References Alley, N.F. and Frakes, L.A., 2003. First known Cretaceous glaciation: Livingston Tillite Member of the Cadna-owie Formation, South Australia. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 50: 139-144. Alley, R.B. and 10 co-authors, 2003. Abrupt climatic change. Science 299: 2005-2010. Anand, R.R. and Paine, M. 2002. Regolith geology of the Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia: implications for exploration. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 49: 3-162. Andersson, C, Warnke, D.A., Channell, J.E.T., Stoner, J. and Jansen, E., 2002. The mid- Pliocene (4.3-2.6 Ma) benthic stable isotope record of the Southern Ocean: ODP Sites 1092 and 704, Meteor Rise. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 167: 165-181. Archer, M., Hand, S.J. and Godthelp, H., 2001. Terrestrial vertebrates. Memoir of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 23: 452-458. Atahan, P., Dodson, J.R. and Itzstein-Davey, F., 2004. A fine-resolution Pliocene pollen and charcoal record from Yallalie, south-western Australia. Journal of Biogeography 31: 199-205. Aubry, M.-P., Berggren, W.A., Van Couvering, J., McGowran, B., Pillans, B. and Hilfgen, F., 2005. Quaternary: status, rank, definition, survival. Episodes 28: 118-120. Backhouse, J., 2006. Albian (Lower Cretaceous) dinoflagellate cyst biostratigraphy of the lower Gearle Siltstone, southern Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia. Palynology 30: 43-68. Barnes, R.W., Hill, R.S., and Bradford, J.C., 2001. The history of Cunoniaceae in Australia from macrofossil evidence. Australian Journal of Botany 49: 301-320. Beeston, J.W., 1994. Tertiary palynology in the Mount Coolon and Riverside areas. Queensland Geology 6: 127-179. Bernecker, T. and Partridge, A.D., 2001. Emperor and Golden Beach Subgroups: the onset of Late Cretaceous sedimentation in the Gippsland Basin. In Hill, K.C. and Bernecker, T. (Editors) Eastern Australian Basins Symposium. A refocused Energy Perspective for the Future. PESA Special Publication, 391-402. Blevin, J.E. (Compiler), 2003. Petroleum geology of the Bass Basin: Interpretation report. Geoscience Australia Record 2003/19: 1-263. Blevin, J.E., 2005. Geological framework of the Bremer and Denmark Sub-basins, southwest Australia. Geoscience Australia. GEOCAT CD #61126. Boreham, C.J and 7 co-authors, 2002. Exploring the potential for oil generation, migration and accumulation in Cape Sorell-1, Sorell basin, offshore west Tasmania. APEA Journal 2002: 405-435. Bradshaw, B.E., Rollet, N., Totterdell, J.M. and Borissova, I., 2003. A revised structural framework for frontier basins on the southern and southwestern Australian continental margins. Geoscience Australia Record 2003/03: 1-43. Brooks, A.P., Brierley, G.J. and Millar, R.G., 2003. The long-term control of vegetation and woody debris on channel and flood-plain evolution: insights from a paired catchment study in southeastern Australia. Geomorphology 51: 7-29. Brown, M.C., 2006. Ponding and major drainage diversions by late Palaeogene basalts, Shoalhaven River catchment, New South Wales, Australia. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie 50: 501-522. Burnham, R.J., Pitman, N.C.A., Johnson, K.R. and Wilf, P., 2001. Habit-related error in estimating temperatures from leaf margins in a humid tropical forest. American Journal of Botany 88: 1096-1102. Burslem, D.F.R.P., Garwood, N.C. and Thomas, S.C., 2001. Tropical forest diversity – the plot thickens. Science 291: 606-608. 11
Carpenter, R.J., Hill, R.S., Greenwood, D.R., Partridge, A.D. and Banks, M.A., 2004. No snow on the mountains: Early Eocene plant fossils from Hotham Heights, Victoria, Australia. Australian Journal of Botany 52: 685-718. Cathro, D.L. and Austin, J.A., 2001. An early mid-Miocene, strike-parallel shelfal trough and possible karstification in the northern Carnarvon Basin, northwest Australia. Marine Geology 178: 157-169. Cecil, C.B. and Edgar, N.T. (Editors), 2003. Climate Controls on Stratigraphy. SEPM Special Publication No. 77, SEPM, Tulsa. 275 pp. Clarke, J.D.A., Gammon, P.R., Hou, B. and Gallagher, S.J., 2003. Middle to Upper Eocene stratigraphic nomenclature and deposition in the Eucla Basin. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 50: 231-248. Clarke, J., Lawrie, K., Riesz, A., Fitzpatrick, A. and Macphail, M., 2004. Architecture of a rapidly evolving Neogene fluvial system, St. George region, southern Queensland: implications for salinity. Abstracts, 17 th Australian Geological Convention, Hobart. 9. Collins, L.B., Read, J.F., Hogarth, J.W. and Coffey, B.P., 2006. Facies, outcrop gamma and C-O isotopic signature of exposed Miocene subtropical continental shelf carbonates, North West Cape, Western Australia. Sedimentary Geology 185: 1-19. Conesa, G.A.R., Favre, E., Munch, P., Dalmasso, H. and Chaix, C., 2005. Biosedimentary and palaeoenvironmental evolution of the southern Marion Platform from the Middle to Late Miocene (northeast Australia, ODP Leg 194, Sites 1196 and 1199). Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results 194: 1-38. Conran, J.G., Cristophel, D.C. and Cunningham, L., 2003. An Eocene monocotyledon from Nelly Creek, Central Australia, with affinities to Hemerocallidaceae (Lilinae: Asparagales). Alcheringa 27: 107-115. Cooper, R.A. (Editor), 2004. The New Zealand Time Scale. Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences Ltd., Lower Hut. 284 pp. Crouch, E.M., Heilmann-Clausen, C., Brinkhuis, H., Morgans, H.E.G., Rogers, K.M., Egger, H. and Schmitz, B., 2001. Global dinoflagellate event associated with the late Paleocene thermal maximum. Geology 29: 315-318. de Broekert, P.P., 2003. Stratigraphy and origin of regolith in the East Yornaning catchment, south-western Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia. Journal of the Royal Society of Australia 86: 61-82 Demicco, R.V., Lowestein, T.K. and Hardie, L.A., 2003. Atmospheric ρCO2 since 60 Ma from records of seawater pH, calcium and primary carbonate mineralogy. Geology 31: 793-796. Dettmann, M.E. and Clifford, H.T., 2002. Spondylostrobos F. Mueller: operculate fruits of an extinct dicotyledon from the mid-Tertiary of Australia. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 122: 219-327. Dettmann, M.E. and Clifford, H.T., 2003. Miocene palynofloras from subsurface sediments in the Bundaberg District. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 49: 261-267. Dodson, J.R. and Ramrath, A., 2001. An Upper Pliocene lacustrine environmental record from south-Western Australia – preliminary results. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 167: 309-320. Dodson, J.R. and Macphail, M.K., 2004. Palynological evidence for aridity events and vegetation change during the Middle Pliocene, a warm period in southwestern Australia. Global and Planetary Change 41: 285-307. Eldrett, J.S., Harding, I.C., Wilson, P.A., Butler, E. and Roberts, A.P., 2007. Continental ice in Greenland during the Eocene and Oligocene. Nature 446: 176-179. Erbacher, J., Huber, B.T., Norris, R. and Markey, M., 2001. Increased thermohaline stratification as a possible cause for an ocean anoxic event in the Cretaceous period. Nature 409: 325-327. Exon, N.F., White, T.S., Malone, M.J., Kennett, J.P. and Hill, P.J., 2001. Petroleum potential of deepwater basins around Tasmania: insights from Ocean Drilling Program Leg 189. PESA Eastern Australasian Basins Symposium, Melbourne, 25-28 November, 49-60. 12
- Page 1 and 2: CRCLEME Cooperative Research Centre
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- Page 28 and 29: INTRODUCTION Mineral resources, whe
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events on other continents and sugg
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If these considerations apply to th
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surrounding basins. Thick sands ero
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Haig and Lynch 1993, Erbacher et al
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SECTION 6 (LATE CRETACEOUS CLIMATES
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has highlighted the roles played by
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6.4.2 Palaeobotany Cenomanian flora
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Palaeo-southern Australia Dryland c
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6.7 Time Slice K-6. Late Campanian-
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7.1. Global backdrop SECTION 7 (TER
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Explanations for the PETM are centr
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East Antarctica and strengthening o
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amplifying, pacing and potentially
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southeastern Australia than elsewhe
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7.4 Time Slice T-1. Paleocene [65-5
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Palaeo-southern Australia Unlike no
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Palaeo-central Australia As for the
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7.6.2 Palaeobotany The palaeobotani
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Zone microfloras imply temporary wa
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in the Bass Basin, the basal Seaspr
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Similarly it is difficult to summar
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However, the data are emphatic that
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margin of plateau were cooler (~7 0
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fossil taxa that are morphologicall
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during Late Pleistocene glacial max
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SECTION 8 (CONCLUSIONS) Climatic in
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• On present indications, Early C
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TABLE 8a: INFERRED CRETACEOUS PALAE
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8.2 Results in prospect (recommenda
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The 10 μm sieved, oxidised extract
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phenology. The method also provides
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SECTION 9 (REFERENCES) Acton, G.D.
