Measures for Progress: A History of the National Bureau of Standards

More documents

Recommendations

Info

THE LEGACY LEFT TO Us 219 but henceforth the Bureau declared itself "fundamentally concerned, either directly or indirectly, with the improvement of methods of production or the quality of the output" of industry. It thus occupied "somewhat the same position with respect to the manufacturing interests of this country that the bureaus of the Department of Agriculture do to the agriculture interests." Such was the intention of the Bureau when, with the incoming Harding ad- ministration, Herbert Hoover became the new Secretary of Commerce. NBS Annual Report 1919, p. 21. The Exchecquer standard wine gallon of Queen Anne, 1707.
The Physikalisch-Technische Reichsanstalt at Charlottenburg, Germany. It was, said Dr. Rosa after a visit there, "an illustrious example of how much can be accomplished where research and testing are combined in one institution." (MS speech in NBS Box 22, PRA 1901-03.)
Page 1 and 2:
Rexmond C. Cochrane MP 275 UNITED S
Page 3 and 4:
Grateful acknowledgment is made to
Page 5 and 6:
IV FOREWORD There are many examples
Page 7 and 8:
VI PREFACE Vannevar Bush, architect
Page 9 and 10:
VIII AUTHOR'S INTRODUCTION so many
Page 11 and 12:
CONTENTS Page FOREWORD 'U PREFACE v
Page 13 and 14:
CONTENTS XIII Chapter II. FOUNDING
Page 15 and 16:
CONTENTS XV Chapter III. ELECTRICIT
Page 17 and 18:
CONTENTS XVII Chapter IV. THE WAR Y
Page 19 and 20:
CONTENTS Chapter V. THE TIDE OF COM
Page 21:
CONTENTS XXI Chapter VII. WORLD WAR
Page 24 and 25:
XXIV CONTENTS THE CRUCIAL DECADE—
Page 26 and 27:
MAIN STREET, 1900 AT THE TURN OF TH
Page 28 and 29:
MAIN STREET, 1900 The marvel of the
Page 30 and 31:
MAIN STREET, 1900 5 prosperous more
Page 32 and 33:
MAIN STREET, 1900 Equally amazing w
Page 34 and 35:
THE SHAPE OF THINGS TO COME 9 Among
Page 36 and 37:
THE SHAPE OF THINGS TO COME 11 make
Page 38 and 39:
THE SHAPE OF THINGS TO COME 13 stit
Page 40 and 41:
THE SHAPE OF THINGS TO COME 15 comm
Page 42 and 43:
GOVERNMENT, SCIENCE, AND THE GENERA
Page 44 and 45:
GOVERNMENT, SCIENCE, AND THE GENERA
Page 46 and 47:
LOOKING BACK 21 was maintained only
Page 48 and 49:
LOOKING BACK 23 general public. Ada
Page 50 and 51:
LOOKING BACK 25 many more as he cou
Page 52 and 53:
LOOKING BACK 27 barometric pressure
Page 54 and 55:
LOOKING BACK 29 Prototypes of the w
Page 56 and 57:
LOOKING BACK 31 Without the force o
Page 58 and 59:
LAISSEZ-FAIRE STANDARDS 33 necessar
Page 60 and 61:
LAISSEZ-FAIRE STANDARDS 35 the Stat
Page 62 and 63:
LAISSEZ-FAIRE STANDARDS 37 Some of
Page 64 and 65:
