the university of chicago the phonology and ... - SIL International

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Phrases (Speaker M) (41) Files ph01.wav (Speaker M) ph26.wav (Speaker M) (42) == == == == >=(= >=(= >=(= >=(= ‘I greet you, brother.’ >== >== >== >== =J= =J= =J= == == == == ‘I greet you, also, brother.’ J( J( J( J( ‘How are you?’ H H H H CK(CK( CK(CK( CK(CK( CK(CK( AA AA AA AA ‘I’m fine (lit: there are no issues.’ I( I( I( I( = = ‘lit: You are?’ I( I( I( I( ‘lit: Yes, I am.’ J( J( J( J( =(J= =(J= =(J= =(J= =( =( CK CK = = ‘Where are you coming from?’ J( J( J( J( =(( =(( =(( =(( @ @ @ @ =( =( CK CK CK =(I( =(I( =(I( =(I( ‘I’m coming from the field and going home.’ J( J( J( J( =(@( =(@( =(@( =(@( =A =A =A =A ‘I’ve coming from Kelo.’ I( I( I( I( (= (= (= (= =(J= =(J= =(J= =(J= ‘Where are you going?’ I( I( I( I( (= (= (= (= C=( C=( C=( C=( =@= =@= =@= =@= ‘I’m going to the hospital.’ I( I( I( I( (>H (>H (>H (>H C=A C=A C=A C=A ‘What are you doing?’ I( I( I( I( C>=(=>= C>=(=>= C>=(=>= C>=(=>= ‘I’m doing nothing’ CK( CK( CK( @= @= A( A( A( A( ‘I’m going home.’ CK CK @ @ @ @ (J5( (J5( (J5( (J5( ‘lit: Go well.’ ( ( ( ( CK CK @ @ @ @ (J5( (J5( (J5( (J5( ‘lit: You go well.’ K(CK K(CK K(CK K(CK @=( @=( = = ‘Are you going home?’ -- -- -- -- K(CK K(CK K(CK K(CK @( @( @( @( ‘Yes, I’m going home.’ CK( CK( CK( A( A( A( A( ‘I’ve returned.’ == == == == @( @( @( @( K(K K(K K(K K(K ‘Brother, I’d like to ask you something.’ MK MK K K K K ‘Forgive me.’ = = = = C=(I@=( C=(I@=( C=(I@=( C=(I@=( ‘Let’s go inside.’ I I I I C=J C=J C=J C=J ‘Have a seat.’ H H H H @( @( @( @( >=K(MKIA >=K(MKIA >=K(MKIA >=K(MKIA ‘My name is Mbakuwuse.’ =( =( =( =( > > > > C=@( C=@( C=@( C=@( =C=H=>= =C=H=>= ‘I went to Garaba yesterday.’ ( ( ( ( = = = = >=(>=J5=( >=(>=J5=( >=(>=J5=( >=(>=J5=( C=@( C=@( C=@( C=@( =C=H=>= =C=H=>= ‘I’m going to Garaba tomorrow.’ M=( M=( (5( (5( (5( (5( B B B B =M =M =M =M C=@( C=@( C=@( C=@( =C=H=>= =C=H=>= ‘I sent a message to my wife in Garaba.’ J5(( J5(( J5(( J5(( = = = = A A A A F=D= F=D= F=D= F=D= ‘He has a wide mouth.’ DA(HA(=( DA(HA(=( DA(HA(=( DA(HA(=( =@= =@= =@= =@= ‘lock’ C>=== C>=== C>=== C>=== ‘November’ CK( CK( CK( CK( >= >= >= >= =M =M =M =M B B B B ‘If you go home, greet your wife for me.’ @F= @F= @F= @F= @ @ @ @ @K(K @K(K @K(K @K(K @ @ @ @ == == == == >=A >=A >=A >=A ‘16’ K(CK( K(CK( K(CK( K(CK( (@ (@ (@ (@ J( J( J( J( I(FA I(FA I(FA I(FA JA(=5( JA(=5( JA(=5( JA(=5( ‘There’s a bit of drinking water left.’ BKHKJ5= BKHKJ5= =( =( =( =( A( A( A( A( ‘We’re out of soap.’ @( @( @( @( (KJ (KJ (KJ (KJ (J( (J( (J( (J( ‘I want to take a bath.’ KK KK KK KK =( =( =( =( M=(= M=(= ‘I’ve got a headache.’ =(I( =(I( =(I( =(I( @( @( @( @( C=A C=A C=A C=A ‘What is that?’ C=A C=A C=A C=A @=( @=( = = ‘What is that?’ =( =( J5 J5 J5 J5 I( I( I( I( @( @( @( @( AA AA AA AA ‘Who is that?’ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ A A A A ‘I didn’t hear.’ 320
