74 Re0.185 W
Page 223 and 224:
where the equilibrium rate is given
Page 225 and 226:
f uD= 1.2 x 103RefReff..Reffm-0.25W
Page 227 and 228:
f Figures 8 through 12 show the com
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droplet impingements and deposition
Page 231 and 232:
where E is given by For The E = tan
Page 233 and 234:
a W C C D E E ., g jf 'fe Jg k Ref
Page 235 and 236:
1 2 3 4 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10 11 12 13
Page 237 and 238:
29. Brodkey, R. S., "The Phenomena
Page 239 and 240:
N 9 W 'W C) 67 -z 10 103 -4 10 105
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•W 0.1 0.01 0 0 0.2 Fig. 3. Entra
Page 243 and 244:
s •w 10 1 0.1 0.01 0 0 a 0.2 Fig.
Page 245 and 246:
.W 10 I o .) L1I 0 0.2 0.4 E/Em Fig
Page 247 and 248:
I. _ I J w W a W 4 '4d 0.1 0.01 Fig
Page 249 and 250:
4 E•- 1- U.! CC w w CL X w 'W I0
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w w 9 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 I.0 0
Page 253 and 254:
1.0 0.8 0.6 04 0.2 8 0.0 1.0 0.8 0.
Page 255 and 256:
1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 1.0 0.8 0.6
Page 257 and 258:
1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 1.0 0.8 8 0
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1.0 0.8 0.6 0.2 0.4 I.0 0.8 8 0 .6
Page 261 and 262:
LO 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 1.0 0.8 8 0.
Page 263 and 264:
1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 1.0 0.8 8 0
Page 265 and 266:
. 1.0 0.8 0.4 0.2 1.0 0.8 8 0 .6 0.
Page 267 and 268:
w 8 2.0 L8 1.6 I.4 1.2 1 .0 0.8 0.6
Page 269 and 270:
252
Page 271 and 272:
254
Page 273 and 274:
satisfactory correlations which pre
Page 275 and 276:
a j* 99 =jagOp1/4(3) 2 pg where a,
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P Then where Dc r 4j p)2]1/3 g the
Page 279 and 280:
o Droplets ejected from the interfa
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height from the pool surface. Howev
Page 283 and 284:
Substituting Eqs. (32) through (35)
Page 285 and 286:
dv pfD a€-f = Ti - opgD ,(43) whe
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liquid level is very low, i.e., 5-6
Page 289 and 290:
Substituting Eq. (63) into Eq. (54)
Page 291 and 292:
and Y jr (vr+j g )dt (72) Equation
Page 293 and 294:
Equation where vh vh (79) 0 2h* can
Page 295 and 296:
On is the other hand, in annular-di
Page 297 and 298:
In Fig. 6, the general trend of the
Page 299 and 300:
* ~ • This Efg(h,jg) = 2.213 N1.5
Page 301 and 302:
f(DJj) =C1()fl5j*1.5 D*0.5(105) gp3
Page 303 and 304:
-4 *3 0.5p ()_1.0 Efg(h,jg) = 7.13
Page 305 and 306:
h* = 1.038 x 103 jgN095 0.23 DH0.42
Page 307 and 308:
E fg (h,jg ) =2. 213 N1.5D*1 jigH .
Page 309 and 310:
(1) Total Droplet Flux- In this wor
Page 311 and 312:
intermediate gas flux regimes given
Page 313 and 314:
g(v. h h* hm h+ m d *qc jfe jf 'fd
Page 315 and 316:
REFERENCES 1. Ishii, M. and Grolmes
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30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38.
Page 319 and 320:
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72
Page 321 and 322:
and Here pool and Equation gas phas
Page 323 and 324:
0 0 uJ -3 I0 -4 10 -5 10 -6 I0 104
Page 325 and 326:
* N vt v- M Sc CP } 10 4 103 2 I0 0
Page 327 and 328:
ca._ a cri E cl:- cv ._ > 1 .2 1 .0
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w Cn Cn I0 -2 -3 10 I0 -4 -5 I0 -4
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U../ -2 10 -3 10 -4 10 -5 I0 -4 10
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W -2 10 -3 10 -4 10 I05 Fig. 11. Co
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CP Q1 .4w I0 -2 -3 10 -4 I0 105 Fig
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Q, v CT W 10 I0 -2 -3 -4 I0 -5 I0 -
Page 339 and 340:
w CP CP -2 10 I0 I0 -3 -4 -6 10 Fig
Page 341 and 342:
• • Fig. 19. M 0 CL. a 101 100
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N CD -2 I0 -3 177'10 c, -4 0 cn -5
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w co Table II. Summary of Various E
Page 347 and 348:
330
Page 349 and 350:
equations. However, the same approa
Page 351 and 352:
The U. = ui/uo Li = t./to T = t U0i
Page 353 and 354:
where ai' asi' ted perimeter di = 4
Page 355 and 356:
uoRu uom opqoR(pCp =gaoR2 R doR'OR(
Page 357 and 358:
In contrast to the design parameter
Page 359 and 360:
• R _Hydraulic Diameter Ratio diR
Page 361 and 362:
• For A scale model can be design
Page 363 and 364:
The similarity criteria based on th
Page 365 and 366:
m where the total flux j is given b
Page 367 and 368:
By assuming an axially uniform heat
Page 369 and 370:
t _ 0 to density change. In two-pha
Page 371 and 372:
Negligible Effects of Viscosity Rat
Page 373 and 374:
SR gRQR d = 1 R uR (AHsub)R 1 .(102
Page 375 and 376:
It is noted that the above conditio
Page 377 and 378:
In the present study, only general
Page 379 and 380:
Pr P qs Qs q„ c R Re St t T Ts Ts
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1. 2. 3 4 5 6 7 8. 9. • • • 1
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W 01 DOWN 1COMMER PUMP ,-. P1 SINGL
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L FROM PUMP H DOWN - COMMER UPPER C
Page 387 and 388:
370
Page 389 and 390:
Concerning a LOCA and subsequent re
Page 391:
turbulent flow regime. For a two-ph
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