OFR 151.pdf - CRC LEME

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Holland, S.M. and Patzkowsky, M.E., 1999. Models for simulating the fossil record. Geology 27: 491-494. Holmes, W.B.K., Holmes, F.M. and Martin, H.A., 1982. Fossil Eucalyptus remains from the Middle Miocene Chalk Mountain Formation, Warrumbungle Mountains, New South Wales. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 106: 299-310. Hope, G.S., 1994. Quaternary vegetation. In: R.S. Hill (Editor), History of the Australian Vegetation: Cretaceous to Recent. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 368- 389. Horrell, M.A., 1991. Phytogeography and palaeoclimatic interpretation of the Maastrichtian. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 86: 87-138. Hovan, S.A. and Rea, D.K., 1992. Paleocene/Eocene boundary changes in atmospheric and oceanic circulation: a Southern Hemisphere record. Geology 20: 15-18. Huber, B.T., Hodell, D.A. and Hamilton, C.P., 1995. Middle-Late Cretaceous climate of the southern high latitudes: stable isotopic evidence for minimal equator-to-pole thermal gradients. GSA Bulletin 107: 1164-1191. Hughes, M.J., Carey, S.P. and Kotsonis, A., 1998. Laterite weathering and secondary gold in the Victorian gold province. In: G. Taylor and C. Pain (Editors), New Approaches to an Old Continent. 3 rd Australian Regolith Conference, Kalgoorlie 2-9 May. Cooperative Research Centre for Landscape Evolution and Mineral Exploration, Perth/Canberra, pp. 155-172. Idnurm, M., 1985. Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic palaeomagnetism of Australia – II Implications for geomagnetism and true polar wander. Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society 83: 419-433. Idnurm, M., 1986. Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic palaeomagnetism of Australia – III Biascorrected pole paths for Australia. Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society 86: 227-287. Idnurm, M. and Senior, B.R., 1978. Paleomagnetic ages of Late Cretaceous and Tertiary weathered profiles in the Eromanga Basin, Queensland. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 24: 263-277. Imgram, B. and Morgan, R., 1988. The development and status of the Mesozoic palynolostratigraphy of the North West Shelf, Australia. In: Purcell, P.G. and P.R., (Editors), The North West Shelf, Australia. Proceedings of the Petroleum Exploration Society Australia Symposium, Perth, 1988. pp. 581-590. Imgram, B. and Morgan, R., 1989. Alpha North No. 1. Palynology Report WP16/89 prepared for Marathon Petroleum Australia Ltd. (unpublished). Immenhauser, A. and Scott, R.W., 1999. Global correlation of middle Cretaceous sea-level events. Geology 27: 551-554. Ivany L.C. and Salawitch, R.J., 1993. Carbon isotope evidence for biomass burning at the K- T boundary. Geology 21: 487-490. Ivany, L.C., Patterson, W.P. and Lohmann, K.C., 2000. Cooler winters as a possible cause of mass extinctions at the Eocene/Oligocene boundary. Nature 407: 887-890. Jackson, W.D., 1968. Fire, air, water and earth – an elemental ecology of Tasmania. Proceedings of the Ecological Society of Australia 3: 9-16. Jackson, W.D., 1999. Palaeohistory of vegetation change: the last 2 million years. Flora of Australia Supplementary Series 8: 64-88. James, N.P. and Bone, Y., 2000. Eocene cool-water carbonate and biosiliceous sedimentation dynamics, St. Vincent Basin, South Australia. Sedimentology 47: 761-786. 143
Jarzen, D.M. and Dettmann, M.E., 1992. Structure and form of Austral Cretaceous Normapolles-like pollen. Geobios 25: 569-583. Jarzen, D.M. and Pocknall, D.T., 1993. Tertiary Bluffopollis scabratus (Couper) Pocknall and Mildenhall, 1984, and modern Strasburgeria pollen: a botanical comparison. New Zealand Journal of Botany 31: 185-192. Jeans, D.N., 1986. The Natural Environment. Sydney University Press, Sydney. 347 pp. Jefferson, T.H., 1992. Fossil forests from the Lower Cretaceous of Alexander Island, Antarctica. Palaeontology 25: 681-708. Jeffery, C.H., 1997. Dawn of echinoid nonplanktotrophy: coordinated shifts in development indicate environmental instability prior to the K-T boundary. Geology 25: 991-993. Jenkyns, H.C. and Wilson, P.A., 1999. Stratigraphy, palaeoceanography, and evolution of Cretaceous Pacific guyots: relics from a greenhouse Earth. American Journal of Science 299: 341-392. Johnson, K.R., Douglas, J.N., Athrep, M. and Orth, C.D., 1989. High resolution leaf-fossil record spanning the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary. Nature 340: 708-711 Jones, T.P., 1993. New morphological and chemical evidence for a wildfire origin for fusain from comparisons with modern charcoal. Special Papers in Palaeontology 49: 113- 123. Jordan, G.J., 1994. Extinct conifers and conifer diversity in the early Pleistocene of western Tasmania. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 84: 375-387. Jordan, G.J., 1995. Oligocene leaves of Epacridaceae from Little Rapid River, Tasmania, and the identification of fossil Epacridaceae leaves. Australian Systematic Botany 8: 71- 83. Jordan, G.J., 1996. Eocene continental climates and latitudinal gradients: comment. Geology 24: 1054. Jordan, G.J., 1997a. Contrasts between the climatic ranges of fossil and extant taxa: causes and consequences for palaeoclimatic estimates. Australian Journal of Botany 45: 465- 474. Jordan, G.J., 1997b. Uncertainty in palaeoclimatic reconstructions based on leaf physiognomy. Australian Journal of Botany 45: 527-547. Jordan, G.J. and Hill, R.S., 1996. The fossil record of the Epacridaceae. Annals of Botany 77: 341-346. Jordan, G.J. and Hill, R.S., 1999. The phylogenetic affinities of Nothofagus (Nothofagaceae) leaf fossils based on combined molecular and morphological data. International Journal of Plant Sciences 160: 1177-1188. Jordan, G.J., Carpenter, R.C. and Hill, R.S., 1998. The macrofossil record of Proteaceae in Tasmania: a review with new species. Australian Systematic Botany 11: 465-501. Jordan, G.J., Macphail, M.K. and Hill, R.S., 1996. A fertile pinnule with spores of Dicksonia from Early Oligocene sediments in Tasmania. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 92: 245-252. Kaiho, K. and 9 co-authors, 1999. Oceanic primary productivity and dissolved oxygen levels at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary: their decrease, subsequent warming, and recovery. Paleoceanography 14: 511-524. Kamp, P.J.J., Waghorn, D.B. and Nelson, C.S., 1990. Late Eocene-Early Oligocene integrated isotope stratigraphy and biostratigraphy for paleoshelf sequences in southern 144
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CRCLEME Cooperative Research Centre
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Electronic copies of the publicatio
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and, for Tertiary continental seque
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2. Analysis of a Plio-Pleistocene l
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Table A (cont.) Basin and related s
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Figure A: Generalised climatic curv
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Carpenter, R.J., Hill, R.S., Greenw
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Hill, S.M., Eggleton, R.A. and Tayl
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Macphail, M.K. and Stone, M.S., 200
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Swenson, U., Backlund, McLoughlin,
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This review prese
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Temperature Climates in palaeo-sout
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SUMMARY OF INFERRED CRETACEOUS PALA
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INTRODUCTION Mineral resources, whe
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Professor B. Balme (Geology Departm
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Section 7 (Tertiary climates) This
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vegetation. Moreover, individual ta
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1.3 Flora, vegetation and climate 1
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TABLE 2: Classification of vegetati
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Figure 2: Relationship of different
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Accordingly, only at sites with exc
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2.1.3 Palaeoecology Palaeoecology i
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wind-pollinated trees and shrubs bu
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1. The usual practice of equating t
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1. Palaeontological evidence Like p
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5. Facies architecture and lithostr
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Subsequent developments include mel
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SECTION 4 (GEOGRAPHIC BOUNDARIES AN
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SECTION 5 (EARLY CRETACEOUS CLIMATE
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events on other continents and sugg
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If these considerations apply to th
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surrounding basins. Thick sands ero
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Haig and Lynch 1993, Erbacher et al
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SECTION 6 (LATE CRETACEOUS CLIMATES
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has highlighted the roles played by
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6.4.2 Palaeobotany Cenomanian flora
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Palaeo-southern Australia Dryland c
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6.7 Time Slice K-6. Late Campanian-
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7.1. Global backdrop SECTION 7 (TER
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Explanations for the PETM are centr
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East Antarctica and strengthening o
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amplifying, pacing and potentially
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southeastern Australia than elsewhe
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7.4 Time Slice T-1. Paleocene [65-5
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Palaeo-southern Australia Unlike no
Page 94 and 95: Palaeo-central Australia As for the
Page 96 and 97: 7.6.2 Palaeobotany The palaeobotani
Page 98 and 99: Zone microfloras imply temporary wa
Page 100 and 101: in the Bass Basin, the basal Seaspr
Page 102 and 103: Similarly it is difficult to summar
Page 104 and 105: However, the data are emphatic that
Page 106 and 107: margin of plateau were cooler (~7 0
Page 108 and 109: fossil taxa that are morphologicall
Page 110 and 111: during Late Pleistocene glacial max
Page 112 and 113: SECTION 8 (CONCLUSIONS) Climatic in
Page 114 and 115: • On present indications, Early C
Page 116 and 117: TABLE 8a: INFERRED CRETACEOUS PALAE
Page 118 and 119: 8.2 Results in prospect (recommenda
Page 120 and 121: The 10 μm sieved, oxidised extract
Page 122 and 123: phenology. The method also provides
Page 124 and 125: SECTION 9 (REFERENCES) Acton, G.D.