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Ashley, P.M., Duncan, R.A. and Feeb
- Page 128 and 129:
Birks, H.J.B. and Gordon, A.D., 198
- Page 130 and 131:
Burnham, R.J., 1989. Relationships
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Clarke, J.D.A., 1994. Evolution of
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Dettmann, M.E. and Playford, G., 19
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Evans, P.R., 1970b. Palynology of H
- Page 138 and 139:
Godthelp, H., Archer, M., Cifelli,
- Page 140 and 141:
Harris, W.K., 1974. Biostratigraphy
- Page 142 and 143:
Hill, R.S., 1994b. Nothofagus smith
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Holland, S.M. and Patzkowsky, M.E.,
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Australia: paleoceanographic implic
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Lindsay, J.M. and Harris, W.K., 196
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Macphail, M.K., Colhoun, E.A. and F
- Page 152 and 153:
McGowran, B. and Beecroft, A., 1985
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Morgan, R., 1977. Palynology of Ter
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Abstracts of the Annual General Mee
- Page 158 and 159:
Raymo, M.E., Grant, B., Horowitz, M
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Sereno, P.C., 1999. The evolution o
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Taylor, G., 1998. Prediction of mod
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Webb, L.G., 1968. Environmental rel
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Zachos, J.C., Stott, L.D. and Lohma
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APPENDIX 1 CRETACEOUS DATA 167
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1. TIME SLICE K-1 Age Range: Berria
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Australian assemblages, located on
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2. Officer Basin Dinoflagellates in
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2. TIME SLICE K-2 Age Range: Aptian
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Inferred climate The combined data
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Dettmann et al. (1992) have argued
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3. TIME SLICE K-3 Age Range: Cenoma
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3.2.2 North-East Australia 1. Carpe
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4. TIME SLICE K-4 Age Range: Turoni
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1. Otway Basin Limited data (Macpha
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5. TIME SLICE K-5 Age Range: Early
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Inferred climate The data indicate
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6. TIME SLICE K-6 Age Range: Late C
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Contrary to global cooling trends d
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Inferred climate The relatively goo
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Inferred climate As for regions to
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APPENDIX 2 TERTIARY DATA 201
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1. TIME SLICE T-1 Age Range: Paleoc
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also include relatively frequent No
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Inferred climate Some differences b
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Microfloras preserved in the Lower
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subtropical affinities are rare, hi
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2. TIME SLICE T-2 Age Range: Early
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Inferred climate Climates appear to
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northern New South Wales. The assem
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2.2.5 Central southern Australia Ha
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a number of distinctive Proteaceae
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Inferred climate The Regatta Point
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3. TIME SLICE T-3 Age Range: Middle
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2. Lake Torrens Basin Abundant leaf
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Dominance is highly variable. For e
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types (M.K. Macphail unpubl. data).
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Dacrycarpus), Euphorbiaceae (Austro
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(possibly upper mesotherm) and drie
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Basin) on the Eyre Peninsula (Alley
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explanation is that a warm water gy
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several taxa, which first appear in
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4. TIME SLICE T-4 Age Range: Oligoc
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Inferred climate The southern limit
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The lowest and possibly the oldest
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Dominants include fresh to brackish
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Based on the relative abundance of
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(Morgan 1977, McMinn 1981a, Martin
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common (up to 5-6%) in the middle s
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Polypodiaceae, Palmae (Dicolpopolli
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Strasburgeriaceae. Proprietary info
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Rare taxa which first appear in the
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Correlative microfloras in the onsh
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impression of floristic impoverishm
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(Lophosoria) reached Tasmania befor
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2. Otway Basin Oxygen isotope strat
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5. TIME SLICE T-5 Age Range: Late M
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Casuarinaceae, Cunoniaceae, Elaeoca
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maximum temperature of the hottest
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Nothofagus-gymnosperm temperate rai
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5.2.7 Tasmania Late Neogene sedimen