SUMMARY OF PhD THESIS - USAMV Cluj-Napoca

Sabin Rareş MAN Summary of the doctoral thesis
Eng. SABIN RAREŞ MAN
SUMMARY OF PhD THESIS
RESEARCH CONCERNING THE INTERDEPENDENCE FERTILIZATION -
VIGOUR AND PROTECTON SUPPLYING, AGAINST POWDERY MILDEW IN
DURMAST (QUERCUS PETRAEA) SEEDLINGS FROM FORESTRY
NURSERIES
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL
SCIENCES AND VETERINARY MEDICINE
CLUJ-NAPOCA
DOCTORAL SCHOOL
FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE
CLUJ-NAPOCA
2012
SCIENTIFIC COORDINATOR
Prof. IOAN OROIAN, Ph.D.

Sabin Rareş MAN Summary of the doctoral thesis
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pag.
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 3
CHAPTER I
PRODUCTION OF FOREST SEEDLINGS WITHIN
FORESTRY NURSERIES ...................................................................................
CHAPTER II
THE FERTILIZATION OF THE DURMAST CULTURES
IN FORESTRY NURSERIES ..............................................................................
CHAPTER III
THE RESEARCH AIM AND OBJECTIFS ........................................................... 5
CHAPTER IV
THE NATURAL FRAMEWORK OF THE EXPERIMENTS ............................. 6
CHAPTER V
MATERIAL AND METHOD ................................................................................. 6
CHAPTER VI
RESULTS OF THE RESEARCH CONCERNING THE INFLUENCE OF
FERTILIZATION UPON THE GROWING VIGOUR IN DURMAST
SEEDLINGS, DURING EXPERIMENTAL PERIOD ........................................... 7
6.1.4. The results of the research concerning diameter of the durmast
seedlings function of the dose of fertilizer ........................... 7
6.2.4. The results of the research concerning height of the durmast
seedlings function of the dose of fertilizer ............................
CHAPTER VII
RESULTS OF THE RESEARCH CONCERNING THE INTERRELATION
BETWEEN MILDEW (MICROSPHAERA ABBREVIATA) ATTACK DEGREE
UPON DURMAST SEEDLINGS (QUERCUS PETRAEA), AND INDICES OF
SOIL QUALITY AND THE FERTILIZATION VARIANT, DURING
EXPERIMENTAL PERIOD .......................................................................................
7.1 Results concerning the inter-relationship between the powdered mildew
(Microsphaera abbreviata) attack degree upon durmast seedlings, and indices
of soil quality, 2008 – 2009 ..............................................................................
7.2. Results concerning the inter-relationship between the powdered mildew
(Microsphaera abbreviata) attack degree upon durmast seedlings and the
fertilization variant, 2008 - 2009 ...................................................................
CHAPTER VIII
RESULTS OF THE RESEARCH CONCERNING THE INTERRELATION
BETWEEN MILDEW (MICROSPHAERA ABBREVIATA) ATTACK DEGREE
UPON DURMAST SEEDLINGS (QUERCUS PETRAEA), AND THE DIAMETER
AND HEIGHT OF DURMAST SEEDLINGS, DURING EXPERIMENTAL
PERIOD ........
8.1. Results concerning the inter-relationship between the (Microsphaera
abbreviata) powdered mildew attack degree and durmast seedlings height,
2008 - 2009 .......................................................................................................
8.2. Results concerning the inter-relationship between the (Microsphaera
abbreviata) powdered mildew attack degree and durmast seedlings diameter,
2008 - 2009 ........................................................................................................
Conclusions ............................................................................................................................... 21
Selective Bibliography ............................................................................................................... 24
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Sabin Rareş MAN Summary of the doctoral thesis
INTRODUCTION
The forest is a notion with symbolic value signifying the ecosphere itself. The
relationships between man and forest have been developed during centuries under
different aspects. For the world of today, and tomorrow, this relationship man - forest
have very important role, forests representing, by their eco - productive products and
functions, a patrimony of humanity (Iliescu, 2008).
Recognizing the important role of the forest in our country, for the assembly of the
society development, it is obvious to allow it the correspondent attention in order to
maintain and develop the capacity of satisfying its own needs (Abrudan, 2006).
Thus, the policy and strategy of forestry development in Romania has as
fundamental objective supplying the integrity and development of the forestry found, as
well as the extension of the areas with forestry vegetation, and as strategic actions:
monitoring the maintaining of the forestry found integrity, at national level; forest areas
and other vegetation categories areas extension, including degraded areas out of the
forestry found; supporting the foundation of forestry plantations on areas without
agricultural circuit in concordance with the requirements of the sustainable agriculture.
The concept of sustainable agriculture was initiated and widely spread in 1987 by
the Report of the de Brundtland Commission, and involves the accomplishment of the
present needs without compromising the capacity of future generations of accomplishing
their needs. The achievement of a sustainable forestry, the desiderate of the present
forestry policy, involves production of a healthy and vigorous forest material, in
necessary assortment, quantity and quality (Borlan, 1994).