MK( MK( I( I( I( I( AA AA AA AA ‘I don’t know.’ = = = = MKJ= MKJ= C=K(5K( C=K(5K( ‘Let’s go outside.’ (J( (J( (J( (J( @( @( @( @( ‘That’s right.’ (5( (5( (5( (5( (H (H (H (H A( A( A( A( = = ‘Good morning.’ =(@=( =(@=( =(@=( =(@=( KFK KFK = = ‘Isn’t that so true?’ ( ( ( ( C=( C=( M= M= ‘It’s good.’ K(CK( K(CK( K(CK( K(CK( =I( =I( =I( =I( J5( J5( J5( J5( M= M= M= ‘This is good water.’ 321
Page 1 and 2:
THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO THE PHONO
Page 3 and 4:
TABLE OF CONTENTS VOLUME ONE LIST O
Page 5 and 6:
LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1: The lan
Page 7 and 8:
LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1: Banda sub
Page 9 and 10:
Rhodes, Jim Roberts, Doug Sampson,
Page 11 and 12:
ABSTRACT In this dissertation, I de
Page 13 and 14:
This dissertation is dedicated to t
Page 15 and 16:
There are several languages in the
Page 17 and 18:
The Bubanda region is located to th
Page 19 and 20:
convincing. More will be said about
Page 21 and 22:
Her phonological analysis consists
Page 23 and 24:
study informing the internal classi
Page 25 and 26:
men hunt small game, but large game
Page 27 and 28:
third of CAR. At its peak, the Uban
Page 29 and 30:
of Lingala is reduced, both for men
Page 31 and 32:
language. Also, code switching is n
Page 33 and 34:
Finally, several documents dealing
Page 35 and 36:
with the contrast between sounds, a
Page 37 and 38:
CHAPTER 2 PHONEMES In this chapter,
Page 39 and 40:
4. Frequency of occurrence. If a so
Page 41 and 42:
Mono consonants share several trait
Page 43 and 44:
Despite the fact that the labial fl
Page 45 and 46:
The data in (1) show sample contras
Page 47 and 48:
However, contrasts are readily atte
Page 49 and 50:
case of the pronouns. If the pronou
Page 51 and 52:
2.2 Vowels b. Labial-velar and lab
Page 53 and 54:
If = were reinterpreted as a low fr
Page 55 and 56:
The data in (19) show sample contra
Page 57 and 58:
= Table 2.1: Consonant-vowel combin
Page 59 and 60:
CHAPTER 3 TONE The majority of Afri
Page 61 and 62:
(3) Tautomorphemic words containing
Page 63 and 64:
3.2 Grammatical tone Besides the le
Page 65 and 66:
(13) a. = = = = = C=@( C=@( C=@( C=
Page 67 and 68:
Certain locative adverbs in Mono ha
Page 69 and 70:
CHAPTER 4 LABIALIZATION AND PALATAL
Page 71 and 72:
tongue position in addition to a pr
Page 73 and 74:
However, this is not what we find.
