Measures for Progress: A History of the National Bureau of Standards

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The Visiting Committee of the Secretary of Commerce to the Bureau in the mid-1920's. Left to right: Dr. Stratton, president of MIT; Ambrose Swasey, founder of Warner & Swasey; Dr. Burgess, Director of NBS; W. R. Whitney, director of research, General Electric Corp.; W. F. Durand, professor of mechanical engineering at Leland Stanford University and president of the American Society of Mechanical Engineering; and Gano Dunn, president of I. G. White & Co.
244 THE TIDE OF COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY (1920-30) Within a year after the war most of the research projects diverted or laid aside in 1917 had been resumed. They were increased now by con- tinuing weapons research for the military, by the optical glass and gage work, investigations on behalf of industry and the public utilities, and the programs in housing technology, specifications, and simplified practice re- cently established by the Secretary of Commerce. in certain areas, as in textiles, automotive engineering, and utilities, Bureau plans for research were to be modified as the decade pro- gressed, owing to the organization or expansion of industrial research laboratories as the trade association movement grew, to increased research by public utilities, and to the rise of private research organizations.68 Where this occurred, the Bureau entered into cooperative investigations with technical committees set up by the associations. Further assistance was rendered by accepting increasing numbers of research associates to work in the Bureau laboratories. Despite its steady expansion of interest in industrial research, the Bureau both before and after the war carried out considerable basic research, much of it in determination and refinement of physical constants, NBS Annual Report 1924, p. 22, was to say that the ceramic industry, for example, had begun doing much of its own plant development and practical research, permitting the Bureau to pay "more attention to the fundamentals required by the industry." Dr. Paul R. Heyl of the mechanics and sound division making observations for his redetermination of the constant of gravitation, probably in the block house constructed behind West building for the project.
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Rexmond C. Cochrane MP 275 UNITED S
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Grateful acknowledgment is made to
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IV FOREWORD There are many examples
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VI PREFACE Vannevar Bush, architect
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VIII AUTHOR'S INTRODUCTION so many
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CONTENTS Page FOREWORD 'U PREFACE v
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CONTENTS XIII Chapter II. FOUNDING
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CONTENTS XV Chapter III. ELECTRICIT
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CONTENTS XVII Chapter IV. THE WAR Y
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CONTENTS Chapter V. THE TIDE OF COM
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CONTENTS XXI Chapter VII. WORLD WAR
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XXIV CONTENTS THE CRUCIAL DECADE—
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MAIN STREET, 1900 AT THE TURN OF TH
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MAIN STREET, 1900 The marvel of the
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MAIN STREET, 1900 5 prosperous more
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MAIN STREET, 1900 Equally amazing w
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THE SHAPE OF THINGS TO COME 9 Among
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THE SHAPE OF THINGS TO COME 11 make
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THE SHAPE OF THINGS TO COME 13 stit
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THE SHAPE OF THINGS TO COME 15 comm
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GOVERNMENT, SCIENCE, AND THE GENERA
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GOVERNMENT, SCIENCE, AND THE GENERA
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LOOKING BACK 21 was maintained only
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LOOKING BACK 23 general public. Ada
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LOOKING BACK 25 many more as he cou
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LOOKING BACK 27 barometric pressure
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LOOKING BACK 29 Prototypes of the w
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LOOKING BACK 31 Without the force o
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LAISSEZ-FAIRE STANDARDS 33 necessar
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LAISSEZ-FAIRE STANDARDS 35 the Stat
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LAISSEZ-FAIRE STANDARDS 37 Some of
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A NATiONAL NEED . . . A NATIONAL HU
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A NATiONAL NEED . . . A NATIONAL HU
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A NATIONAL NEED .. . A NATIONAL HUM
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A NATIONAL NEED . . . A NATIONAL HU
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A NATIONAL NEED . . . A NATIONAL HU
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SAMUEL WESLEY STRATTON FOUNDING THE
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SAMUEL WESLEY STRATTON 51 fessor of