Sabin Rareş MAN Summary of the doctoral thesis
CHAPTER I
PRODUCTION OF FOREST SEEDLINGS WITHIN
FORESTRY NURSERIES
The forestation of degraded fields is considered primary priority within the
national action plan for fighting against drought, fields degradation and desertification. In
order to achieve the aimed objectives, the forestations must relay on a detailed
knowledge of the biological particularities of the cultivated plants, and also on the
knowledge of the characteristics of the forestry stations (Holonec, 2004).
CHAPTER II
THE FERTILIZATION OF THE DURMAST CULTURES
IN FORESTRY NURSERIES
the soil, by its components in a continuous transformation represents the main
physico - chemical, chemical and biological environment for plant nutrition (Avarvarei,
1997). Produced by the action of the climatic and biotic factors, conditioned by relief and
underground water upon rocks from the land surface, soil represents the linkage bridge
mineral and organic world (Mocanu, 2007).
The evolution of the soil concept mirrors, at large extent, the evolution of the
knowledge in the field of soil science. The extension of the studies concerning mineral
nutrition of plants led to the formulation of ”soil” concept as environment able to supply
water, air, and nutritional elements for plants. The concept about soil refers at larger
extent to plant nutrition and less to soil in strict sense, and significantly contributes to
solving the problem of vegetal production putting the basis of soil mineral fertilization
(Contoman, 2007). The soil, formed by permanent and simultaneous action of biosphere,
atmosphere, and lithosphere, as well as by diversified human activities, becomes a poly-
disperse heterogeneous system, which schematically is made up of a solid phase (mineral
and organic), a liquid phase (soil solution) and a gaseous phase ”soil atmosphere”,
respectively (Rusu, 2005).

Sabin Rareş MAN Summary of the doctoral thesis
CHAPTER III
THE RESEARCH AIM AND OBJECTIVES
3.1. THE AIM OF THE THESIS
The aimed objective of this doctoral thesis consist in elaboration of a complex
study with the aim of emphasizing the interdependence between the soil fertility
representing the nucleus of durmast (Quercus petraea) seedlings development within
forestry nurseries and supplying vigour and protection against powdery mildew.
3.2. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
The objectives of the doctoral thesis consists of:
1. Quantification of the influence of the NPK mineral fertilizer administered alone in
three different doses and in combination with organic fertilizer (poultry manure)
in the same doses, upon the durmast seedlings colet diameter and height.
2. Quantification of the influence of the NH4NO3 mineral fertilizer administered
alone in three different doses and in combination with organic fertilizer (poultry
manure) in the same doses, upon the durmast seedlings colet diameter and height.
3. Determination of the attack degree of powdery mildew in durmast seedlings in
interdependence with their height and diameter.
4. The identification of the interrelationship between the powdery mildew attack
degree in durmast seedlings and fertilization variants used in experiments.
5. The identification of the most efficient mineral fertilizer, or combination of
mineral with organic fertilizer, and of the most efficient doses, with the aim of
recommending its use in durmast nurseries, in order to form an important variable
for increasing the resistance to the powdery mildew attack.
In order to accomplish the objectives of the doctoral thesis, the experimental
design was made up. It involves the field placement of the trials, ”Mihai Viteazu”
nursery, on argic phaeozion, characteristic for Turda area.

Sabin Rareş MAN Summary of the doctoral thesis
The thermic regimen
CHAPTER IV
THE NATURAL FRAMEWORK OF THE EXPERIMENTS
The year 2008 was characterized by normal to warm spring, and also a warm
summer, compared to annual average. The annual average of the air temperature was +
10.10 o C, with low deviation (+1.20) compared to normal. The average temperature of the
coldest month, of in August. In 2009, we recorded in April a higher temperature
compared to normal (+ 3,40 compared to normal). The other months of the vegetation
period had average values of temperature, between + 16.00 and + 21.00 o C.
The average annual rainfall regimen
The precipitations had values between 600 - 700 mm/year, with some exceptions
where we recorded values under 600 mm/year, or more than 700 mm/year or even 800
mm/year in higest parts of the depression.
CHAPTER V
MATERIAL AND METHOD
During vegetation period, there were performed measurements of the seedlings
(colet diameter and height) notes and observations concerning the attach of the
Microsphaera abbreviata mushroom were also made, in the same time with
determination of the attack degree (intensity and frequency of the attack). The soil
analysis were performed according methodology.
The experimental data were processed using Statistica 7.0 programme, and
main methods were the followings: variance analysis, correlations, multiple regression
A monofactorial design was put into practice, using 3 variants (including control
variant), thus: V1 – MT, V2 - N40P40K40, V3 - N60P60K60, V4 – N80P80K80, V5 - NH4NO3