A NATiONAL NEED . . . A NATIONAL HU
Page 66 and 67:
A NATiONAL NEED . . . A NATIONAL HU
Page 68 and 69:
A NATIONAL NEED .. . A NATIONAL HUM
Page 70 and 71:
A NATIONAL NEED . . . A NATIONAL HU
Page 72 and 73:
A NATIONAL NEED . . . A NATIONAL HU
Page 74 and 75:
SAMUEL WESLEY STRATTON FOUNDING THE
Page 76 and 77:
SAMUEL WESLEY STRATTON 51 fessor of
Page 78 and 79:
SAMUEL WESLEY STRATTON ing Professo
Page 80 and 81:
SAMUEL WESLEY STRATTON 55 For over
Page 82 and 83:
Dr. Frank A. Wolff, Jr., who was ab
Page 84 and 85:
SAMUEL WESLEY STRATTON 59 TIlE EVEN
Page 86 and 87:
SAMUEL WESLEY STRATTON appeared as
Page 88 and 89:
EDWARD B. ROSA 63 Dr. Edward B. Ros
Page 90 and 91:
EDWARD B. ROSA 65 Free exercise of
Page 92 and 93:
EDWARD B. ROSA 67 Dr. Charles W. Wa
Page 94 and 95:
THE NEW BUREAU LABORATORIES 69 exer
Page 96 and 97:
THE NEW BUREAU LABORATORIES 71 Chas
Page 98 and 99:
ACQUIRING NATIONAL STANDARDS 73 mad
Page 100 and 101:
ACQUIRING NATIONAL STANDARDS Divisi
Page 102 and 103:
ACQUIRING NATIONAL STANDARDS 77 ref
Page 104 and 105:
ACQUIRING NATIONAL STANDARDS 79 in
Page 106 and 107:
ACQUIRiNG NATIONAL STANDARDS The wo
Page 108 and 109:
AN AUTUMN FIRE AND A CONSUMERS' CRU
Page 110 and 111:
The Baltimore fire of 1904. The tur
Page 112 and 113:
AN AUTUMN FIRE AND A CONSUMERS' CRU
Page 114 and 115:
AN: AUTUMN FIRE AND CONSUMERS' CRUS
Page 116 and 117:
THE BEGINNING OF GOVERNMENT TESTING
Page 118 and 119:
THE BEGINNING OF 93 gates, poured c
Page 120 and 121:
The Bureau about 1910, just prior t
Page 122 and 123:
The 2,300,000-pound Emery testing m
Page 124 and 125:
THE BEGiNNING OF GOVERNMENT TESTING
Page 126 and 127:
THE BEGINNING OF GOVERNMENT TESTING
Page 128 and 129:
STANDARDS FOR THE AGE OF ELECTRICIT
Page 130 and 131:
STANDARDS FOR THE AGE OF ELECTRICiT
Page 132 and 133:
Page 134 and 135:
Page 136 and 137:
STANDARDS FOR PUBLiC UTILITIES 111
Page 138 and 139:
Laboratory setup for testing the ca
Page 140 and 141:
STANDARDS FOR PUBLIC UTILITIES 115
Page 142 and 143:
The first iVBS railway scale test c
Page 144 and 145:
Page 146 and 147:
Page 148 and 149:
Page 150 and 151:
TESTING GOVERNMENT MATERIALS 125 Go
Page 152 and 153:
TESTING GOVERNMENT MATERIALS 127 an
Page 154 and 155:
TESTING GOVERNMENT MATERIALS 129 se
Page 156 and 157:
TESTING GOVERNMENT MATERIALS 131 In
Page 158 and 159:
STANDARDS FOR THE CONSUMER 133 in t
Page 161 and 162:
136 ELECTRICITY, RAILROADS, AND RAD
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
148 ELECTRICiTY, RAILROADS, AND RAD
Page 175 and 176:
cJ1 OF COMME The proliferation of B
Page 177 and 178:
152 ELECTRiCITY, RAILROADS, AND RAD
Page 179 and 180:
154 ELECTRICITY, RAiLROADS, AND RAD
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
160 THE WAR YEARS (1917-19) design.
Page 187 and 188:
162 THE WAR YEARS (1917-19) and Gov
Page 189 and 190:
164 Abate, the experimental roiling
Page 191 and 192:
Mule teams leveling the ground for
Page 193 and 194: C' The Standard Store and gas stati
Page 195 and 196: 170 THE WAR YEARS (1917-19) physici
Page 197 and 198: 172 THE WAR YEARS (1917-19) it was
Page 199 and 200: 174 THE WAR YEARS (1917-19) where t
Page 201 and 202: 176 THE WAR YEARS (1917-19) industr
Page 203 and 204: 178 THE WAR YEARS (1917-19) cut fro
Page 205 and 206: 180 THE WAR YEARS (1917-19) flew at
Page 207 and 208: 182 THE WAR YEARS (1917-19) Except
Page 209 and 210: 184 THE WAR YEARS (1917-19) But so
Page 211 and 212: 186 THE WAR YEARS (1917-19) make it
Page 214 and 215: OPTICAL GLASS AND OPTICAL INSTRUMEN
Page 216 and 217: NEW THINGS IN RADIO COMMUNICATION 1
Page 219 and 220: 194 THE WAR YEARS (1917-19) read,"
Page 221 and 222: 196 THE WAR YEARS (1917-19) up clea
Page 223 and 224: 198 THE WAR YEARS (1917-19) The use
Page 225 and 226: 200 THE WAR YEARS (1917-19) program
Page 227 and 228: 202 THE WAR YEARS (1917-19) investi
Page 229 and 230: 204 THE WAR YEARS (1917-19) certain
Page 231 and 232: 206 THE WAR YEARS (1917-19) large-s
Page 233 and 234: 208 THE WAR YEARS (1917-19) some ye
Page 235 and 236: 210 . THE WAR YEARS (1917-19) estab
Page 237 and 238: 212 THE WAR YEARS (1917-19) trade f
Page 239 and 240: 214 THE WAR YEARS (1917-19) As appr
Page 241 and 242: 216 THE WAR YEARS (1917-19) necessa
Page 243: 218 THE WAR YEARS (1917-19) tripled
Page 247 and 248: 222 THE TIDE OF COMMERCE AND INDUST
Page 257 and 258: 232 THE TIDE OF COMMERCE AND iNDUST
Page 263 and 264: 238 Unlike Stratton, Dr. George K.
Page 265: 240 THE TIDE OF COMMERCE AND INDUST
Page 268 and 269: The Visiting Committee of the Secre
Page 270 and 271: GEORGE KIMBALL BURGESS 245 and ofte
Page 272 and 273: GEORGE KIMBALL BURGESS 247 Bureau n
Page 274 and 275: BUiLDING AND HOUSING 249 Although i
Page 276 and 277: BUILDING AND HOUSING 251 The spring
Page 278 and 279: THE CRUSADE FOR STANDARDIZATION 253
Page 280 and 281: THE CRUSADE FOR STANDARDIZATiON 255
Page 288 and 289: RESEARCH FOR INDUSTRY 263 RESEARCH
Page 290 and 291: RESEARCH FOR INDUSTRY 265 appliance
Page 292 and 293: RESEARCH FOR INDUSTRY 267 molasses
Page 294 and 295:
RESEARCH FOR INDUSTRY quest of the
Page 297 and 298:
272 THE TIDE OF COMMERCE AND INDUST
Page 299 and 300:
Page 301 and 302:
Page 303 and 304:
278 Freighted with apparatus design
Page 305 and 306:
Page 307 and 308:
Page 310 and 311:
AUTOMOBILES AND AIRCRAFT 285 Testin
Page 312 and 313:
POLICING THE ETHER 287 circuit crys
Page 314 and 315:
POLICING THE ETHER 289 died in comm
Page 316 and 317:
POLICING THE ETHER 291 If simple re
Page 318 and 319:
POLICING THE ETHER 293 Bureau turne
Page 320 and 321:
POLICING THE ETHER 295 a special hi
Page 322 and 323:
POLICING THE ETHER 297 and radiotel
Page 324 and 325:
THE BUREAU IN THE PUBLIC VIEW THE T
Page 326 and 327:
THE BUREAU IN THE PUBLIC VIEW 301 t
Page 328 and 329:
THE BUREAU IN THE PUBLIC VIEW 303 l
Page 330 and 331:
THE BUREAU IN THE PUBLiC VIEW 305 e
Page 332 and 333:
THE BUREAU IN THE PUBLIC VIEW 307 a
Page 334 and 335:
LYMAN JAMES BRIGGS 309 the wake of
Page 336 and 337:
LYMAN JAMES BRIGGS 311 The Bureau w
