OFR 151.pdf - CRC LEME

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Table 1: Biological and Climatic Characteristics of the Major Terrestrial Biomes (After Christopherson 1997) WATER BALANCE surplus all months MEAN TEMPERATURE always warm [21 0 -30 0 C] deficit driest months variable, > 18 0 C CLIMATE ANNUAL RAINFALL consistent daylength (12 hrs) 1600-1800 mm [> 60 mm/month] low and erratic rainfall with 1300-2000 mm with heavy summer downpours 10 0 large surplus all months C Mediterranean sclerophyll forests and woodlands mesothermal summer-dry 250-650 mm dry summers summer deficit, Shrublands sclerophyll scrub and heath climates, drought-prone winter surplus Mid Latitude Grasslands temperate grasslands, microthermal and meso- 250-750 mm temperate more or less in sclerophyll shrubland thermal summer-dry climates continental climates equilibrium Warm Desert and subtropical desert, dry arid and semi-arid < 20 mm extreme temperature Semi-desert steppe shrubland climates at low to middle range (av. 18 latitudes 0 rainfall 50% evapo-transpiration Arctic and Alpine Tundra tundra polar and highland climates 150-800 mm
TABLE 2: Classification of vegetation types in Australia (after Specht 1970) Life-form and height Foliage projective cover of canopy stratum (%) 10 0-70% 70-30% 30-10% 30 m tall closed forest tall open forest not extensive in Australia not extensive in Australia (rainforest) (wet sclerophyll forest) medium trees 10-30 m closed forest open forest woodland open woodland (rainforest) (dry sclerophyll forest) (sclerophyll woodland) (savannah woodland) low trees 2 m closed scrub open scrub tall shrubland tall open shrubland (wet scrub) (eucalypt mallee scrub) (acacia scrub) (acacia scrub) low shrubs < 2 m low closed shrubland heathland low shrubland low open shrubland (subalpine rainforest) (chenopod shrubland) (chenopod shrubland) hummock grasslands - hummock sedgeland hummock sedgeland hummock grasslands not extensive in Australia and sedgeland (buttongrass sedgeland) (buttongrass sedgeland) grasses/graminoids - closed tussock grasslands tussock grassland grasslands open grasslands open forb-field (fell-field) (rangelands) fell-field not extensive in Australia herbfield (chiefly subalpine/alpine) herbs (forbs) - herbfield (chiefly subalpine/alpine) 38
Page 1 and 2: CRCLEME Cooperative Research Centre
Page 3 and 4: Electronic copies of the publicatio
Page 5 and 6: and, for Tertiary continental seque
Page 7 and 8: 2. Analysis of a Plio-Pleistocene l
Page 9 and 10: Table A (cont.) Basin and related s
Page 11 and 12: Figure A: Generalised climatic curv
Page 13 and 14: Carpenter, R.J., Hill, R.S., Greenw
Page 15 and 16: Hill, S.M., Eggleton, R.A. and Tayl
Page 17 and 18: Macphail, M.K. and Stone, M.S., 200
Page 19 and 20: Swenson, U., Backlund, McLoughlin,
Page 22 and 23: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This review prese
Page 24 and 25: Temperature Climates in palaeo-sout
Page 26 and 27: SUMMARY OF INFERRED CRETACEOUS PALA
Page 28 and 29: INTRODUCTION Mineral resources, whe
Page 30 and 31: Professor B. Balme (Geology Departm
Page 32: Section 7 (Tertiary climates) This
Page 35 and 36: vegetation. Moreover, individual ta
Page 37: 1.3 Flora, vegetation and climate 1
Page 41 and 42: Figure 2: Relationship of different
Page 43 and 44: Accordingly, only at sites with exc
Page 45 and 46: 2.1.3 Palaeoecology Palaeoecology i
Page 47 and 48: wind-pollinated trees and shrubs bu
Page 49 and 50: 1. The usual practice of equating t
Page 51 and 52: 1. Palaeontological evidence Like p
Page 53 and 54: 5. Facies architecture and lithostr
Page 55 and 56: Subsequent developments include mel
Page 58 and 59: SECTION 4 (GEOGRAPHIC BOUNDARIES AN
Page 60 and 61: SECTION 5 (EARLY CRETACEOUS CLIMATE
Page 62 and 63: events on other continents and sugg
Page 64 and 65: If these considerations apply to th
Page 66 and 67: surrounding basins. Thick sands ero
Page 68 and 69: Haig and Lynch 1993, Erbacher et al
Page 70 and 71: SECTION 6 (LATE CRETACEOUS CLIMATES
Page 72 and 73: has highlighted the roles played by
Page 74 and 75: 6.4.2 Palaeobotany Cenomanian flora
Page 76 and 77: Palaeo-southern Australia Dryland c
Page 78 and 79: 6.7 Time Slice K-6. Late Campanian-
Page 80 and 81: 7.1. Global backdrop SECTION 7 (TER
Page 82 and 83: Explanations for the PETM are centr
Page 84 and 85: East Antarctica and strengthening o
Page 86 and 87: amplifying, pacing and potentially
Page 88 and 89:
southeastern Australia than elsewhe
Page 90 and 91:
7.4 Time Slice T-1. Paleocene [65-5
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Palaeo-southern Australia Unlike no
Page 94 and 95:
Palaeo-central Australia As for the
Page 96 and 97:
7.6.2 Palaeobotany The palaeobotani
Page 98 and 99:
Zone microfloras imply temporary wa
Page 100 and 101:
in the Bass Basin, the basal Seaspr
Page 102 and 103:
Similarly it is difficult to summar
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However, the data are emphatic that
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margin of plateau were cooler (~7 0
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fossil taxa that are morphologicall
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during Late Pleistocene glacial max
Page 112 and 113:
SECTION 8 (CONCLUSIONS) Climatic in
Page 114 and 115:
• On present indications, Early C
Page 116 and 117:
TABLE 8a: INFERRED CRETACEOUS PALAE
Page 118 and 119:
8.2 Results in prospect (recommenda
Page 120 and 121:
The 10 μm sieved, oxidised extract
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phenology. The method also provides
Page 124 and 125:
SECTION 9 (REFERENCES) Acton, G.D.