Sabin Rareş MAN Summary of the doctoral thesis
(33%) N60, V6 - NH4NO3 (33%) N80, V7 - NH4NO3 (33%) N100, V8 - G+N40P40K40 , V9 -
G+N60P60K60, V10 - G+N80P80K80, V11- G+ N60 , V12 - G+ N80 and V13 - G+ N100.
CHAPTER VI
RESULTS OF THE RESEARCH CONCERNING THE INFLUENCE OF
FERTILIZATION UPON THE GROWING VIGOUR IN DURMAST
SEEDLINGS, DURING EXPERIMENTAL PERIOD
6.1. RESULTS OF THE RESEARCH CONCERNING THE DIAMETER OF THE
DURMAST SEEDLINGS FUNCTION OF THE DOSE OF FERTILIZER
In this section are presented the effects of the 13 fertilization variants, including
control, on durmast (Quercus petraea) seedlings from the forestry nursery during the two
years of the study 2008 and 2009. Thus, the reaction of the growing vigour was analyzed
by recording two factors: colet diameter and height. If we analyze the influence of all
fertilizjng variants on the evolution of the durmast seedlings during experimental year
2008, we record the biggest diameter (4.58 mm) when fertilization was perfomed with
maximum mineral fertilizer NPK together with organic fertilizer, poultry manure,
respectively (N80P80K80 + G). The lowest attack frequency was recorded when the an
average diameter of 3.89 mm, respectively (fig. 1). If we analyze the influence of all
fertilization variants on the diameter of the durmast seedlings during experimental year
2009 (fig. 2), we record the biggest diameter (4.67 mm) in the same conditions of
fertilizing with maximum doses of mineral fertilizer NPK administered together with
organic fertilizer, poultry manure, respectively (N80P80K80 + G), with values close to
those recorded for fertilization variant made up of NH4NO3 (33%)N60 and poultry
manure (4.65 mm). Because concerning the differences between the diameter of the
durmast seedlings, the differences were small and statistically not assured, we made the
option for analyzing the average values by entire experimental period. We find that
variants where combinations mineral and organic fertilizer were used, led to biggest colet
diameters (fig. 3).

Sabin Rareş MAN Summary of the doctoral thesis
The diameter of the (mm)
8
6
4
2
0
4.11
4,15
4.19 4.24
4.23 4.34
4.58
4.18
4.10
3.89
4.24
4.19
The variant of fertilization
Note: 1 – MT; 2 - N40P40K40; 3 - N60P60K60; 4 - N80P80K8; 5 - G + N40P40K40; 6 – G + N60P60K60; 7 – G + N80P80K80; 8 - NH4NO3
(33%)N60; 9 - NH4NO3(33%)N80; 10 - NH4NO3 (33%)N100; 11 – G + N60; 12 – G + N80; 13 – G + N100;
Fig. 1. The average values of the function of the variant of fertilization, in durmast
seedlings, 2008
The diameter of the (mm)
8
6
4
2
0
4.02
DL5% = 0.76 DL1% = 1.03 DL0.1% = 1.30
4.21
4.29 4.40
4.36 4.54
4.67
4.32
4.26
3.90
4.65
4.38
4.05
The variant of fertilization
Note: 1 – MT; 2 - N40P40K40; 3 - N60P60K60; 4 - N80P80K8; 5 - G + N40P40K40; 6 – G + N60P60K60; 7 – G + N80P80K80; 8 - NH4NO3
(33%)N60; 9 - NH4NO3(33%)N80; 10 - NH4NO3 (33%)N100; 11 – G + N60; 12 – G + N80; 13 – G + N100;
4.02
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
DL5% = 0.52 DL1% = 0.71 DL0.1% = 0.93
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Sabin Rareş MAN Summary of the doctoral thesis
Fig. 2. The average values of the function of the variant of fertilization, in durmast
seedlings, 2009
The diameter, mm
6
4
2
0
4.7
DL5% = 0.69 DL1% = 0.98 DL0.1% = 1.05
4.18 4.24
4.32 4.30
4.44 4.63
4.25 4.18
3.90
4.45 4.29
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
4.04
The fertilization variant
Notă: 1 – MT; 2 - N40P40K40; 3 - N60P60K60; 4 - N80P80K8; 5 - G + N40P40K40; 6 – G + N60P60K60; 7 – G + N80P80K80; 8 - NH4NO3
(33%)N60; 9 - NH4NO3(33%)N80; 10 - NH4NO3 (33%)N100; 11 – G + N60; 12 – G + N80; 13 – G + N100;
Fig. 3. The average values of the function of the variant of fertilization, in durmast
seedlings, during entire experimental period, 2008 and 2009
The maximum average value (4.63 mm) was recorded when variant N80P80K80 + G
was used, followed by variants NH4NO3 (33%)N60 + G (4.45 mm) at very close values to
those (4.44 mm) recorded for the N60P60K60 + G fertilization variant. The smallest
diameters were recorded when fertilization variants NH4NO3(33%)N100 + G (4.04 mm)
and NH4NO3(33%)N100 (3.90 mm) were used, values even smaller compared to those
recorded in not fertilized control (4.07 mm).
6.2. RESULTS OF THE RESEARCH CONCERNING THE HEIGHT OF THE
DURMAST SEEDLINGS FUNCTION OF THE DOSE OF FERTILIZER
If we analyze the influence of all fertilization variants upon the evolution of the
durmast seedlings height in experimental year 2008, we recorded the biggestv height
(17.63 mm) when fertilization was performed with maximum dose of mineral NPK
fertilizer together with organic fertilizer, poultry manure (N80P80K80 + G), respectively.

