OFR 151.pdf - CRC LEME

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Mike Macphail CRC LEME OPEN FILE REPORT 151 November 2007 CRC LEME 2007 CRCLEME Cooperative Research Centre for Landscape Environments and Mineral Exploration AUSTRALIAN PALAEOCLIMATES: CRETACEOUS TO TERTIARY A review of palaeobotanical and related evidence to the year 2000 SPECIAL VOLUME CRC LEME is an unincorporated joint venture between CSIRO-Exploration & Mining, and Land & Water, The Australian National University, Curtin University of Technology, University of Adelaide, Geoscience Australia, Primary Industries and Resources SA, NSW Department of Primary Industries and Minerals Council of Australia. Headquarters: CRC LEME c/o CSIRO Exploration and Mining, PO Box 1130, Bentley WA 6102, Australia
Electronic copies of the publication in PDF format can be downloaded from the CRC LEME website: http://crcleme.org.au/Pubs/OFRIndex.html. Information on this or other LEME publications can be obtained from http://crcleme.org.au Hard copies will be retained in the Australian National Library, the Western Australian State Reference Library, and Libraries at The Australian National University and Geoscience Australia, Canberra, The University of Adelaide and Australian Resources Research Centre, Kensington, Western Australia. Reference: Mcphail M. 2007. Australian Palaeoclimates: Cretaceous to Tertiary - A review of palaeobotanical and related evidence to the year 2000. CRC LEME Special Volume Open File Report 151, 266pp. Keywords: 1. Australian Palaeoclimate. 2. Palaeobotanical. 3. Palaeontological studies. 4. Palaeoclimatic ISSN 1329 4768 ISBN 1 921039 75 2 Affiliations and addresses: Dr. Mike Macphail: Consultant Palynological Services 13 Walu Place, Aranda, ACT 2614 Department of Archaeology and Natural History Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies Australian National University Canberra, ACT 0200 Publisher: CRC LEME c/o CSIRO Exploration and Mining PO Box 1130 Bentley, Western Australia 6102 Disclaimer The user accepts all risks and responsibility for losses, damages, costs and other consequences resulting directly or indirectly from using any information or material contained in this report. To the maximum permitted by law, CRC LEME excludes all liability to any person arising directly or indirectly from using any information or material contained in this report. © This report is Copyright of the Cooperative Research Centre for Landscape Environments and Mineral Exploration, (2007), which resides with its Core Participants: CSIRO Exploration and Mining and Land and Water, The Australian National University, Curtin University of Technology, The University of Adelaide, Geoscience Australia, Primary Industry and Resources SA, NSW Department of Primary Industries and Minerals Council of Australia. Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of private study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under Copyright Act, no part may be reproduced or reused by any process whatsoever, without prior written approval from the Core Participants mentioned above. 2
Page 1: CRCLEME Cooperative Research Centre
Page 5 and 6: and, for Tertiary continental seque
Page 7 and 8: 2. Analysis of a Plio-Pleistocene l
Page 9 and 10: Table A (cont.) Basin and related s
Page 11 and 12: Figure A: Generalised climatic curv
Page 13 and 14: Carpenter, R.J., Hill, R.S., Greenw
Page 15 and 16: Hill, S.M., Eggleton, R.A. and Tayl
Page 17 and 18: Macphail, M.K. and Stone, M.S., 200
Page 19 and 20: Swenson, U., Backlund, McLoughlin,
Page 22 and 23: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This review prese
Page 24 and 25: Temperature Climates in palaeo-sout
Page 26 and 27: SUMMARY OF INFERRED CRETACEOUS PALA
Page 28 and 29: INTRODUCTION Mineral resources, whe
Page 30 and 31: Professor B. Balme (Geology Departm
Page 32: Section 7 (Tertiary climates) This
Page 35 and 36: vegetation. Moreover, individual ta
Page 37 and 38: 1.3 Flora, vegetation and climate 1
Page 39 and 40: TABLE 2: Classification of vegetati
Page 41 and 42: Figure 2: Relationship of different
Page 43 and 44: Accordingly, only at sites with exc
Page 45 and 46: 2.1.3 Palaeoecology Palaeoecology i
Page 47 and 48: wind-pollinated trees and shrubs bu
Page 49 and 50: 1. The usual practice of equating t
Page 51 and 52: 1. Palaeontological evidence Like p
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5. Facies architecture and lithostr
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Subsequent developments include mel
Page 58 and 59:
SECTION 4 (GEOGRAPHIC BOUNDARIES AN
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SECTION 5 (EARLY CRETACEOUS CLIMATE
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events on other continents and sugg
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If these considerations apply to th
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surrounding basins. Thick sands ero
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Haig and Lynch 1993, Erbacher et al
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SECTION 6 (LATE CRETACEOUS CLIMATES
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has highlighted the roles played by
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6.4.2 Palaeobotany Cenomanian flora
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Palaeo-southern Australia Dryland c
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6.7 Time Slice K-6. Late Campanian-
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7.1. Global backdrop SECTION 7 (TER
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Explanations for the PETM are centr
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East Antarctica and strengthening o
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amplifying, pacing and potentially
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southeastern Australia than elsewhe
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7.4 Time Slice T-1. Paleocene [65-5
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Palaeo-southern Australia Unlike no
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Palaeo-central Australia As for the
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7.6.2 Palaeobotany The palaeobotani
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Zone microfloras imply temporary wa
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in the Bass Basin, the basal Seaspr
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Similarly it is difficult to summar
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However, the data are emphatic that
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margin of plateau were cooler (~7 0
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fossil taxa that are morphologicall
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during Late Pleistocene glacial max
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SECTION 8 (CONCLUSIONS) Climatic in
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• On present indications, Early C
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TABLE 8a: INFERRED CRETACEOUS PALAE
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8.2 Results in prospect (recommenda
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The 10 μm sieved, oxidised extract
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phenology. The method also provides
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SECTION 9 (REFERENCES) Acton, G.D.
