OFR 151.pdf - CRC LEME

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6. TIME SLICE K-6 Age Range: Late Campanian-Maastrichtian [~70-65 Ma] Zones: Tricolporites lilliei to Forcipites longus Zones Isabelidinium korojonense to Manumiella druggii Zones 6.1 Macrofossil Floras Unidentified plant cuticle usually is a major component in microfossil preparations. 6.2 Microfossil Floras Tricolporites lilliei and/or Forcipites longus Zone palynofloras are preserved in the offshore basins along the southern and northwestern margins and, less commonly, in central Australia. These provide evidence for massive adaptive radiation of the Proteaceae during the Late Campanian, and a marked north to south provincialism in the composition of the dryland vegetation during the Maastrichtian. Examples of species that are common to abundant along the southern margin but only sporadically recorded in correlative microfloras from northern and central Australia are: Dacrycarpus (Dacrycarpites australiensis), Dacrydium (Lygistepollenites balmei, L. florinii), Lagarostrobos, Agathis/Wollemia (Dilwynites), Gambierina and Nothofagidites senectus. Many of these taxa first evolved or migrated into Australia from high latitude remnants of western Gondwana during the Campanian and it is reasonable to assume that all had strong preferences for humid-perhumid habitats and were adapted to seasonally cool-cold (microtherm range) temperatures and low light intensities. However the relative abundance of ancestral Nothofagus remains the primary indicator of seasonal humidity. Fossil pollen types that are extremely rare (or absent) on the southern margin but which routinely occur in the North West Shelf assemblages include a robust variant of Tricolporites lilliei (Neoscortechinia-type), Longapertites (Palmae), Integricorpus (Triprojectacites), and Anacolosidites sp. cf. A. acutullus (Anacolosa). Most of these have NLRs that are confined to coastal and/or wet forest types in tropical Africa, Madagascar and Asia and it is reasonable to assume that the taxa indicate seasonally warm (mesotherm range) and seasonally perhumid (possibly monsoonal) conditions. This conclusion is supported by distribution data. For example, Anacolosidites and Integricorpus do not reach the southern margin basins until the Palaeogene whilst Longapertites is not recorded south of central Australia. One fossil spore type which first appears in the Campanian (Cyathidites splendens) is nearly identical to spores produced by the tropical mangrove fern Acrostichum aureum, although it is premature to assume the taxon is evidence for saline environments. Many northern microfloras include significant numbers of very small (
6.2.1 North-West Australia Late Campanian-Maastrichtian sediments are widely preserved on the North West Shelf but few have been sampled for fossil pollen and spores during exploration programs. Exceptions include Cobra-1, Darwinia-1 and Heyward-1 (M.K. Macphail unpubl. results). Because of low yields and suspected down-hole contamination, it is uncertain whether observed trends in relative abundance reflect changes in the source vegetation or variation in miospore transport and/or accumulation in shallow marine environments. 1. Bonaparte Basin The most detailed record to date for northern Australia comes from undifferentiated Isabelidinium korojonense-Manumiella druggii Zone microfloras preserved in Jacaranda-1 (palaeolatitude ~50 0 S) in the Bonaparte Basin (Helby and Partridge 1985, M.K. Macphail unpubl. results). Taxa that are more common within stratigraphically deeper (Late Campanian-possibly Early Maastrichtian) levels include Ephedra, brachyphyll araucarians (Balmeiopsis), podocarps (Podocarpus-Prumnopitys), small (
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CRCLEME Cooperative Research Centre
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Electronic copies of the publicatio
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and, for Tertiary continental seque
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2. Analysis of a Plio-Pleistocene l
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Table A (cont.) Basin and related s
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Figure A: Generalised climatic curv
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Carpenter, R.J., Hill, R.S., Greenw
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Hill, S.M., Eggleton, R.A. and Tayl
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Macphail, M.K. and Stone, M.S., 200
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Swenson, U., Backlund, McLoughlin,
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This review prese
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Temperature Climates in palaeo-sout
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SUMMARY OF INFERRED CRETACEOUS PALA
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INTRODUCTION Mineral resources, whe
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Professor B. Balme (Geology Departm
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Section 7 (Tertiary climates) This
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vegetation. Moreover, individual ta
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1.3 Flora, vegetation and climate 1
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TABLE 2: Classification of vegetati
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Figure 2: Relationship of different
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Accordingly, only at sites with exc
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2.1.3 Palaeoecology Palaeoecology i
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wind-pollinated trees and shrubs bu
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1. The usual practice of equating t
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1. Palaeontological evidence Like p
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5. Facies architecture and lithostr
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Subsequent developments include mel
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SECTION 4 (GEOGRAPHIC BOUNDARIES AN
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SECTION 5 (EARLY CRETACEOUS CLIMATE
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events on other continents and sugg
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If these considerations apply to th
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surrounding basins. Thick sands ero
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Haig and Lynch 1993, Erbacher et al
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SECTION 6 (LATE CRETACEOUS CLIMATES
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has highlighted the roles played by
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6.4.2 Palaeobotany Cenomanian flora
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Palaeo-southern Australia Dryland c
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6.7 Time Slice K-6. Late Campanian-
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7.1. Global backdrop SECTION 7 (TER
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Explanations for the PETM are centr
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East Antarctica and strengthening o
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amplifying, pacing and potentially
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southeastern Australia than elsewhe
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7.4 Time Slice T-1. Paleocene [65-5
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Palaeo-southern Australia Unlike no
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Palaeo-central Australia As for the
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7.6.2 Palaeobotany The palaeobotani
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Zone microfloras imply temporary wa
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in the Bass Basin, the basal Seaspr
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Similarly it is difficult to summar
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However, the data are emphatic that
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margin of plateau were cooler (~7 0
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fossil taxa that are morphologicall
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during Late Pleistocene glacial max
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SECTION 8 (CONCLUSIONS) Climatic in
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• On present indications, Early C
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TABLE 8a: INFERRED CRETACEOUS PALAE
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8.2 Results in prospect (recommenda
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The 10 μm sieved, oxidised extract
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phenology. The method also provides
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SECTION 9 (REFERENCES) Acton, G.D.