Sabin Rareş MAN Summary of the doctoral thesis
The smallest height was recorded when mineral fertilization with NH4NO3(33%)N100 was
used, 11.86 mm height, respectively (fig. 4).
The height of the durmast seedlings (mm)
20
15
10
5
0
11.97
12.32
13.27
14.63
13.62
15.53
17.63
13.27
12.91
11.86
15.53
DL 5% = 3.62 DL 1% = 4.89 DL 0.1% = 6.48
13.45
11.94
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
The variant of fertilization
Note: 1 – MT; 2 - N40P40K40; 3 - N60P60K60; 4 - N80P80K8; 5 - G + N40P40K40; 6 – G + N60P60K60; 7 – G + N80P80K80; 8 - NH4NO3
(33%)N60; 9 - NH4NO3(33%)N80; 10 - NH4NO3 (33%)N100; 11 – G + N60; 12 – G + N80; 13 – G + N100;
Fig. 4. The average values of the height, function of the variant of fertilization, in
durmast seedlings, 2008
If we analyze the influence of all fertilization variants upon the evolution of
durmast seedlings height in 2009 (fig. 5), we find that, similarly to previous year 2008,
the biggest height (18.21 mm) was recorded when the maximum dose of mineral
fertilizer NPK was administered together with organic fertilizer, poultry manure
(N80P80K80 + G) and the smallest when mineral fertilization with NH4NO3(33%)N100 was
used, the average height of 11.80 mm, respectively (fig. 5).

Sabin Rareş MAN Summary of the doctoral thesis
The height of the durmast seedlings (mm)
20
15
10
5
0
11.03
12.35
13.32
14.58
16.06
13.34
18.21
13.21
14,35
11.80
15.27
14.31
12.54
DL5% = 3.15 DL1% = 4.24 DL0,1% = 5.62
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
The variant of fertilization
Note: 1 – MT; 2 - N40P40K40; 3 - N60P60K60; 4 - N80P80K8; 5 - G + N40P40K40; 6 – G + N60P60K60; 7 – G + N80P80K80; 8 - NH4NO3
(33%)N60; 9 - NH4NO3(33%)N80; 10 - NH4NO3 (33%)N100; 11 – G + N60; 12 – G + N80; 13 – G + N100;
Fig. 5. The average values of the function of the variant of fertilization, in durmast
seedlings, 2009
Because concerning the height of the durmast seedlings the differences between
both experimental years were small and statistically not assured we also chose to analyze
the average of the results obtained by the assembly of the entire experimental period. The
variants were the mineral fertilizer was combined with organic fertilizer led to biggest
heights (fig. 6). The average maximum value (17.92 mm) was recorded when the variant
N80P80K80 + G was used, followed by variants N60P60K60 + G (15.80 mm) and NH4NO3
(33%)N60 + G (15.40 mm). The smallest heights were recorded in control (11.50 mm)
and NH4NO3(33%)N100 variant (11.83 mm, respectively).