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SAMUEL WESLEY STRATTON ing Professo
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SAMUEL WESLEY STRATTON 55 For over
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Dr. Frank A. Wolff, Jr., who was ab
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SAMUEL WESLEY STRATTON 59 TIlE EVEN
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SAMUEL WESLEY STRATTON appeared as
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EDWARD B. ROSA 63 Dr. Edward B. Ros
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EDWARD B. ROSA 65 Free exercise of
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EDWARD B. ROSA 67 Dr. Charles W. Wa
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THE NEW BUREAU LABORATORIES 69 exer
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THE NEW BUREAU LABORATORIES 71 Chas
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ACQUIRING NATIONAL STANDARDS 73 mad
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ACQUIRING NATIONAL STANDARDS Divisi
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ACQUIRING NATIONAL STANDARDS 77 ref
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ACQUIRING NATIONAL STANDARDS 79 in
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ACQUIRiNG NATIONAL STANDARDS The wo
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AN AUTUMN FIRE AND A CONSUMERS' CRU
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The Baltimore fire of 1904. The tur
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AN AUTUMN FIRE AND A CONSUMERS' CRU
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AN: AUTUMN FIRE AND CONSUMERS' CRUS
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THE BEGINNING OF GOVERNMENT TESTING
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THE BEGINNING OF 93 gates, poured c
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The Bureau about 1910, just prior t
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The 2,300,000-pound Emery testing m
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THE BEGiNNING OF GOVERNMENT TESTING
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THE BEGINNING OF GOVERNMENT TESTING
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STANDARDS FOR THE AGE OF ELECTRICIT
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STANDARDS FOR THE AGE OF ELECTRICiT
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STANDARDS FOR PUBLiC UTILITIES 111
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Laboratory setup for testing the ca
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STANDARDS FOR PUBLIC UTILITIES 115
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The first iVBS railway scale test c
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TESTING GOVERNMENT MATERIALS 125 Go
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TESTING GOVERNMENT MATERIALS 127 an
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TESTING GOVERNMENT MATERIALS 129 se
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TESTING GOVERNMENT MATERIALS 131 In
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STANDARDS FOR THE CONSUMER 133 in t
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136 ELECTRICITY, RAILROADS, AND RAD
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148 ELECTRICiTY, RAILROADS, AND RAD
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cJ1 OF COMME The proliferation of B
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152 ELECTRiCITY, RAILROADS, AND RAD
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154 ELECTRICITY, RAiLROADS, AND RAD
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160 THE WAR YEARS (1917-19) design.
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162 THE WAR YEARS (1917-19) and Gov
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164 Abate, the experimental roiling
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Mule teams leveling the ground for
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C' The Standard Store and gas stati
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170 THE WAR YEARS (1917-19) physici
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172 THE WAR YEARS (1917-19) it was
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174 THE WAR YEARS (1917-19) where t
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176 THE WAR YEARS (1917-19) industr
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178 THE WAR YEARS (1917-19) cut fro
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180 THE WAR YEARS (1917-19) flew at
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182 THE WAR YEARS (1917-19) Except
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184 THE WAR YEARS (1917-19) But so
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186 THE WAR YEARS (1917-19) make it
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OPTICAL GLASS AND OPTICAL INSTRUMEN
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NEW THINGS IN RADIO COMMUNICATION 1
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Page 223 and 224: 198 THE WAR YEARS (1917-19) The use
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Page 235 and 236: 210 . THE WAR YEARS (1917-19) estab
Page 237 and 238: 212 THE WAR YEARS (1917-19) trade f
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Page 243 and 244: 218 THE WAR YEARS (1917-19) tripled
Page 245 and 246: The Physikalisch-Technische Reichsa
Page 247 and 248: 222 THE TIDE OF COMMERCE AND INDUST
Page 257 and 258: 232 THE TIDE OF COMMERCE AND iNDUST
Page 263 and 264: 238 Unlike Stratton, Dr. George K.
