OFR 151.pdf - CRC LEME

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2. Officer Basin Dinoflagellates indicate that Early Cretaceous palynofloras from the Samuel Formation, Officer Basin, are possible Barremian to Early Aptian (cf. Kemp 1976a, Backhouse 1988). Podocarps (Microcachrys, Podocarpus-Prumnopitys) are abundant, cryptogams are common, cheirolepidiacean conifers are uncommon and cycads are rare. Inferred climate The combined data confirm humid conditions extended along (and inland from) the palaeonorthwestern margin. Temperatures are presumed to have been equable (lower mesotherm) relative to regions at higher palaeolatitudes or within the centre of the continent due to the marine influence. 1.2.5 Central southern Australia 1. Southern Eromanga Basin Latest Jurassic to basal Valanginian microfloras from the Ooldea Range district in south-west South Australia, are dominated by spores (Alley et al. 1996). Major taxa include lycopods (19%), Osmundaceae (18%), and Cyatheaceae (13%). Gymnosperms are uncommon with Microcachrys (6%), Araucariaceae (9%) and Cheirolepidaceae (5%) being the only prominent taxa. 2. Duntroon Basin Foraminisporis wonthaggiensis Zone assemblages occur in the Troas-1 and Vivonne-1 wells, drilled in the offshore Duntroon Basin, eastern Bight (Morgan and Hooker 1993a, 1993b). Dominant taxa are Cyatheaceae (Cyathidites) and pteridosperms (Alisporites). Common taxa include lycopods (Ceratosporites/Nevesisporites, Retitriletes), ferns such as Osmundaceae (Osmundacites), and a podocarp (Microcachrys). Inferred climate Both areas were located at a palaeolatitude of ~65 0 S, close to or within the developing Australo-Antarctic Rift System, which then formed the palaeo-western margin. The high relative abundance of cryptogams to gymnosperms is atypical and it is possible that the mild conditions (humid, lower mesotherm) reflect the presence of freshwater lakes or marine environments to the palaeo-north, in the Valanginian. 1.2.6 South-East Australia 1. Otway and Gippsland Basins Microfloras preserved in the Gippsland and Otway Basins have been a focus for palynostratigraphic research for the past ~40 years (Dettmann 1963, Wagstaff and McEwen Mason 1989) but few quantitative data are available for the Berriasian to Barremian. Inferred climate Dettmann et al. (1992) have concluded that rift valleys in southeastern Australia were more densely vegetated (possibly forested) than the Eromanga and Surat Basins despite the similar 173
palaeolatitude (~70 0 S). If correct, then climates will have been wet (perhumid) with relatively warm (lower mesotherm) winters compared to the Eromanga Basin. 1.3 Other records 1.3.1 North-East Australia 1. Carpentaria Basin Glendonites and dropstones in Valanginian and younger Early Cretaceous sediments in the Carpentaria Basin are firm evidence that temperatures fell below freezing point (microtherm range) during winter at palaeolatitudes of about 65-70 0 S on the palaeo-eastern margin of the continent (Frakes 1999). 1.3.2 Central Australia 1. Eromanga and Surat Basins Glendonites and dropstones in Valanginian to possible Barremian sediments in the Eromanga and Surat Basins are interpreted as evidence for floating ice-floes in the Eromanga-Surat Seaway and, by extrapolation, for temperate glaciers on uplands south and west of the Eromanga Basin (Frakes et al. 1995, Frakes 1999). 174
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CRCLEME Cooperative Research Centre
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Electronic copies of the publicatio
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and, for Tertiary continental seque
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2. Analysis of a Plio-Pleistocene l
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Table A (cont.) Basin and related s
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Figure A: Generalised climatic curv
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Carpenter, R.J., Hill, R.S., Greenw
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Hill, S.M., Eggleton, R.A. and Tayl
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Macphail, M.K. and Stone, M.S., 200
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Swenson, U., Backlund, McLoughlin,
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This review prese
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Temperature Climates in palaeo-sout
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SUMMARY OF INFERRED CRETACEOUS PALA
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INTRODUCTION Mineral resources, whe
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Professor B. Balme (Geology Departm
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Section 7 (Tertiary climates) This
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vegetation. Moreover, individual ta
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1.3 Flora, vegetation and climate 1
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TABLE 2: Classification of vegetati
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Figure 2: Relationship of different
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Accordingly, only at sites with exc
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2.1.3 Palaeoecology Palaeoecology i
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wind-pollinated trees and shrubs bu
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1. The usual practice of equating t
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1. Palaeontological evidence Like p
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5. Facies architecture and lithostr
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Subsequent developments include mel
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SECTION 4 (GEOGRAPHIC BOUNDARIES AN
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SECTION 5 (EARLY CRETACEOUS CLIMATE
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events on other continents and sugg
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If these considerations apply to th
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surrounding basins. Thick sands ero
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Haig and Lynch 1993, Erbacher et al
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SECTION 6 (LATE CRETACEOUS CLIMATES
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has highlighted the roles played by
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6.4.2 Palaeobotany Cenomanian flora
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Palaeo-southern Australia Dryland c
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6.7 Time Slice K-6. Late Campanian-
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7.1. Global backdrop SECTION 7 (TER
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Explanations for the PETM are centr
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East Antarctica and strengthening o
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amplifying, pacing and potentially
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southeastern Australia than elsewhe
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7.4 Time Slice T-1. Paleocene [65-5
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Palaeo-southern Australia Unlike no
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Palaeo-central Australia As for the
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7.6.2 Palaeobotany The palaeobotani
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Zone microfloras imply temporary wa
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in the Bass Basin, the basal Seaspr
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Similarly it is difficult to summar
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However, the data are emphatic that
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margin of plateau were cooler (~7 0
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fossil taxa that are morphologicall
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during Late Pleistocene glacial max
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SECTION 8 (CONCLUSIONS) Climatic in
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• On present indications, Early C
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TABLE 8a: INFERRED CRETACEOUS PALAE
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8.2 Results in prospect (recommenda
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The 10 μm sieved, oxidised extract
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phenology. The method also provides
Page 124 and 125: SECTION 9 (REFERENCES) Acton, G.D.