Sabin Rareş MAN Summary of the doctoral thesis
The hight, mm
20
15
10
5
0
11.50
DL 17.92
5% = 3.49 DL1% = 4.44 DL0.1% = 5.87
12.34
13.30
14.61
13.48
15.80
13.81 13.06
11.83
15.40 13.88
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
12.24
The fertilization variant
Note: 1 – MT; 2 - N40P40K40; 3 - N60P60K60; 4 - N80P80K8; 5 - G + N40P40K40; 6 – G + N60P60K60; 7 – G + N80P80K80; 8 - NH4NO3
(33%)N60; 9 - NH4NO3(33%)N80; 10 - NH4NO3 (33%)N100; 11 – G + N60; 12 – G + N80; 13 – G + N100;
Fig. 6. The average values of the height function of the variant of fertilization, in durmast
seedlings, during experimental period

Sabin Rareş MAN Summary of the doctoral thesis
CHAPTER VII
RESULTS OF THE RESEARCH CONCERNING THE INTERRELATION
BETWEEN MILDEW (MICROSPHAERA ABBREVIATA) ATTACK DEGREE
UPON DURMAST SEEDLINGS (QUERCUS PETRAEA), AND INDICES OF SOIL
QUALITY AND THE FERTILIZATION VARIANT, DURING EXPERIMENTAL
PERIOD
7.1.RESULTS CONCERNING THE INTER-RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE
POWDERED MILDEW (MICROSPHAERA ABBREVIATA) ATTACK DEGREE UPON
DURMAST SEEDLINGS, AND INDICES OF SOIL QUALITY, 2008 - 2009
If we study the evolution of the powdered mildew (Microsphaera abbreviata)
attack degree on durmast seedlings used in all experimental variants, function of the main
soil inicators (pH, humus, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content), in 2008, a non
linear dependence between analyzed parameters (except the interrelationship powdery
mildew attack degree - potassium soil content) was reported. For this reason we
considered a non parametric test for calculating the correlation coefficient (R) and
determination coefficient (R 2 ), the Spearman test, respectively. Only for linear interaction
(powdery mildew attack degree - potassium soil content) we used the classical parametric
Pearson test.
If, by the assembly of the experimental variants we analyze the correlations
between the powdery mildew attack degree and other studied agrochemical indices of
soil (table 1), weak negative correlations between the powdery mildew attack degre and
humus (- 0.339), nitrogen 0.346) and phosphorus (- 0.313) were reported. They are
representative only in a reduced sample share (11.40%, 11.0% and 9.70%, respectively)
and not significant, all characterized by non linearity. It results, that even in conditions of
small and very small representative, the amplitude of the powdery mildew attack degree
is reduced by a bigger humus, nitrogen, and phosphorus content in soils where durmast
seedlings are cultivated.
The correlation between the powdery mildew attack degree and potassium content
of soil, apart of other studied correlations (table 1), is linear, is negative and very weak (-
0.086) not representative (R 2 = 0.007), practically. Thus, we note that even potassium

Sabin Rareş MAN Summary of the doctoral thesis
from soil where durmast seedlings are planted theoretically have a negative influence on
the powdery mildew attack degree, it is very small, and practically it can be neglected.
The correlation between the attack degree of and main indices of soil quality (pH,
humus, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium – N, P, K), 2008
Correlated indices The correlation coefficient R 2 p
GA/AD - pH RS = + 0.526 0.276 0.907
GA/AD - Humus RS = - 0.339 0.114 0.183
GA/AD - N RS = - 0.346 0.119 0.318
GA/AD - P RS = - 0.313 0.097 0.221
GA/AD - K R = - 0.086 0.007 0.805
Table 1
The analyze of the correlations between the powdery mildew attack degree and the
same studied agrochemical indicators of soil (table 2), emphasize the existance of the
same weak negative correlations between the powdery mildew attack degree and humus
(- 0.323), nitrogen (- 0.325) and phosphorus (- 0.271) in 2009 as in previous year 2008,
but available for a reduced sample share (10.40%, 10.50% and 7.30%, respectively) all
not significant and characterized by non linearity.
Table 2
The correlation between the attack degree of and main indices of soil quality (pH, humus,
nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium – N, P, K), 2009
Correlated indices The correlation coefficient R 2 p
GA/AD - pH RS = + 0.585 0.342 0.013
GA/AD - Humus RS = - 0.323 0.104 0.031
GA/AD - N RS = - 0.325 0.105 0.035
GA/AD - P RS = - 0.271 0.073 0.509
GA/AD - K R = - 0.069 0.004 0.809
Thus, the results of the previous experimental year 2008 are confirmed, meaning
that even when small or very small representative was recorded, the amplitude of the