Page 126 and 127: Ashley, P.M., Duncan, R.A. and Feeb
Page 128 and 129: Birks, H.J.B. and Gordon, A.D., 198
Page 130 and 131: Burnham, R.J., 1989. Relationships
Page 132 and 133: Clarke, J.D.A., 1994. Evolution of
Page 134 and 135: Dettmann, M.E. and Playford, G., 19
Page 136 and 137: Evans, P.R., 1970b. Palynology of H
Page 138 and 139: Godthelp, H., Archer, M., Cifelli,
Page 140 and 141: Harris, W.K., 1974. Biostratigraphy
Page 142 and 143: Hill, R.S., 1994b. Nothofagus smith
Page 146 and 147: Australia: paleoceanographic implic
Page 148 and 149: Lindsay, J.M. and Harris, W.K., 196
Page 150 and 151: Macphail, M.K., Colhoun, E.A. and F
Page 152 and 153: McGowran, B. and Beecroft, A., 1985
Page 154 and 155: Morgan, R., 1977. Palynology of Ter
Page 156 and 157: Abstracts of the Annual General Mee
Page 158 and 159: Raymo, M.E., Grant, B., Horowitz, M
Page 160 and 161: Sereno, P.C., 1999. The evolution o
Page 162 and 163: Taylor, G., 1998. Prediction of mod
Page 164 and 165: Webb, L.G., 1968. Environmental rel
Page 166 and 167: Zachos, J.C., Stott, L.D. and Lohma
Page 168 and 169: APPENDIX 1 CRETACEOUS DATA 167
Page 170 and 171: 1. TIME SLICE K-1 Age Range: Berria
Page 172 and 173: Australian assemblages, located on
Page 174 and 175: 2. Officer Basin Dinoflagellates in
Page 176 and 177: 2. TIME SLICE K-2 Age Range: Aptian
Page 178 and 179: Inferred climate The combined data
Page 180 and 181: Dettmann et al. (1992) have argued
Page 182 and 183: 3. TIME SLICE K-3 Age Range: Cenoma
Page 184 and 185: 3.2.2 North-East Australia 1. Carpe
Page 186 and 187: 4. TIME SLICE K-4 Age Range: Turoni
Page 188 and 189: 1. Otway Basin Limited data (Macpha
Page 190 and 191: 5. TIME SLICE K-5 Age Range: Early
Page 192 and 193: Inferred climate The data indicate
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6. TIME SLICE K-6 Age Range: Late C
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Contrary to global cooling trends d
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Inferred climate The relatively goo
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Inferred climate As for regions to
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APPENDIX 2 TERTIARY DATA 201
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1. TIME SLICE T-1 Age Range: Paleoc
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also include relatively frequent No
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Inferred climate Some differences b
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Microfloras preserved in the Lower
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subtropical affinities are rare, hi
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2. TIME SLICE T-2 Age Range: Early
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Inferred climate Climates appear to
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northern New South Wales. The assem
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2.2.5 Central southern Australia Ha
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a number of distinctive Proteaceae
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Inferred climate The Regatta Point
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3. TIME SLICE T-3 Age Range: Middle
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2. Lake Torrens Basin Abundant leaf
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Dominance is highly variable. For e
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types (M.K. Macphail unpubl. data).
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Dacrycarpus), Euphorbiaceae (Austro
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(possibly upper mesotherm) and drie
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Basin) on the Eyre Peninsula (Alley
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explanation is that a warm water gy
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several taxa, which first appear in
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4. TIME SLICE T-4 Age Range: Oligoc
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Inferred climate The southern limit
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The lowest and possibly the oldest
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Dominants include fresh to brackish
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Based on the relative abundance of
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(Morgan 1977, McMinn 1981a, Martin
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common (up to 5-6%) in the middle s
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Polypodiaceae, Palmae (Dicolpopolli
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Strasburgeriaceae. Proprietary info
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Rare taxa which first appear in the
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Correlative microfloras in the onsh
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impression of floristic impoverishm
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(Lophosoria) reached Tasmania befor
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2. Otway Basin Oxygen isotope strat
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5. TIME SLICE T-5 Age Range: Late M
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Casuarinaceae, Cunoniaceae, Elaeoca
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maximum temperature of the hottest
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Nothofagus-gymnosperm temperate rai
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5.2.7 Tasmania Late Neogene sedimen
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