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Ashley, P.M., Duncan, R.A. and Feeb
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Birks, H.J.B. and Gordon, A.D., 198
Page 130 and 131:
Burnham, R.J., 1989. Relationships
Page 132 and 133:
Clarke, J.D.A., 1994. Evolution of
Page 134 and 135:
Dettmann, M.E. and Playford, G., 19
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Evans, P.R., 1970b. Palynology of H
Page 138 and 139:
Godthelp, H., Archer, M., Cifelli,
Page 140 and 141:
Harris, W.K., 1974. Biostratigraphy
Page 142 and 143:
Hill, R.S., 1994b. Nothofagus smith
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Holland, S.M. and Patzkowsky, M.E.,
Page 146 and 147:
Australia: paleoceanographic implic
Page 148 and 149:
Lindsay, J.M. and Harris, W.K., 196
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Macphail, M.K., Colhoun, E.A. and F
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McGowran, B. and Beecroft, A., 1985
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Morgan, R., 1977. Palynology of Ter
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Abstracts of the Annual General Mee
Page 158 and 159:
Raymo, M.E., Grant, B., Horowitz, M
Page 160 and 161:
Sereno, P.C., 1999. The evolution o
Page 162 and 163:
Taylor, G., 1998. Prediction of mod
Page 164 and 165:
Webb, L.G., 1968. Environmental rel
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Zachos, J.C., Stott, L.D. and Lohma
Page 168 and 169:
APPENDIX 1 CRETACEOUS DATA 167
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1. TIME SLICE K-1 Age Range: Berria
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Australian assemblages, located on
Page 174 and 175:
2. Officer Basin Dinoflagellates in
Page 176 and 177:
2. TIME SLICE K-2 Age Range: Aptian
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Inferred climate The combined data
Page 180 and 181:
Dettmann et al. (1992) have argued
Page 182 and 183:
3. TIME SLICE K-3 Age Range: Cenoma
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3.2.2 North-East Australia 1. Carpe
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4. TIME SLICE K-4 Age Range: Turoni
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1. Otway Basin Limited data (Macpha
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5. TIME SLICE K-5 Age Range: Early
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Inferred climate The data indicate
Page 194 and 195:
6. TIME SLICE K-6 Age Range: Late C
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Contrary to global cooling trends d
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Inferred climate The relatively goo
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Inferred climate As for regions to
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APPENDIX 2 TERTIARY DATA 201
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1. TIME SLICE T-1 Age Range: Paleoc
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also include relatively frequent No
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Inferred climate Some differences b
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Microfloras preserved in the Lower
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subtropical affinities are rare, hi
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2. TIME SLICE T-2 Age Range: Early
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Inferred climate Climates appear to
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northern New South Wales. The assem
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2.2.5 Central southern Australia Ha
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a number of distinctive Proteaceae
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Inferred climate The Regatta Point
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3. TIME SLICE T-3 Age Range: Middle
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2. Lake Torrens Basin Abundant leaf
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Dominance is highly variable. For e
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types (M.K. Macphail unpubl. data).
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Dacrycarpus), Euphorbiaceae (Austro
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(possibly upper mesotherm) and drie
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Basin) on the Eyre Peninsula (Alley
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explanation is that a warm water gy
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several taxa, which first appear in
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4. TIME SLICE T-4 Age Range: Oligoc
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Inferred climate The southern limit
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The lowest and possibly the oldest
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Dominants include fresh to brackish
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Based on the relative abundance of
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(Morgan 1977, McMinn 1981a, Martin
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common (up to 5-6%) in the middle s
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Polypodiaceae, Palmae (Dicolpopolli
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Strasburgeriaceae. Proprietary info
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Rare taxa which first appear in the
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Correlative microfloras in the onsh
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impression of floristic impoverishm
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(Lophosoria) reached Tasmania befor
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2. Otway Basin Oxygen isotope strat
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5. TIME SLICE T-5 Age Range: Late M
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Casuarinaceae, Cunoniaceae, Elaeoca
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maximum temperature of the hottest
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Nothofagus-gymnosperm temperate rai
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5.2.7 Tasmania Late Neogene sedimen
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