Sabin Rareş MAN Summary of the doctoral thesis
powdery mildew (Microsphaera abreviata) attack degre is reduced by bigger humus,
nitrogen and phosphorus content of soil were durmast seedlings are cultivated.
The same as previous experimental year 2008, in 2009, too, the correlation
between the powdery mildew attack degree and potassium content of soil, apart the other
studied correlations (table 2), is linear, negative, and very weak (- 0.069), not
representative (R 2 = 0.004), practically. Thus, we note that even potassium from the soil
where durmast seedlings are planted theoretically has a negative influence on the
powdery mildew attack degree, it is very low, and it can practically be neglected.
7.2.RESULTS CONCERNING THE INTER-RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE
POWDERED MILDEW (MICROSPHAERA ABBREVIATA) ATTACK DEGREE UPON
DURMAST SEEDLINGS AND THE FERTILIZATION VARIANT
During experimental year 2008, the attack degree of the Microsphaera
abbreviata mushroom on the durmast seedlings was bigger in control (9.82%) compared
to other experimental variants, except that fertilized at soil level with maximum dose of
NPK, N80P80K80 (12.27%), respectively. The smallest attack degrees were recorded for
organo - mineral fertilization N80P80K80 + poultry manure, 3.65% respectively, and
NH4NO3 + poultry manure, 4.53% for N80 dosis. Between the powdery mildew attack
degree in control group and group where the fertilization variant represented by poultry
manure and N80P80K80 was administered, the biggest difference (d = + 6.17%,
corresponding to C homogeneity class) statistically very significant (p < 0.001) was
recorded, while a distinctly statistically significant difference (p < 0.01) was recorded
between control and fertilization variant G + N80 (d = + 5.29%, BC homogeneity class).

Sabin Rareş MAN Summary of the doctoral thesis
Table 3
The influence of fertilisation on the powdery mildew Microsphaera abbreviata attack
degree, in durmast seedlings, during experimental year, 2008
Variant of fertilization The attack degree
(%)
± d
(%)
Significance of the
difference
Mt 9.82 Mt ns A
N40P40K40 6.01 + 3.81
N60P60K60 9.33 + 0.49
N80P80K80 12.27 - 2.45
NH4NO3 (33%) N60 9.04 + 0.78
NH4NO3 (33%) N80 7.76 + 2.06
NH4NO3 (33%) N100 8.56 + 1.26
G + N40P40K40 9.66 + 0.16
G + N60P60K60 6.12 + 3.70
G + N80P80K80 3.65 + 6.17
G + N60 6.92 + 2.90
G + N80 4.53 + 5.29
G + N100 6.57 + 3.25
DL5% = 9.90
DL1% = 13.40
DL0.1% = 17.80
* B
ns AB
* B
ns AB
* B
ns B
ns AB
* B
*** C
* B
** BC
* B
Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) compared to control were obtained
for fertilization variants N40P40K40 (d = + 3.81%), N80P80K80 (d = - 2.45%),
NH4NO3(33%)N80 (d = + 3.70%), G + N60P60K60 (d = + 2.06%), G + N60 (d = + 2.90%)
and G + N100 (d = + 3.25%), all correspondent to B homogeneity class. Between control
and other experimental variants significant differences were not reported for significance
threshold of 5% (table 3). These results emphasize the positive influence of the mineral
fertilization associated with organic fertilization upon the durmast seedlings resistance
against powdery mildew attack degree. We note the fertilization variants consisting of the
association between N80P80K80 with poultry manure, that confer the biggest resistance of

Sabin Rareş MAN Summary of the doctoral thesis
the durmast seedlings against the attack degree of the Microsphaera abbreviata, together
with the biggest stimulation of their growth at colet diameter level and height.
During experimental year 2009, there were obtained almost similar as during
2008, concerning mildew attack degree, mentioning that, in climatic conditions of 2009,
less favourable for the development of Microsphaera abbreviata, the average attack
degree was by 52% smaller compared to 2008. The biggest attach degree of
Microsphaera abbreviata on durmast seedlings was also recorded in 2009, in the variant
where fertilization was performed with maximum mineral fertilizer dose, N80P80K80
(6.31%), respectively, followed by attack degrees recorded for other mineral fertilizer
doses N60P60K60 (5.54%) and N40P40 is classified on the 5 th place. The smallest attack
degrees were recorded when organo - mineral fertilization N80P80K80 + poultry manure
was practiced, 2.30% respectively, and NH4NO3 + poultry manure, for dosis of N60 and
4.53% for doses of N80. When not fertilized variant was control (table 4), positive
differences were obtained, in advantage of control, for all significance thresholds, except
variant fertilized with mineral fertilizer N80P80K80 (- 2.45%), where the biggest difference
in absolute value was obtained, at significance threshold of 5%, followed by those
between control and mineral fertilizer N60P60K60 (- 1.21%), N40P40K40 (- 0.50%) and
NH4NO3(33%)N80 (- 0.12%), statistically not significant (p > 0.5%). We also mention
that 4 homogeneity classes were recorded. The biggest positive difference in advantage
of the experimental variants, was recorded between the powdery mildew attack degree in
control and group where fertilization variant represented by poultry amnure and mineral
fertilizer N80P80K80 (d = + 1.60%, correspondent to BC homogeneity class) was
administered, statistically significant (p < 0.01). Differences statistically not significant (p
> 0.5%) were recorded between control and other experimental variants (tabelul 4).

