OFR 151.pdf - CRC LEME

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common (up to 5-6%) in the middle sample only. Rare taxa in this sample include Mimosaceae (Acacia) and Asteraceae (Tubuliflorae). Nothofagus (Brassospora) decreases from being common (~10%) to uncommon (1-5%) in the uppermost microflora, which also includes Cupanieae and Eucalyptus. Inferred climate The floristic succession implies relatively cool (lower mesotherm) and uniformly wet (humid) conditions in the Oligocene were succeeded by warmer (mesotherm range) conditions with a dry season. 4.2.6 South-East Australia The epicontinental Murray Basin preserves the only geographically extensive and detailed record of Oligo-Miocene floras and vegetation in Australia (Truswell et al. 1985, Macphail and Truswell 1989, 1993, Macphail and Kellett 1993, Macphail et al. 1993, Martin 1994, Macphail 1999). Thick carbonates accumulating in the offshore Gippsland Basin during Oligo-Miocene time form the seal for hydrocarbons accumulating in the underlying Latrobe Group. As such they are seldom sampled for palynology. Exceptions are (1) a thin sequence of earliest Oligocene (Foram Zone J-2) marls in the south-west of the basin and (2) geotechnical cores obtained during construction of the Flounder-5 and Hapuku-1 production platforms (Rexilius 1985, Macphail 1997b, A.D. Partridge and M.K. Macphail unpubl. results). Palaeobotanical studies of the Morwell-Yallourn brown coal deposits in the onshore Gippsland Basin are complemented by analyses of the associated microfloras (Luly et al. 1980, Sluiter and Kershaw 1982, Bolger 1991, Holdgate and Sluiter 1991, Kershaw et al. 1991, Blackburn and Sluiter 1994, Holdgate et al. 2000). Other sites occur on the central and south-west slopes, Southeastern Highlands and South Coast of New South Wales. 1. Northern Tableland of New South Wales Sediments near Inverell on the New England Tableland are associated with Early Oligocene and Early Miocene basalts (Wellman and McDougall 1967, McMinn 1987, 1988, 1989f, Pickett et al. 1990). The associated Oligo-Miocene microfloras (some of which include Canthiumidites bellus) are wholly dominated by Nothofagus (Brassospora) spp. (37-89%). Other commonly occurring taxa are Blechnaceae, Cyatheaceae, Podocarpaceae (Podocarpus- Prumnopitys), Casuarinaceae, Ericales and Myrtaceae. Rare taxa include the fern Lophosoria (Cyatheacidites annulatus). Inferred climate The data indicate cool (microtherm range) and uniformly wet conditions. These conditions are likely to have been created by cloudy conditions or frequent mists due to uplift of moist air from the Tasman Sea. 2. Central slopes of New South Wales McMinn (1981b) has described a probable Canthiumidites bellus Zone equivalent microflora from the Home Rule Kaolin Pit near Dubbo. Commonly occurring taxa are Nothofagus (Brassospora) spp. (18-63%), Proteaceae (up to 16%), non-eucalypt Myrtaceae (up to 5%), Dacrydium (4%), Calochlaena (up to 56%) and Blechnaceae (7-19%). Rare taxa include Araucariaceae (Araucaria) and Symplocos. Plant impressions are common in carbonaceous clay units. The source vegetation is likely to have been a gallery rainforest. 255
Inferred climate The high relative abundance of Nothofagus (Brassospora) spp. and cryptogams imply relatively cool (lower mesotherm) and uniformly wet (perhumid) conditions within the palaeochannel. 3. Central Coast of New South Wales Canthiumidites bellus Zone Equivalent microfloras recovered from Little Bay, Sydney, provide a detailed record of estuarine communities growing in the Sydney region during the mid Miocene ‘thermal maximum’ (Pickett et al. 1990). Assemblages are dominated by Nothofagidites (Brassospora) spp. (av. 80%) associated with low values of Araucaria (av. 3%), Nothofagidites (Lophozonia) spp. (av. 7%), non-eucalypt Myrtaceae (av. 6%), Casuarinaceae (3%), Eucalyptus (av. 2%) and unidentified tricolporates. Uncommon taxa (
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CRCLEME Cooperative Research Centre
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Electronic copies of the publicatio
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and, for Tertiary continental seque
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2. Analysis of a Plio-Pleistocene l
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Table A (cont.) Basin and related s
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Figure A: Generalised climatic curv
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Carpenter, R.J., Hill, R.S., Greenw
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Hill, S.M., Eggleton, R.A. and Tayl
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Macphail, M.K. and Stone, M.S., 200
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Swenson, U., Backlund, McLoughlin,
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This review prese
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Temperature Climates in palaeo-sout
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SUMMARY OF INFERRED CRETACEOUS PALA
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INTRODUCTION Mineral resources, whe
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Professor B. Balme (Geology Departm
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Section 7 (Tertiary climates) This
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vegetation. Moreover, individual ta
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1.3 Flora, vegetation and climate 1
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TABLE 2: Classification of vegetati
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Figure 2: Relationship of different
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Accordingly, only at sites with exc
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2.1.3 Palaeoecology Palaeoecology i
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wind-pollinated trees and shrubs bu
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1. The usual practice of equating t
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1. Palaeontological evidence Like p
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5. Facies architecture and lithostr
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Subsequent developments include mel
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SECTION 4 (GEOGRAPHIC BOUNDARIES AN
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SECTION 5 (EARLY CRETACEOUS CLIMATE
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events on other continents and sugg
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If these considerations apply to th
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surrounding basins. Thick sands ero
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Haig and Lynch 1993, Erbacher et al
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SECTION 6 (LATE CRETACEOUS CLIMATES
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has highlighted the roles played by
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6.4.2 Palaeobotany Cenomanian flora
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Palaeo-southern Australia Dryland c
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6.7 Time Slice K-6. Late Campanian-
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7.1. Global backdrop SECTION 7 (TER
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Explanations for the PETM are centr
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East Antarctica and strengthening o
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amplifying, pacing and potentially
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southeastern Australia than elsewhe
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7.4 Time Slice T-1. Paleocene [65-5
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Palaeo-southern Australia Unlike no
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Palaeo-central Australia As for the
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7.6.2 Palaeobotany The palaeobotani
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Zone microfloras imply temporary wa
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in the Bass Basin, the basal Seaspr
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Similarly it is difficult to summar
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However, the data are emphatic that
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margin of plateau were cooler (~7 0
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fossil taxa that are morphologicall
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during Late Pleistocene glacial max
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SECTION 8 (CONCLUSIONS) Climatic in
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• On present indications, Early C
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TABLE 8a: INFERRED CRETACEOUS PALAE
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8.2 Results in prospect (recommenda
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The 10 μm sieved, oxidised extract
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phenology. The method also provides
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SECTION 9 (REFERENCES) Acton, G.D.
