OFR 151.pdf - CRC LEME

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Hill, R.S., 1994b. Nothofagus smithonensis (Nothofagaceae), a new macrofossil species from Oligocene sediments in northwest Tasmania, Australia, and its phylogenetic significance. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 80: 115-121. Hill, R.S., 1995. Conifer origin, evolution and diversification in the southern hemisphere. In: R.S. Enright and R.S. Hill (Editors), Ecology of the Southern Conifers. Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, pp. 10-29. Hill, R.S., 1998a. Poor soils and dry climate: the evolution of the Australian scleromorphic and xeromorphic vegetation. Australian Biologist 11: 26-29. Hill, R.S., 1998b. Fossil evidence for the onset of xeromorphy and scleromorphy in Australian Proteaceae. Australian Systematic Botany 11: 391-400. Hill, R.S. and Bigwood, A.J., 1987. Tertiary gymnosperms from Tasmania: Araucariaceae. Alcheringa 11: 325-335. Hill, R.S. and Brodribb, T.J., 1999. Southern conifers in time and space. Australian Journal of Botany 47: 639-696. Hill, R.S. and Carpenter, R.J., 1989. Tertiary gymnosperms from Tasmania: Cupressaceae. Alcheringa 13: 89-102. Hill, R.S. and Carpenter, R.J., 1999. Gingko leaves from Paleogene sediments in Tasmania. Australian Journal of Botany 47: 717-724. Hill, R.S. and Carpenter, R.J., 1991. Evolution of Acmopyle and Dacrycarpus (Podocarpaceae) foliage as inferred from macrofossils in south-eastern Australia. Australian Systematic Botany 4: 449-479. Hill, R.S. and Christophel, D.C., 1988. Tertiary leaves of the tribe Banksieae (Proteaceae) from south-eastern Australia. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 97: 205-227. Hill, R.S. and Gibson, N., 1986. Macrofossil evidence for the evolution of the alpine and subalpine vegetation of Tasmania. In: B.A. Barlow (Editor), Flora and Fauna of Alpine Australasia: Ages and Origins. CSIRO/Australian Systematic Botany Society, Melbourne, pp. 204-217. Hill, R.S. and Jordan, G.J., 1993. The evolutionary history of Nothofagus (Nothofagaceae). Australian Systematic Botany 6: 111-126. Hill, R.S. and Macphail, M.K., 1983. Reconstructions of the Oligocene vegetation at Pioneer, north-east Tasmania. Alcheringa 7: 281-299. Hill, R.S. and Macphail, M.K., 1985. A fossil flora from rafted Plio-Pleistocene mudstones at Regatta Point, western Tasmania. Australian Journal of Botany 33: 497-517. Hill, R.S. and Merrifield, H.E., 1993. An early Tertiary macroflora from West Dale, southwestern Australia. Alcheringa 17: 285-326. Hill, R.S. and Pole, M.S., 1992. Leaf and shoot morphology of extant Afracarpus, Nageia and Retrophyllum (Podocarpaceae) species, and species with similar leaf arrangement, from Tertiary sediments in Australasia. Australian Systematic Botany 5: 337-358. Hill, R.S. and Pole, M., 1994. Two new species of Pterostoma. R.S. Hill from Cenozoic sediments in Australasia. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 80: 123-130. Hill, R.S. and Read, J., 1991. A revised infrageneric classification of Nothofagus (Fagaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 105: 37-72. Hill, R.S. and Scriven, L.J., 1995. The angiosperm-dominated woody vegetation of Antarctica: a review. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 86: 175-198. 141
Hill, R.S. and Scriven, L.J., 1997. Palaeoclimate across an altitudinal gradient in the Oligo- Miocene of northern Tasmania: an investigation of nearest living relative analysis. Australian Journal of Botany 45: 493-505. Hill, R.S. and Scriven, L.J., 1998. The fossil record of Australian conifers. In: A.E. Orchard (Editor), Flora of Australia Volume 48: Ferns, Gymnosperms and Allied Groups. ABRS/CSIRO, Canberra, pp. 527-537. Hill, R.S. and Scriven, L.J., 1999. Falcatifolium (Podocarpaceae) macrofossils from Paleogene sediments in south-eastern Australia. Australian Systematic Botany 11: 711-720. Hill, R.S. and Whang, S.S., 1996. A new species of Fitzroya (Cupressaceae) from Oligocene sediments in north-western Tasmania. Australian Systematic Botany 9: 867-875. Hill, R.S. and Whang, S.S., 2000. Dacrycarpus (Podocarpaceae) macrofossils from Miocene sediments at Elands, eastern Australia. Australian Systematic Botany 13: 395-408. Hill, R.S., Jordan. G.J. and Carpenter, R.J., 1993. Taxodiaceous macrofossils from Tertiary and Quaternary sediments in Tasmania. Australian Systematic Botany 6: 237-245. Hill, R.S., Jordan, G. and Macphail, M.K., 1996. History and palaeoecology of Australian Nothofagus forests. In: T.T. Veblen, R.S. Hill and J. Read (Editors), The Ecology and Biogeography of Nothofagus Forests. Yale University Press, New Haven, pp. 182- 199. Hill, S.M., McQueen, K.G. and Foster, K.A., 1998. Regolith carbonate accumulations in western and central New South Wales: characteristics and potential as an exploration medium. In: G. Taylor and C. Pain (Editors), New Approaches to an Old Continent. 3 rd Australian Regolith Conference, Kalgoorlie 2-9 May. Co-operative Research Centre for Landscape Evolution and Mineral Exploration, Perth/Canberra, pp. 191- 208. Hill, R.S., Macphail, M.K. and Jordan, G.J., 1999. Tertiary history and origins of the flora and vegetation. Flora of Australia Supplementary Series 8: 39-63. Hill, R.S., Read, J. and Busby, J.R., 1988. The temperature dependence of photosynthesis of some Australian temperate rainforest trees and its biogeographical significance. Journal of Biogeography 15: 431-449. Hill, R.S., Truswell, E.M., McLoughlin, S. and Dettmann, M.E., 1999. Evolution of the Australian flora. In: A.E. Orchard, A.E. (Editor). Flora of Australia Volume 1 (2 nd edition). ABRS/CSIRO, Canberra, pp. 251-320. Hnatiuk, R.J., 1990. Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series 19: 1-650. Hodell, D.A. and Kennett, J.P., 1986. Late Miocene-early Pliocene stratigraphy and paleoceanography of the South Atlantic and Southwest Pacific Oceans: a synthesis. Paleoceanography 1: 285-311. Hodell, D.A. and Warnke, D.A., 1991. Climatic evolution of the Southern Ocean during the Pliocene epoch from 4.8 to 2.6 million years ago. Quaternary Science Reviews 10: 205-214. Holdgate, G.R. and Sluiter, I.R.K., 1991. Oligocene-Miocene marine incursions in the Latrobe Valley depression, onshore Gippsland basin: evidence, facies relationships and chronology. Geological Society of Australia Special Publication 18: 137-157. Holdgate, G.R., Wallace, M.W., Gallagher, S.J. and Taylor, D., 2000. A review of the Traralgon Formation in the Gippsland Basin – a world class brown coal resource. International Journal of Coal Geology 45: 55-84. 142
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CRCLEME Cooperative Research Centre
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Electronic copies of the publicatio
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and, for Tertiary continental seque
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2. Analysis of a Plio-Pleistocene l
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Table A (cont.) Basin and related s
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Figure A: Generalised climatic curv
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Carpenter, R.J., Hill, R.S., Greenw
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Hill, S.M., Eggleton, R.A. and Tayl
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Macphail, M.K. and Stone, M.S., 200
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Swenson, U., Backlund, McLoughlin,
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This review prese
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Temperature Climates in palaeo-sout
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SUMMARY OF INFERRED CRETACEOUS PALA
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INTRODUCTION Mineral resources, whe
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Professor B. Balme (Geology Departm
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Section 7 (Tertiary climates) This
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vegetation. Moreover, individual ta
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1.3 Flora, vegetation and climate 1
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TABLE 2: Classification of vegetati
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Figure 2: Relationship of different
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Accordingly, only at sites with exc
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2.1.3 Palaeoecology Palaeoecology i
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wind-pollinated trees and shrubs bu
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1. The usual practice of equating t
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1. Palaeontological evidence Like p
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5. Facies architecture and lithostr
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Subsequent developments include mel
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SECTION 4 (GEOGRAPHIC BOUNDARIES AN
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SECTION 5 (EARLY CRETACEOUS CLIMATE
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events on other continents and sugg
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If these considerations apply to th
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surrounding basins. Thick sands ero
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Haig and Lynch 1993, Erbacher et al
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SECTION 6 (LATE CRETACEOUS CLIMATES
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has highlighted the roles played by
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6.4.2 Palaeobotany Cenomanian flora
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Palaeo-southern Australia Dryland c
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6.7 Time Slice K-6. Late Campanian-
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7.1. Global backdrop SECTION 7 (TER
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Explanations for the PETM are centr
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East Antarctica and strengthening o
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amplifying, pacing and potentially
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southeastern Australia than elsewhe
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7.4 Time Slice T-1. Paleocene [65-5
Page 92 and 93: Palaeo-southern Australia Unlike no
Page 94 and 95: Palaeo-central Australia As for the
Page 96 and 97: 7.6.2 Palaeobotany The palaeobotani
Page 98 and 99: Zone microfloras imply temporary wa
Page 100 and 101: in the Bass Basin, the basal Seaspr
Page 102 and 103: Similarly it is difficult to summar
Page 104 and 105: However, the data are emphatic that
Page 106 and 107: margin of plateau were cooler (~7 0
Page 108 and 109: fossil taxa that are morphologicall
Page 110 and 111: during Late Pleistocene glacial max
Page 112 and 113: SECTION 8 (CONCLUSIONS) Climatic in
Page 114 and 115: • On present indications, Early C
Page 116 and 117: TABLE 8a: INFERRED CRETACEOUS PALAE
Page 118 and 119: 8.2 Results in prospect (recommenda
Page 120 and 121: The 10 μm sieved, oxidised extract
Page 122 and 123: phenology. The method also provides
Page 124 and 125: SECTION 9 (REFERENCES) Acton, G.D.