Page 75 and 76:
4.2 Suggested interpretations Chao
Page 77 and 78:
each vowel in the sequence. She con
Page 79 and 80:
consonant to be lower in sonority t
Page 81 and 82:
entire word as its domain, which wo
Page 83 and 84:
phonemically as ia, or as a semi-vo
Page 85 and 86:
is suggested by Blevin’s (1995: 2
Page 87 and 88:
. Alveolar ⎯ J =J=H= =J=H= =J=H=
Page 89 and 90:
this is that these words bear stres
Page 91 and 92:
Arabic, Japanese, Lardil, Estonian,
Page 93 and 94:
(3) Underlying forms of sample V1CV
Page 95 and 96:
the words, ‘far’, F F F F
Page 97 and 98:
The adjective == == == == ‘small
Page 99 and 100:
One question which arises is whethe
Page 101 and 102:
1994, Elders 2000), most of which f
Page 103 and 104:
In my corpus of data, adverbs begin
Page 105 and 106:
contains several morphemes are term
Page 107 and 108:
(2) Sample animate nouns a. C> C> C
Page 109 and 110:
Second, certain adjectives are lexi
Page 111 and 112:
Thus, according to Kamanda’s hypo
Page 113 and 114:
(13) Sample compound nouns in Mono
Page 115 and 116:
element begins with a vowel, vowel
Page 117 and 118:
Cloarec-Heiss (1972: 86) for Linda.
Page 119 and 120:
121) considers this to be an unprod
Page 121 and 122:
document clearly the formal propert
Page 123 and 124:
Repetitive aspect (REP). The repeti
Page 125 and 126:
(31) a. ( ( ( ( I( I( I( I( (F= (F=
Page 127 and 128:
There is a plural form ( (, ( ( whi
Page 129 and 130:
7.1.3 Prepositional morphology Most
Page 131 and 132:
(45) a. I( I( I( I( (= (= (= (=
Page 133 and 134:
(49) a. ( ( ( ( → ~
Page 135 and 136:
which reduces to '' ' ' in casual s
Page 137 and 138:
CHAPTER 8 ACOUSTIC PHONETICS While
Page 139 and 140:
This chapter consists of four parts
Page 141 and 142:
Figure 8.2: Waveform and spectrogra
Page 143 and 144:
Figure 8.4: Waveform and spectrogra
Page 145 and 146:
languages on one hand (Degema and t
Page 147 and 148:
Figure 8.8: Waveform of the possibl
Page 149 and 150:
Figure 8.12: Waveform and spectrogr
Page 151 and 152:
oth Speakers A and K. In Speaker A
Page 153 and 154:
In the tokens I examined, then, I f
Page 155 and 156:
ief glottalic ingressive mechanism,
Page 157 and 158:
Page 159 and 160:
labial-velar stops is shorter than
Page 161 and 162:
formant transitions at the release
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
(1973) suggest plotting F1 vs. F2',
Page 167 and 168:
Table 8.4: Bandwidth averages. Unit
Page 169 and 170:
Figure 8.30: Plot of F1 vs. F3 (Spe
Page 171 and 172:
Second, the value of F2 for the Mon
Page 173 and 174:
start of or H. The second vowel wa
Page 175 and 176:
Words with only two syllables shoul
Page 177 and 178:
presence of a nasal formant at the
Page 179 and 180:
Figures 8.40 and 8.41 show spectrog
Page 181 and 182:
Second, I argue in Chapter 4 that l
Page 183 and 184:
transition from the secondary artic
Page 185 and 186:
linguistic universals and tendencie
Page 187 and 188:
The two secondary articulations fou
Page 189 and 190:
APPENDIX A TEXTS This appendix cont
Page 191 and 192:
( 11. “>== >== >== >== =( =( =( =
Page 193 and 194:
20. “A(FA( A(FA( A(FA( A(FA( == =
Page 195 and 196:
33. “ @ @ @ @ J5(( J5(( J5(( J
Page 197 and 198:
( 43. A@A A@A A@A A@A I( I( I( I( (
Page 199 and 200:
( 55. J5A J5A J5A J5A =( =( =( =( =
Page 201 and 202:
( ( ( =( =( =( =( ( ( ( ( MK( M
Page 203 and 204:
( 9. =LKHK =LKHK =LKHK =LKHK A
Page 205 and 206:
9. C> C> C> C> CA( CA( CA( CA( AC=
Page 207 and 208:
Table A.2: Frequency counts of vowe
Page 209 and 210:
=@AC =@AC =@AC =@AC n. bend, crook,
Page 211 and 212:
== == == == M(A( M(A( M(A( M(A( n.