Sabin Rareş MAN Summary of the doctoral thesis
Table 4
The influence of fertilization on the powdery mildew Microsphaera abbreviata attack
degree, in durmast seedlings, during experimental year, 2009
Variant of fertilization The attack degree
Mt
N40P40K40
N60P60K60
N80P80K80
NH4NO3 (33%) N60
NH4NO3 (33%) N80
NH4NO3 (33%) N100
G + N40P40K40
G + N60P60K60
G + N80P80K80
G + N60
G + N80
G + N100
(%)
4.33
± d
(%)
4.83 - 0.50
5.54 - 1.21
6.31 - 1.98
3.58 + 0.75
3.95 + 0.38
4.45 - 0.12
3.49 + 0.84
3.91 + 0.42
2.73 + 1.60
3.02 + 1.31
3.18 + 1.15
Mt ns A
3.41 + 0.92
DL5% = 19.60
DL1% = 26.50
DL0.1% = 35.10
Significance of the
difference
ns AB
ns B
* BC
ns AB
ns AB
ns A
ns AB
ns AB
* BC
ns B
ns B
ns AB
Similarly to previous experimental year 2008, results obtained in 2009 emphasize
the positive influence of the mineral fertilization associated to organic fertilization on the
resistance of the durmast seedlings against powdery mildew attack degree. We not the
NPK fertilization variant in dose of N80P80K80 with poultry manure, that confer to durmast
seedlings the biggest resistance against the attack degree of Microsphaera abbreviata
mushroom, together with biggest growth stimulation concerning both colet diameter and
height.

Sabin Rareş MAN Summary of the doctoral thesis
CHAPTER VIII
RESULTS OF THE RESEARCH CONCERNING THE INTERRELATION
BETWEEN MILDEW (MICROSPHAERA ABBREVIATA) ATTACK DEGREE
UPON DURMAST SEEDLINGS (QUERCUS PETRAEA), AND THE DIAMETER
AND HEIGHT OF DURMAST SEEDLINGS, DURING EXPERIMENTAL
PERIOD
8.1.RESULTS CONCERNING THE INTER-RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE
(MICROSPHAERA ABBREVIATA) POWDERED MILDEWATTACK DEGREE AND
DURMAST SEEDLINGS HEIGHT, 2008 - 2009
The analyze of the interrelationship between the powdery mildew attack degree
and durmast seedlings height in control and experimental groups (fig. 7), led to
identification of height where the mushroom attack degree is favourized, By entire
experimental period, the control exhibits the biggest vulnerability to powdery mildew
attack on height interval 9 - 16 cm, and for experimental variants on a smaller interval,
12 – 14 cm.

Sabin Rareş MAN Summary of the doctoral thesis
HExperimental variants, mm
Fig. 7 The influence of the durmast seedlings height upon the attack degree (AD) of
powdered mildew (Microsphaera abreviata), by entire experimental period
8.2. RESULTS CONCERNING THE INTER-RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE
(MICROSPHAERA ABBREVIATA) POWDERED MILDEW ATTACK DEGREE AND
DURMAST SEEDLINGS DIAMETER, 2008 - 2009
The analyze of the interrelationship between the powdery mildew attack degree
and durmast seedlings diameter in control and experimental groups (fig. 8), led to
identification of height where the mushroom attack degree is favourized, By entire
experimental period, the control exhibits the biggest vulnerability to powdery mildew
attack on 4.70 – 5.20 mm.
GA(AD)% = 7.499 – 0.027 x HM/C – 0.132 x HE
R = 0.138, R 2 = 0.019
HC, mm
AD,
%

Sabin Rareş MAN Summary of the doctoral thesis
DExperimental variants, mm
Fig. 8. The influence of the durmast seedlings, diameter upon the attack degree (AD) of
powdered mildew (Microsphaera abreviata), by entire experimental period
CONCLUSIONS
The development of the present study emphasized some relevant conclusions
concerning the influence of fertilization upon the powdered mildew attack degree in
studied durmast seedlings:
GA(AD)% = 6.255 + 0.181 x DM/C – 0.331 x DE
R = 0.202, R 2 = 0.089
DM/DC, mm
• By entire experimental period, the average maximum value of the durmast
sedlings diameter (4.63 mm) was reported when N80P80K80 + G fertilization
variant was used, followed by NH4NO3 (33%)N60 + G (4.45 mm) with close
values to those recorded when N60P60K60 + G fertilization variant was
AD,
%