Page 126 and 127:
Ashley, P.M., Duncan, R.A. and Feeb
Page 128 and 129:
Birks, H.J.B. and Gordon, A.D., 198
Page 130 and 131:
Burnham, R.J., 1989. Relationships
Page 132 and 133:
Clarke, J.D.A., 1994. Evolution of
Page 134 and 135:
Dettmann, M.E. and Playford, G., 19
Page 136 and 137:
Evans, P.R., 1970b. Palynology of H
Page 138 and 139:
Godthelp, H., Archer, M., Cifelli,
Page 140 and 141:
Harris, W.K., 1974. Biostratigraphy
Page 142 and 143:
Hill, R.S., 1994b. Nothofagus smith
Page 144 and 145:
Holland, S.M. and Patzkowsky, M.E.,
Page 146 and 147:
Australia: paleoceanographic implic
Page 148 and 149:
Lindsay, J.M. and Harris, W.K., 196
Page 150 and 151:
Macphail, M.K., Colhoun, E.A. and F
Page 152 and 153:
McGowran, B. and Beecroft, A., 1985
Page 154 and 155:
Morgan, R., 1977. Palynology of Ter
Page 156 and 157:
Abstracts of the Annual General Mee
Page 158 and 159:
Raymo, M.E., Grant, B., Horowitz, M
Page 160 and 161:
Sereno, P.C., 1999. The evolution o
Page 162 and 163:
Taylor, G., 1998. Prediction of mod
Page 164 and 165:
Webb, L.G., 1968. Environmental rel
Page 166 and 167:
Zachos, J.C., Stott, L.D. and Lohma
Page 168 and 169:
APPENDIX 1 CRETACEOUS DATA 167
Page 170 and 171:
1. TIME SLICE K-1 Age Range: Berria
Page 172 and 173:
Australian assemblages, located on
Page 174 and 175:
2. Officer Basin Dinoflagellates in
Page 176 and 177:
2. TIME SLICE K-2 Age Range: Aptian
Page 178 and 179:
Inferred climate The combined data
Page 180 and 181:
Dettmann et al. (1992) have argued
Page 182 and 183:
3. TIME SLICE K-3 Age Range: Cenoma
Page 184 and 185:
3.2.2 North-East Australia 1. Carpe
Page 186 and 187:
4. TIME SLICE K-4 Age Range: Turoni
Page 188 and 189:
1. Otway Basin Limited data (Macpha
Page 190 and 191:
5. TIME SLICE K-5 Age Range: Early
Page 192 and 193:
Inferred climate The data indicate
Page 194 and 195:
6. TIME SLICE K-6 Age Range: Late C
Page 196 and 197:
Contrary to global cooling trends d
Page 198 and 199:
Inferred climate The relatively goo
Page 200 and 201:
Inferred climate As for regions to
Page 202 and 203:
APPENDIX 2 TERTIARY DATA 201
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1. TIME SLICE T-1 Age Range: Paleoc
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also include relatively frequent No
Page 208 and 209:
Inferred climate Some differences b
Page 210 and 211:
Microfloras preserved in the Lower
Page 212 and 213:
subtropical affinities are rare, hi
Page 214 and 215:
2. TIME SLICE T-2 Age Range: Early
Page 216 and 217:
Inferred climate Climates appear to
Page 218 and 219:
northern New South Wales. The assem
Page 220 and 221:
2.2.5 Central southern Australia Ha
Page 222 and 223:
a number of distinctive Proteaceae
Page 224 and 225:
Inferred climate The Regatta Point
Page 226 and 227:
3. TIME SLICE T-3 Age Range: Middle
Page 228 and 229:
2. Lake Torrens Basin Abundant leaf
Page 230 and 231:
Dominance is highly variable. For e
Page 232 and 233:
types (M.K. Macphail unpubl. data).
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Dacrycarpus), Euphorbiaceae (Austro
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(possibly upper mesotherm) and drie
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Basin) on the Eyre Peninsula (Alley
Page 240 and 241:
explanation is that a warm water gy
Page 242 and 243:
several taxa, which first appear in
Page 244 and 245:
4. TIME SLICE T-4 Age Range: Oligoc
Page 246 and 247:
Inferred climate The southern limit
Page 248 and 249:
The lowest and possibly the oldest
Page 250 and 251:
Dominants include fresh to brackish
Page 252 and 253:
Based on the relative abundance of
Page 254 and 255:
(Morgan 1977, McMinn 1981a, Martin
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common (up to 5-6%) in the middle s
Page 258 and 259:
Polypodiaceae, Palmae (Dicolpopolli
Page 260 and 261:
Strasburgeriaceae. Proprietary info
Page 262 and 263:
Rare taxa which first appear in the
Page 264 and 265:
Correlative microfloras in the onsh
Page 266 and 267:
impression of floristic impoverishm
Page 268 and 269:
(Lophosoria) reached Tasmania befor
Page 270 and 271:
2. Otway Basin Oxygen isotope strat
Page 272 and 273:
5. TIME SLICE T-5 Age Range: Late M
Page 274 and 275:
Casuarinaceae, Cunoniaceae, Elaeoca
Page 276 and 277:
maximum temperature of the hottest
Page 278 and 279:
Nothofagus-gymnosperm temperate rai
Page 280:
5.2.7 Tasmania Late Neogene sedimen
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