Page 126 and 127: Ashley, P.M., Duncan, R.A. and Feeb
Page 128 and 129: Birks, H.J.B. and Gordon, A.D., 198
Page 130 and 131: Burnham, R.J., 1989. Relationships
Page 132 and 133: Clarke, J.D.A., 1994. Evolution of
Page 134 and 135: Dettmann, M.E. and Playford, G., 19
Page 136 and 137: Evans, P.R., 1970b. Palynology of H
Page 138 and 139: Godthelp, H., Archer, M., Cifelli,
Page 140 and 141: Harris, W.K., 1974. Biostratigraphy
Page 144 and 145: Holland, S.M. and Patzkowsky, M.E.,
Page 146 and 147: Australia: paleoceanographic implic
Page 148 and 149: Lindsay, J.M. and Harris, W.K., 196
Page 150 and 151: Macphail, M.K., Colhoun, E.A. and F
Page 152 and 153: McGowran, B. and Beecroft, A., 1985
Page 154 and 155: Morgan, R., 1977. Palynology of Ter
Page 156 and 157: Abstracts of the Annual General Mee
Page 158 and 159: Raymo, M.E., Grant, B., Horowitz, M
Page 160 and 161: Sereno, P.C., 1999. The evolution o
Page 162 and 163: Taylor, G., 1998. Prediction of mod
Page 164 and 165: Webb, L.G., 1968. Environmental rel
Page 166 and 167: Zachos, J.C., Stott, L.D. and Lohma
Page 168 and 169: APPENDIX 1 CRETACEOUS DATA 167
Page 170 and 171: 1. TIME SLICE K-1 Age Range: Berria
Page 172 and 173: Australian assemblages, located on
Page 174 and 175: 2. Officer Basin Dinoflagellates in
Page 176 and 177: 2. TIME SLICE K-2 Age Range: Aptian
Page 178 and 179: Inferred climate The combined data
Page 180 and 181: Dettmann et al. (1992) have argued
Page 182 and 183: 3. TIME SLICE K-3 Age Range: Cenoma
Page 184 and 185: 3.2.2 North-East Australia 1. Carpe
Page 186 and 187: 4. TIME SLICE K-4 Age Range: Turoni
Page 188 and 189: 1. Otway Basin Limited data (Macpha
Page 190 and 191: 5. TIME SLICE K-5 Age Range: Early
Page 192 and 193:
Inferred climate The data indicate
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6. TIME SLICE K-6 Age Range: Late C
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Contrary to global cooling trends d
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Inferred climate The relatively goo
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Inferred climate As for regions to
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APPENDIX 2 TERTIARY DATA 201
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1. TIME SLICE T-1 Age Range: Paleoc
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also include relatively frequent No
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Inferred climate Some differences b
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Microfloras preserved in the Lower
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subtropical affinities are rare, hi
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2. TIME SLICE T-2 Age Range: Early
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Inferred climate Climates appear to
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northern New South Wales. The assem
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2.2.5 Central southern Australia Ha
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a number of distinctive Proteaceae
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Inferred climate The Regatta Point
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3. TIME SLICE T-3 Age Range: Middle
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2. Lake Torrens Basin Abundant leaf
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Dominance is highly variable. For e
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types (M.K. Macphail unpubl. data).
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Dacrycarpus), Euphorbiaceae (Austro
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(possibly upper mesotherm) and drie
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Basin) on the Eyre Peninsula (Alley
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explanation is that a warm water gy
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several taxa, which first appear in
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4. TIME SLICE T-4 Age Range: Oligoc
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Inferred climate The southern limit
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The lowest and possibly the oldest
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Dominants include fresh to brackish
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Based on the relative abundance of
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(Morgan 1977, McMinn 1981a, Martin
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common (up to 5-6%) in the middle s
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Polypodiaceae, Palmae (Dicolpopolli
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Strasburgeriaceae. Proprietary info
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Rare taxa which first appear in the
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Correlative microfloras in the onsh
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impression of floristic impoverishm
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(Lophosoria) reached Tasmania befor
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2. Otway Basin Oxygen isotope strat
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5. TIME SLICE T-5 Age Range: Late M
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Casuarinaceae, Cunoniaceae, Elaeoca
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maximum temperature of the hottest
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Nothofagus-gymnosperm temperate rai
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5.2.7 Tasmania Late Neogene sedimen
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