Sabin Rareş MAN Summary of the doctoral thesis
administered (4.44 mm). The smallest diameters were obtained when fertilization
variants NH4NO3(33%)N100 + G (4.04 mm) and NH4NO3(33%)N100 (3.90 mm)
were used. these values are even smaller compared to those recorded in control
(4.07 mm). The analyze of variance demonstrates the applicability of the
experimental model, meaning the study of variations of the durmast seedlings
diameter function of type and dose of administered fertilizers (F = 2.952 at 5%
significance threshold), and also that the most important source of variation is the
fertilization variant. The coefficient of variation (9.02%) reflects homogeneity
and demonstrates that the results of the analyse of variance are representative.
• The maximum average value (17.92 mm) of height by experimental period was
reported for variant where fertilization with N80P80K80 + G was performed,
followed by variants N60P60K60 + G (15.80 mm) and NH4NO3 (33%)N60 + G
(15.40 mm). The smallest heights were recorded in control (11.50 mm) and
fertilization variant where mineral fertilizer NH4NO3(33%)N100 was used (11.83
mm). The analyze of variance demonstrates the applicability of the experimental
model, meaning the study of variations of the durmast seedlings diameter function
of type and dose of administered fertilizers (F = 14.289 at 0.10% significance
threshold), and also that the most important source of variation is the fertilization
variant. The coefficient of variation (15.13%) reflects homogeneity and
demonstrates that the results of the analyse of variance are representative.
• Concerning the interrelationship between the powdery mildew (Microsphaera
abbreviata) attack degree on durmast seedlings and fertilization variant, in
experimental year 2008, the biggest attack degree was recorded in control
(9.82%). The smallest attack degrees were recorded for variants where mineral
fertilization was combined to organic fertilization (poultry manure), e.g. N80P80K80
+ poultry manure, 3.65% respectively and şi NH4NO3 + poultry manure 4.53% for
N80 doses. By entire experimental variants, the average attack degree in 2008 was
7.71%. When the not fertilized variant was considered control, positive
differences, in advantage of control, were obtained at all significance thresholds,

Sabin Rareş MAN Summary of the doctoral thesis
except variant fertilized with mineral fertilizer N80P80K80 (- 2.45%). In 2009,
similar results with 2008 were obtained, in terms of powdery mildew attack degree
evolution. Even though, we have to mention that in climatic conditions of 2009,
less favourable for Microsphaera abbreviata mushroom development, the average
attack degree was by 52% smaller, compared to 2008. The biggest attack degree
was recorded in variant fertilized at soil level with maximum dose of mineral
fertilizer N80P80K80 (6.31%), respectively, followed by attack degrees reported for
the other doses of mineral fertilizer N60P60K60 (5.54%) and N40P40K40 (4.83%). The
smallest attack degrees were recorded when organo - mineral fertilization was
administered, meaning N80P80K80 + poultry manure, 2.73%, respectively, and
NH4NO3 + poultry manure for N60 dose and 4.53% for N80 dose. By entire
experimental variants, the average attack degree in 2008 was 4.05%. When the not
fertilized variant was considered control, positive differences, in advantage of
control, were obtained at all significance thresholds, except variant fertilized with
mineral fertilizer N80P80K80 (- 2.45%), where the biggest difference was recorded,
at 5% significance threshold, followed by control and mineral fertilizers N60P60K60
(- 1.21%), N40P40K40 (- 0.50%) and NH4NO3(33%)N80 (- 0.12%), statistically not
significant (p > 0.50%).
• The NPK based fertilizers had a low influence on durmast seedlings growing
vigour , statistically not significant (p > 0.50).
• If we synthesize the results of the analyze of correlations between the fertilization
variants and attack degrees, by both experimental years, we notice the
concordance between them. Between powdery mildew attack degree and mineral
fertilization with three doses of NPK, positive strong and very strong correlations
high representative, were reported, showing the increase of the attack degree in the
mean time with doses of fertilizers. When NPK mineral fertilization was applied
together with poultry manure, we obtain negative strong correlations, showing the
positive influence of the combination NPK mineral fertilization poultry manure
upon the durmast seedlings resistance against powdery mildew attack degree.
• Concerning NH4NO3 mineral fertilization and NH4NO3 mineral fertilization
combined with organic fertilizer (poultry manure) for the same analyzed variants

Sabin Rareş MAN Summary of the doctoral thesis
and experimental period, we notice negative strong correlations between these
fertilization variants and powdery mildew attack degree. In this way we notice the
positive influence of this mineral fertilizer, administered alone or in combination
with poultry manure for increasing the durmast seedlings resistance against
Microsphaera abbreviata mushroom.
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