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Page 270 and 271: GEORGE KIMBALL BURGESS 245 and ofte
Page 272 and 273: GEORGE KIMBALL BURGESS 247 Bureau n
Page 274 and 275: BUiLDING AND HOUSING 249 Although i
Page 276 and 277: BUILDING AND HOUSING 251 The spring
Page 278 and 279: THE CRUSADE FOR STANDARDIZATION 253
Page 280 and 281: THE CRUSADE FOR STANDARDIZATiON 255
Page 288 and 289: RESEARCH FOR INDUSTRY 263 RESEARCH
Page 290 and 291: RESEARCH FOR INDUSTRY 265 appliance
Page 292 and 293: RESEARCH FOR INDUSTRY 267 molasses
Page 294 and 295: RESEARCH FOR INDUSTRY quest of the
Page 303 and 304: 278 Freighted with apparatus design
Page 310 and 311: AUTOMOBILES AND AIRCRAFT 285 Testin
Page 312 and 313: POLICING THE ETHER 287 circuit crys
Page 314 and 315: POLICING THE ETHER 289 died in comm
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POLICING THE ETHER 293 Bureau turne
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POLICING THE ETHER 295 a special hi
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POLICING THE ETHER 297 and radiotel
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THE BUREAU IN THE PUBLIC VIEW THE T
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THE BUREAU IN THE PUBLIC VIEW 301 t
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THE BUREAU IN THE PUBLIC VIEW 303 l
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THE BUREAU IN THE PUBLiC VIEW 305 e
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THE BUREAU IN THE PUBLIC VIEW 307 a
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LYMAN JAMES BRIGGS 309 the wake of
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LYMAN JAMES BRIGGS 311 The Bureau w
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LYMAN JAMES BRIGGS 313 Receiving th
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Dr. Hugh L. Dryden made some of thi
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LYMAN JAMES BRJGGS 317 active inter
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LYMAN JAMES BRJGGS 319 new administ
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TOWARD A REDEFINiTION OF BUREAU FUN
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TOWARD A REDEFINITION OF BUREAU FUN
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TOWARD A REDEFINiTION OF BUREAU FUN
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SOME FUNDAMENTAL WORK ON STANDARDS
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342 THE TIME OF THE GREAT DEPRESSIO
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348 THE TiME OF THE GREAT DEPRESSIO
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366 WORLD WAR II RESEARCH (1941-45)
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370 WORLD WAR I! RESEARCH (1941-45)
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• amounts 376 WORLD WAR II RESEAR
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THE BUREAU AND THE ATOMIC BOMB 387
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THE RADIO PROXIMiTY FUZE 389 ness o
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THE RADIO PROXIMITY FUZE 391 A vari
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THE RADIO PROXIMiTY FUZE 393 Actual
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THE RADIO PROXIMITY FUZE 395 and ot
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THE RADIO PROXIMITY FUZE 397 Novemb
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A GUIDED MISSILE CALLED THE BAT 399
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A GUIDED MISSILE CALLED THE BAT 401
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RADIO AND RADIO-WEATHER PREDICTING
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RADIO AND RADIO-WEATHER PREDICTING
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RADIO AND RADIO-WEATHER PREDiCTING
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RADIO AND RADIO-WEATHER PREDICTiNG
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RESEARCH IN CRITICAL MATERIALS 411
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RESEARCH IN CRITICAL lilA TERIALS 4
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RESEARCH IN CRiTICAL MATERIALS 415
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RESEARCH ZN CRiTiCAL MATERIALS 419
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"THE PECULIAR PEACE" THE NEW WORLD
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THE PECULIAR PEACE cated the fissio
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THE PECULIAR PEACE Further augmenti
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THE PECULIAR PEACE 433 Dr. Briggs a
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EDWARD UHLER CONDON weapon and the
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EDWARD UHLER CONDON While at Prince
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440 THE NEW WORLD OF SCIENCE (1946-
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45O THE NEW' WORLD OF SCiENCE (1946
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'a 452 THE NEW WORLD OF SCIENCE (19
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458 THE NEW WORLD OF SCIENCE (1946
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One of the three giunt IVurtsburg a
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496 THE CRUCIAL DECADE—AN EN VOl
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498 THE CRUCIAL DECADE—AN ENVO! s
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500 THE CRUCiAL DECADE—AN EN VOl
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502 THE CRUCIAL DECI4DE—AN EN VOl
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C).' Gaithersburg, showing the high
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510 THE CRUCIAL DECADE—AN EN VU!