Page 126 and 127: Ashley, P.M., Duncan, R.A. and Feeb
Page 128 and 129: Birks, H.J.B. and Gordon, A.D., 198
Page 130 and 131: Burnham, R.J., 1989. Relationships
Page 132 and 133: Clarke, J.D.A., 1994. Evolution of
Page 134 and 135: Dettmann, M.E. and Playford, G., 19
Page 136 and 137: Evans, P.R., 1970b. Palynology of H
Page 138 and 139: Godthelp, H., Archer, M., Cifelli,
Page 140 and 141: Harris, W.K., 1974. Biostratigraphy
Page 142 and 143: Hill, R.S., 1994b. Nothofagus smith
Page 144 and 145: Holland, S.M. and Patzkowsky, M.E.,
Page 146 and 147: Australia: paleoceanographic implic
Page 148 and 149: Lindsay, J.M. and Harris, W.K., 196
Page 150 and 151: Macphail, M.K., Colhoun, E.A. and F
Page 152 and 153: McGowran, B. and Beecroft, A., 1985
Page 154 and 155: Morgan, R., 1977. Palynology of Ter
Page 156 and 157: Abstracts of the Annual General Mee
Page 158 and 159: Raymo, M.E., Grant, B., Horowitz, M
Page 160 and 161: Sereno, P.C., 1999. The evolution o
Page 162 and 163: Taylor, G., 1998. Prediction of mod
Page 164 and 165: Webb, L.G., 1968. Environmental rel
Page 166 and 167: Zachos, J.C., Stott, L.D. and Lohma
Page 168 and 169: APPENDIX 1 CRETACEOUS DATA 167
Page 170 and 171: 1. TIME SLICE K-1 Age Range: Berria
Page 172 and 173: Australian assemblages, located on
Page 176 and 177: 2. TIME SLICE K-2 Age Range: Aptian
Page 178 and 179: Inferred climate The combined data
Page 180 and 181: Dettmann et al. (1992) have argued
Page 182 and 183: 3. TIME SLICE K-3 Age Range: Cenoma
Page 184 and 185: 3.2.2 North-East Australia 1. Carpe
Page 186 and 187: 4. TIME SLICE K-4 Age Range: Turoni
Page 188 and 189: 1. Otway Basin Limited data (Macpha
Page 190 and 191: 5. TIME SLICE K-5 Age Range: Early
Page 192 and 193: Inferred climate The data indicate
Page 194 and 195: 6. TIME SLICE K-6 Age Range: Late C
Page 196 and 197: Contrary to global cooling trends d
Page 198 and 199: Inferred climate The relatively goo
Page 200 and 201: Inferred climate As for regions to
Page 202 and 203: APPENDIX 2 TERTIARY DATA 201
Page 204 and 205: 1. TIME SLICE T-1 Age Range: Paleoc
Page 206 and 207: also include relatively frequent No
Page 208 and 209: Inferred climate Some differences b
Page 210 and 211: Microfloras preserved in the Lower
Page 212 and 213: subtropical affinities are rare, hi
Page 214 and 215: 2. TIME SLICE T-2 Age Range: Early
Page 216 and 217: Inferred climate Climates appear to
Page 218 and 219: northern New South Wales. The assem
Page 220 and 221: 2.2.5 Central southern Australia Ha
Page 222 and 223: a number of distinctive Proteaceae
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Inferred climate The Regatta Point
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3. TIME SLICE T-3 Age Range: Middle
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2. Lake Torrens Basin Abundant leaf
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Dominance is highly variable. For e
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types (M.K. Macphail unpubl. data).
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Dacrycarpus), Euphorbiaceae (Austro
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(possibly upper mesotherm) and drie
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Basin) on the Eyre Peninsula (Alley
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explanation is that a warm water gy
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several taxa, which first appear in
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4. TIME SLICE T-4 Age Range: Oligoc
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Inferred climate The southern limit
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The lowest and possibly the oldest
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Dominants include fresh to brackish
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Based on the relative abundance of
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(Morgan 1977, McMinn 1981a, Martin
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common (up to 5-6%) in the middle s
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Polypodiaceae, Palmae (Dicolpopolli
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Strasburgeriaceae. Proprietary info
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Rare taxa which first appear in the
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Correlative microfloras in the onsh
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impression of floristic impoverishm
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(Lophosoria) reached Tasmania befor
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2. Otway Basin Oxygen isotope strat
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5. TIME SLICE T-5 Age Range: Late M
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Casuarinaceae, Cunoniaceae, Elaeoca
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maximum temperature of the hottest
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Nothofagus-gymnosperm temperate rai
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5.2.7 Tasmania Late Neogene sedimen
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