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Ashley, P.M., Duncan, R.A. and Feeb
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Birks, H.J.B. and Gordon, A.D., 198
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Burnham, R.J., 1989. Relationships
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Clarke, J.D.A., 1994. Evolution of
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Dettmann, M.E. and Playford, G., 19
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Evans, P.R., 1970b. Palynology of H
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Godthelp, H., Archer, M., Cifelli,
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Harris, W.K., 1974. Biostratigraphy
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Hill, R.S., 1994b. Nothofagus smith
Page 144 and 145: Holland, S.M. and Patzkowsky, M.E.,
Page 146 and 147: Australia: paleoceanographic implic
Page 148 and 149: Lindsay, J.M. and Harris, W.K., 196
Page 150 and 151: Macphail, M.K., Colhoun, E.A. and F
Page 152 and 153: McGowran, B. and Beecroft, A., 1985
Page 154 and 155: Morgan, R., 1977. Palynology of Ter
Page 156 and 157: Abstracts of the Annual General Mee
Page 158 and 159: Raymo, M.E., Grant, B., Horowitz, M
Page 160 and 161: Sereno, P.C., 1999. The evolution o
Page 162 and 163: Taylor, G., 1998. Prediction of mod
Page 164 and 165: Webb, L.G., 1968. Environmental rel
Page 166 and 167: Zachos, J.C., Stott, L.D. and Lohma
Page 168 and 169: APPENDIX 1 CRETACEOUS DATA 167
Page 170 and 171: 1. TIME SLICE K-1 Age Range: Berria
Page 172 and 173: Australian assemblages, located on
Page 174 and 175: 2. Officer Basin Dinoflagellates in
Page 176 and 177: 2. TIME SLICE K-2 Age Range: Aptian
Page 178 and 179: Inferred climate The combined data
Page 180 and 181: Dettmann et al. (1992) have argued
Page 182 and 183: 3. TIME SLICE K-3 Age Range: Cenoma
Page 184 and 185: 3.2.2 North-East Australia 1. Carpe
Page 186 and 187: 4. TIME SLICE K-4 Age Range: Turoni
Page 188 and 189: 1. Otway Basin Limited data (Macpha
Page 190 and 191: 5. TIME SLICE K-5 Age Range: Early
Page 192 and 193: Inferred climate The data indicate
Page 196 and 197: Contrary to global cooling trends d
Page 198 and 199: Inferred climate The relatively goo
Page 200 and 201: Inferred climate As for regions to
Page 202 and 203: APPENDIX 2 TERTIARY DATA 201
Page 204 and 205: 1. TIME SLICE T-1 Age Range: Paleoc
Page 206 and 207: also include relatively frequent No
Page 208 and 209: Inferred climate Some differences b
Page 210 and 211: Microfloras preserved in the Lower
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Page 214 and 215: 2. TIME SLICE T-2 Age Range: Early
Page 216 and 217: Inferred climate Climates appear to
Page 218 and 219: northern New South Wales. The assem
Page 220 and 221: 2.2.5 Central southern Australia Ha
Page 222 and 223: a number of distinctive Proteaceae
Page 224 and 225: Inferred climate The Regatta Point
Page 226 and 227: 3. TIME SLICE T-3 Age Range: Middle
Page 228 and 229: 2. Lake Torrens Basin Abundant leaf
Page 230 and 231: Dominance is highly variable. For e
Page 232 and 233: types (M.K. Macphail unpubl. data).
Page 234 and 235: Dacrycarpus), Euphorbiaceae (Austro
Page 236 and 237: (possibly upper mesotherm) and drie
Page 238 and 239: Basin) on the Eyre Peninsula (Alley
Page 240 and 241: explanation is that a warm water gy
Page 242 and 243: several taxa, which first appear in
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4. TIME SLICE T-4 Age Range: Oligoc
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Inferred climate The southern limit
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The lowest and possibly the oldest
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Dominants include fresh to brackish
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Based on the relative abundance of
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(Morgan 1977, McMinn 1981a, Martin
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common (up to 5-6%) in the middle s
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Polypodiaceae, Palmae (Dicolpopolli
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Strasburgeriaceae. Proprietary info
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Rare taxa which first appear in the
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Correlative microfloras in the onsh
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impression of floristic impoverishm
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(Lophosoria) reached Tasmania befor
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2. Otway Basin Oxygen isotope strat
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5. TIME SLICE T-5 Age Range: Late M
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Casuarinaceae, Cunoniaceae, Elaeoca
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maximum temperature of the hottest
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Nothofagus-gymnosperm temperate rai
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5.2.7 Tasmania Late Neogene sedimen
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