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C,' The Visiting Committee of Comme
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514 The Exchequer standard corn gal
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516 APPENDIX A Hassler, a man highl
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518 APPENDIX A When he made known h
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520 APPENDIX A Hassler sets up camp
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522 APPENDIX A A new employment cam
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524 APPENDIX A thizing with a chara
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526 APPENDIX A possessed the scient
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528 APPENDIX B As the more practica
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530 APPENDIX B republican regime, a
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APPENDiX B him by Tralles. Thus fro
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APPENDIX B 535 By the 1930's metric
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APPENDIX C BASIC LEGISLATION Relati
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APPENDIX C For construction and ver
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APPENDIX C Eighth. The unit of indu
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APPENDIX C 543 Act of 4 March 1909
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APPENDIX C 545 Provided, That the m
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APPENDIX C Economy Act of 30 June 1
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APPENDIX C 549 For the establishmen
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APPENDIX C 551 (f) Invention and de
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554 APPENDIX C Act of 20 June 1956,
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558 APPENDIX E Term GANO DUNN Presi
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NBS SPECIAL APPROPRIATIONS, 1910-19
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1500 APPENDIX I PUBLICATIONS BY THE
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568 APPENDIX I Reorganization of NB
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APPENDIX J DIVISION. AND SECTION CH
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CHIEFS OF THE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNI
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DIRECTOR CHIEFS OF THE SCIENTIFIC A
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WARTIME PROJECTS OF THE SCIENTIFIC
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APPENDIX 1 Radio Communications Sec
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APPENDIX J WEIGHTS AND MEASURES Fis
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APPENDIX J Airplane Power Plant—C
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APPENDIX J I 585 Electrochemistry E
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APPENDIX J Aviation Instruments—C
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APPENDIX / 589 Steel, Concrete, Cem
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DIRECTOR CHIEFS OF THE SCIENTIFIC A
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APPENDIX 1 VI. ENGINEERING PHYSICS
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APPENDIX J III. HEAT AND POWER—Co
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DIRECTOR Assistant Director for Res
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APPENDIX 1 IX. CLAY AND SILICATE PR
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APPENDIX 1 III. HEAT AND POWER—Co
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DIRECFOR Assistant to the Director
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APPENDIX J VII. ORGANIC AND FIBROUS
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DIRECTOR ASSISTANT DIRECTOR L ELECT
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APPENDIX / 609 VI. MECHANICS AND SO
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APPENDIX 1 611 ORDNANCE DEVELOPMENT
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APPENDIX J 613 II. METROLOGY—Cont
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APPENDIX / 615 VIII. METALLURGY—C
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APPENDIX 1 617 FIELD STATIONS Brook
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APPENDIX J I. ELECTRICITY AND ELECT
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APPENDIX 1 621 VII. ORGANIC AND FIB
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APPENDIX J 623 84. Radio Standards
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APPENDIX 1 H. METROLOGY—Continued
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APPENDIX J X. BUILDING RESEARCH—C
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APPENDIX 1 83. Radio Propagation En
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NBS PUBLICATIONS S T RP C H M BMS L
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APPENDIX K 4. OPTICS 5. CHEMISTRY 6
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APPENDIX K 635 Lowell & Willoughby,
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APPENDIX K 637 5. CHEMISTRY Judd, C
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APPENDIX K 639 9. CERAMICS French &
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APPENDIX K 641 Gardner, Design and
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APPENDIX K 643 Kline & Malmberg, Su
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APPENDIX K 645 McPherson, Adaptor f
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APPENDIX K Thomas, Driscoll & Hippl
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I.- C,) z IC, a -J LAND PURCHASES
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652 APPENDIX M Samuel W. Stratton a
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654 APPENDIX M Sometime after settl
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Scenes at the summer picnics that D
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a' The Bureau of Standards Orchestr
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660 APPENDIX M the American consul
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Alt, Franz L., Electronic digital c
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APPENDIX N 665 Harriman, Norman Fol
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APPENDIX N 667 hydrocarbons and rel
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670 APPENDIX 0 Bldg. No. 33 34 35 3
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672 APPENDIX 0 Estimated Estimated
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674 PUBLISHED SOURCES on World War
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676 PUBLISHED SOURCES Marshall, Log
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678 PUBLISHED SOURCES Biographies,
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680 UNPUBLISHED SOURCES Seventeen o
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INDEX Note: Only those members of t
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INDEX BELL, Alexander Graham, 210 B
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iNDEX Colorimetry section, NBS, 170
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690 iNDEX GARDNER, Washington (Cong
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692 inventions at NBS (see NBS staf
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694 metric legislation, 209, 210—
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696 INDEX National Bureau of Standa
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698 PRIEST, Irwin C., 99n, 186, 196
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700 screw thread standardization, 3
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702 INDEX testing machines, 96 text
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INDEX WALKER, Percy H., 155 WALLACE
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Measures for Progress: A History of the National Bureau of Standards

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