Page 338 and 339:
LYMAN JAMES BRIGGS 313 Receiving th
Page 340 and 341:
Dr. Hugh L. Dryden made some of thi
Page 342 and 343:
LYMAN JAMES BRJGGS 317 active inter
Page 344 and 345:
LYMAN JAMES BRJGGS 319 new administ
Page 346 and 347:
TOWARD A REDEFINiTION OF BUREAU FUN
Page 348 and 349:
TOWARD A REDEFINITION OF BUREAU FUN
Page 350 and 351:
TOWARD A REDEFINiTION OF BUREAU FUN
Page 352 and 353:
Page 354 and 355:
Page 356 and 357:
Page 358 and 359:
Page 360 and 361:
SOME FUNDAMENTAL WORK ON STANDARDS
Page 362 and 363:
Page 364:
Page 367 and 368:
342 THE TIME OF THE GREAT DEPRESSIO
Page 369 and 370:
Page 371 and 372:
Page 373 and 374:
348 THE TiME OF THE GREAT DEPRESSIO
Page 375 and 376:
Page 377 and 378:
Page 379 and 380:
Page 381 and 382:
Page 383 and 384:
Page 385 and 386:
Page 387 and 388:
Page 389 and 390:
Page 391 and 392:
366 WORLD WAR II RESEARCH (1941-45)
Page 393 and 394:
Page 395 and 396:
370 WORLD WAR I! RESEARCH (1941-45)
Page 397 and 398:
Page 399 and 400:
Page 401 and 402:
• amounts 376 WORLD WAR II RESEAR
Page 403 and 404:
Page 405 and 406:
Page 407 and 408:
Page 409 and 410:
Page 412 and 413:
THE BUREAU AND THE ATOMIC BOMB 387
Page 414 and 415:
THE RADIO PROXIMiTY FUZE 389 ness o
Page 416 and 417:
THE RADIO PROXIMITY FUZE 391 A vari
Page 418 and 419:
THE RADIO PROXIMiTY FUZE 393 Actual
Page 420 and 421:
THE RADIO PROXIMITY FUZE 395 and ot
Page 422 and 423:
THE RADIO PROXIMITY FUZE 397 Novemb
Page 424 and 425:
A GUIDED MISSILE CALLED THE BAT 399
Page 426 and 427:
A GUIDED MISSILE CALLED THE BAT 401
Page 428 and 429:
RADIO AND RADIO-WEATHER PREDICTING
Page 430 and 431:
RADIO AND RADIO-WEATHER PREDICTING
Page 432 and 433:
RADIO AND RADIO-WEATHER PREDiCTING
Page 434 and 435:
RADIO AND RADIO-WEATHER PREDICTiNG
Page 436 and 437:
RESEARCH IN CRITICAL MATERIALS 411
Page 438 and 439:
RESEARCH IN CRITICAL lilA TERIALS 4
Page 440 and 441:
RESEARCH IN CRiTICAL MATERIALS 415
Page 442 and 443:
Page 444 and 445:
RESEARCH ZN CRiTiCAL MATERIALS 419
Page 446 and 447:
Page 448 and 449:
Page 450 and 451:
Page 452 and 453:
"THE PECULIAR PEACE" THE NEW WORLD
Page 454 and 455:
THE PECULIAR PEACE cated the fissio
Page 456 and 457:
THE PECULIAR PEACE Further augmenti
Page 458 and 459:
THE PECULIAR PEACE 433 Dr. Briggs a
Page 460 and 461:
EDWARD UHLER CONDON weapon and the
Page 462 and 463:
EDWARD UHLER CONDON While at Prince
Page 465 and 466:
440 THE NEW WORLD OF SCIENCE (1946-
Page 467 and 468:
Page 469 and 470:
Page 471 and 472:
Page 473 and 474:
Page 475 and 476:
45O THE NEW' WORLD OF SCiENCE (1946
Page 477 and 478:
'a 452 THE NEW WORLD OF SCIENCE (19
Page 479 and 480:
Page 481 and 482:
Page 483 and 484:
458 THE NEW WORLD OF SCIENCE (1946
Page 485 and 486:
Page 487 and 488:
Page 489 and 490:
Page 491 and 492:
Page 493 and 494:
Page 495 and 496:
Page 497 and 498:
Page 499 and 500:
Page 501 and 502:
Page 503 and 504:
Page 505 and 506:
Page 507 and 508:
Page 509 and 510:
Page 511 and 512:
Page 513 and 514:
Page 515 and 516:
Page 517 and 518:
Page 519 and 520:
One of the three giunt IVurtsburg a
Page 521 and 522:
496 THE CRUCIAL DECADE—AN EN VOl
Page 523 and 524:
498 THE CRUCIAL DECADE—AN ENVO! s
Page 525 and 526:
500 THE CRUCiAL DECADE—AN EN VOl
Page 527 and 528:
502 THE CRUCIAL DECI4DE—AN EN VOl
Page 529 and 530:
Page 531 and 532:
C).' Gaithersburg, showing the high
Page 533 and 534:
Page 535 and 536:
510 THE CRUCIAL DECADE—AN EN VU!
Page 537 and 538:
C,' The Visiting Committee of Comme
Page 539 and 540:
514 The Exchequer standard corn gal
Page 541 and 542:
516 APPENDIX A Hassler, a man highl
Page 543 and 544:
518 APPENDIX A When he made known h
Page 545 and 546:
520 APPENDIX A Hassler sets up camp
Page 547 and 548:
522 APPENDIX A A new employment cam
Page 549 and 550:
524 APPENDIX A thizing with a chara
Page 551 and 552:
526 APPENDIX A possessed the scient
Page 553 and 554:
528 APPENDIX B As the more practica
Page 555:
530 APPENDIX B republican regime, a
Page 558 and 559:
APPENDiX B him by Tralles. Thus fro
Page 560 and 561:
APPENDIX B 535 By the 1930's metric
Page 562 and 563:
APPENDIX C BASIC LEGISLATION Relati
Page 564 and 565:
APPENDIX C For construction and ver
Page 566 and 567:
APPENDIX C Eighth. The unit of indu
Page 568 and 569:
APPENDIX C 543 Act of 4 March 1909
Page 570 and 571:
APPENDIX C 545 Provided, That the m
Page 572 and 573:
APPENDIX C Economy Act of 30 June 1
Page 574 and 575:
APPENDIX C 549 For the establishmen
Page 576 and 577:
APPENDIX C 551 (f) Invention and de
Page 579:
554 APPENDIX C Act of 20 June 1956,
Page 582 and 583:
558 APPENDIX E Term GANO DUNN Presi
Page 584 and 585:
NBS SPECIAL APPROPRIATIONS, 1910-19
Page 586 and 587:
1500 APPENDIX I PUBLICATIONS BY THE
Page 588 and 589:
568 APPENDIX I Reorganization of NB
Page 590 and 591:
APPENDIX J DIVISION. AND SECTION CH
Page 592 and 593:
CHIEFS OF THE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNI
Page 594 and 595:
DIRECTOR CHIEFS OF THE SCIENTIFIC A
Page 596 and 597:
WARTIME PROJECTS OF THE SCIENTIFIC
Page 598 and 599:
APPENDIX 1 Radio Communications Sec
Page 600 and 601:
APPENDIX J WEIGHTS AND MEASURES Fis
Page 602 and 603:
APPENDIX J Airplane Power Plant—C
Page 604 and 605:
APPENDIX J I 585 Electrochemistry E
Page 606 and 607:
APPENDIX J Aviation Instruments—C
Page 608 and 609:
APPENDIX / 589 Steel, Concrete, Cem
Page 610 and 611:
DIRECTOR CHIEFS OF THE SCIENTIFIC A
Page 612 and 613:
APPENDIX 1 VI. ENGINEERING PHYSICS
Page 614 and 615:
APPENDIX J III. HEAT AND POWER—Co
Page 616 and 617:
DIRECTOR Assistant Director for Res
Page 618 and 619:
APPENDIX 1 IX. CLAY AND SILICATE PR
Page 620 and 621:
APPENDIX 1 III. HEAT AND POWER—Co
Page 622 and 623:
DIRECFOR Assistant to the Director
Page 624 and 625:
APPENDIX J VII. ORGANIC AND FIBROUS
Page 626 and 627:
DIRECTOR ASSISTANT DIRECTOR L ELECT
Page 628 and 629:
APPENDIX / 609 VI. MECHANICS AND SO
Page 630 and 631:
APPENDIX 1 611 ORDNANCE DEVELOPMENT
Page 632 and 633:
APPENDIX J 613 II. METROLOGY—Cont
Page 634 and 635:
APPENDIX / 615 VIII. METALLURGY—C
Page 636 and 637:
APPENDIX 1 617 FIELD STATIONS Brook
Page 638 and 639:
APPENDIX J I. ELECTRICITY AND ELECT
Page 640 and 641:
APPENDIX 1 621 VII. ORGANIC AND FIB
Page 642 and 643:
APPENDIX J 623 84. Radio Standards
Page 644 and 645:
APPENDIX 1 H. METROLOGY—Continued
Page 646 and 647:
APPENDIX J X. BUILDING RESEARCH—C
Page 648 and 649:
APPENDIX 1 83. Radio Propagation En
Page 650 and 651:
NBS PUBLICATIONS S T RP C H M BMS L
Page 652 and 653:
APPENDIX K 4. OPTICS 5. CHEMISTRY 6
Page 654 and 655:
APPENDIX K 635 Lowell & Willoughby,
Page 656 and 657:
APPENDIX K 637 5. CHEMISTRY Judd, C
Page 658 and 659:
APPENDIX K 639 9. CERAMICS French &
Page 660 and 661:
APPENDIX K 641 Gardner, Design and
Page 662 and 663:
APPENDIX K 643 Kline & Malmberg, Su
Page 664 and 665:
APPENDIX K 645 McPherson, Adaptor f
Page 666 and 667:
APPENDIX K Thomas, Driscoll & Hippl
Page 668 and 669:
I.- C,) z IC, a -J LAND PURCHASES
Page 670 and 671:
652 APPENDIX M Samuel W. Stratton a
Page 672 and 673:
654 APPENDIX M Sometime after settl
Page 674 and 675:
Scenes at the summer picnics that D
Page 676 and 677:
a' The Bureau of Standards Orchestr
Page 678 and 679:
660 APPENDIX M the American consul
Page 680 and 681:
Alt, Franz L., Electronic digital c
Page 682 and 683:
APPENDIX N 665 Harriman, Norman Fol
Page 684 and 685:
APPENDIX N 667 hydrocarbons and rel
Page 686 and 687:
670 APPENDIX 0 Bldg. No. 33 34 35 3
Page 688 and 689:
672 APPENDIX 0 Estimated Estimated
Page 690 and 691:
674 PUBLISHED SOURCES on World War
Page 692 and 693:
676 PUBLISHED SOURCES Marshall, Log
Page 694 and 695:
678 PUBLISHED SOURCES Biographies,
Page 696 and 697:
680 UNPUBLISHED SOURCES Seventeen o
Page 698 and 699:
INDEX Note: Only those members of t
Page 700 and 701:
INDEX BELL, Alexander Graham, 210 B
Page 702:
iNDEX Colorimetry section, NBS, 170
Page 705 and 706:
690 iNDEX GARDNER, Washington (Cong
Page 707 and 708:
692 inventions at NBS (see NBS staf
Page 709 and 710:
694 metric legislation, 209, 210—
Page 711 and 712:
696 INDEX National Bureau of Standa
Page 713 and 714:
698 PRIEST, Irwin C., 99n, 186, 196
Page 715 and 716:
700 screw thread standardization, 3
Page 717 and 718:
702 INDEX testing machines, 96 text
Page 719:
INDEX WALKER, Percy H., 155 WALLACE
show all

Measures for Progress: A History of the National Bureau of Standards

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?