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Ashley, P.M., Duncan, R.A. and Feeb
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Birks, H.J.B. and Gordon, A.D., 198
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Burnham, R.J., 1989. Relationships
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Clarke, J.D.A., 1994. Evolution of
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Dettmann, M.E. and Playford, G., 19
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Evans, P.R., 1970b. Palynology of H
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Godthelp, H., Archer, M., Cifelli,
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Harris, W.K., 1974. Biostratigraphy
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Hill, R.S., 1994b. Nothofagus smith
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Holland, S.M. and Patzkowsky, M.E.,
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Australia: paleoceanographic implic
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Lindsay, J.M. and Harris, W.K., 196
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Macphail, M.K., Colhoun, E.A. and F
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McGowran, B. and Beecroft, A., 1985
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Morgan, R., 1977. Palynology of Ter
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Abstracts of the Annual General Mee
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Raymo, M.E., Grant, B., Horowitz, M
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Sereno, P.C., 1999. The evolution o
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Taylor, G., 1998. Prediction of mod
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Webb, L.G., 1968. Environmental rel
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Zachos, J.C., Stott, L.D. and Lohma
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APPENDIX 1 CRETACEOUS DATA 167
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1. TIME SLICE K-1 Age Range: Berria
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Australian assemblages, located on
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2. Officer Basin Dinoflagellates in
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2. TIME SLICE K-2 Age Range: Aptian
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Inferred climate The combined data
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Dettmann et al. (1992) have argued
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3. TIME SLICE K-3 Age Range: Cenoma
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3.2.2 North-East Australia 1. Carpe
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4. TIME SLICE K-4 Age Range: Turoni
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1. Otway Basin Limited data (Macpha
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5. TIME SLICE K-5 Age Range: Early
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Inferred climate The data indicate
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6. TIME SLICE K-6 Age Range: Late C
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Contrary to global cooling trends d
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Inferred climate The relatively goo
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Inferred climate As for regions to
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APPENDIX 2 TERTIARY DATA 201
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1. TIME SLICE T-1 Age Range: Paleoc
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Page 214 and 215: 2. TIME SLICE T-2 Age Range: Early
Page 216 and 217: Inferred climate Climates appear to
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Page 220 and 221: 2.2.5 Central southern Australia Ha
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Page 224 and 225: Inferred climate The Regatta Point
Page 226 and 227: 3. TIME SLICE T-3 Age Range: Middle
Page 228 and 229: 2. Lake Torrens Basin Abundant leaf
Page 230 and 231: Dominance is highly variable. For e
Page 232 and 233: types (M.K. Macphail unpubl. data).
Page 234 and 235: Dacrycarpus), Euphorbiaceae (Austro
Page 236 and 237: (possibly upper mesotherm) and drie
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Page 240 and 241: explanation is that a warm water gy
Page 242 and 243: several taxa, which first appear in
Page 244 and 245: 4. TIME SLICE T-4 Age Range: Oligoc
Page 246 and 247: Inferred climate The southern limit
Page 248 and 249: The lowest and possibly the oldest
Page 250 and 251: Dominants include fresh to brackish
Page 252 and 253: Based on the relative abundance of
Page 254 and 255: (Morgan 1977, McMinn 1981a, Martin
Page 258 and 259: Polypodiaceae, Palmae (Dicolpopolli
Page 260 and 261: Strasburgeriaceae. Proprietary info
Page 262 and 263: Rare taxa which first appear in the
Page 264 and 265: Correlative microfloras in the onsh
Page 266 and 267: impression of floristic impoverishm
Page 268 and 269: (Lophosoria) reached Tasmania befor
Page 270 and 271: 2. Otway Basin Oxygen isotope strat
Page 272 and 273: 5. TIME SLICE T-5 Age Range: Late M
Page 274 and 275: Casuarinaceae, Cunoniaceae, Elaeoca
Page 276 and 277: maximum temperature of the hottest
Page 278 and 279: Nothofagus-gymnosperm temperate rai
Page 280: 5.2.7 Tasmania Late Neogene sedimen
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