Page 213 and 214:
(( ( >==C>= >==C>= >==C>= >==C>= CJ
Page 215 and 216:
@A @A @A J5(( J5(( J5(( J5(( v. cho
Page 217 and 218:
A(FA( A(FA( A(FA( A(FA( CKIK CKIK n
Page 219 and 220:
C=>= C=>= C=>= C=>= v. honor, admir
Page 221 and 222:
C>=@= C>=@= C>=@= C>=@= CK> CK> CK>
Page 223 and 224:
ADJ. sharp. F F ADJ. tart. ADJ
Page 225 and 226:
=5A =5A =5A =5A =C= =C= =C= =C= n.
Page 227 and 228:
=>= =>= =>= =>= n. knife. #0929. =(
Page 229 and 230:
= = = = Variant: >= >= >= >= n. ill
Page 231 and 232:
F=IKHK F=IKHK F=IKHK F=IKHK n. slip
Page 233 and 234:
C>@ C>@ C>@ C>@ (>= (>= (>= (>= n.
Page 235 and 236:
H >H >H >H (5( (5( (5( (5( v. be dr
Page 237 and 238:
— @ @ @ @ — @= @= @= @= v. vomi
Page 239 and 240:
C>@ C>@ C>@ C>@ AAF= AAF= AAF= AAF=
Page 241 and 242:
(C>( (C>( (C>( (C>( Variant: =(C>(
Page 243 and 244:
I I I I @ @ @ @ A(FA( A(FA( A(FA( A
Page 245 and 246:
J=@= J=@= J=@= J=@= n. lamp, torch.
Page 247 and 248:
— J5 J5 — J5=( J5=( PREP.
Page 249 and 250:
KK KK KK KK n. thigh (the part of t
Page 251 and 252:
M=H M=H M=H M=H n. manioc paste. M=
Page 253 and 254:
=M=( =M=( =M=( =M=( n. bitter herbs
Page 255 and 256:
APPENDIX C AN EVALUATION OF NIGER-C
Page 257 and 258:
changes to Greenberg’s work. This
Page 259 and 260:
Williamson bases much of her classi
Page 261 and 262:
original division between the two b
Page 263 and 264:
Stewart and Williamson interpret th
Page 265 and 266:
C.3.1 Inclusion of Bantu within Nig
Page 267 and 268:
Third, the supposedly borrowed word
Page 269 and 270:
Watters (1989: 409) notes that *KCM
Page 271 and 272:
Congo. Greenberg (1970) named it Ad
Page 273 and 274:
is already satisfied, and thus form
Page 275 and 276:
The second major issue with respect
Page 277 and 278:
difference of syllable structure) a
Page 279 and 280:
published and personally elicited.
Page 281 and 282:
languages compared. Consider a triv
Page 283 and 284: sound correspondences, and thus has
Page 285 and 286: in that they most often come about
Page 287 and 288: approximating gross groupings, ther
Page 289 and 290: The International Phonetic Alphabet
Page 291 and 292: One question which arises immediate
Page 293 and 294: Table D.1: Genetic affiliation of l
Page 295 and 296: This is identical to what Catford (
Page 297 and 298: D.5 Phonological status D.5.1 Evalu
Page 299 and 300: 7. Borrowed words. If the sound is
Page 301 and 302: (4) Contrast with other labial soun
Page 303 and 304: (7) Sample lexical items in Karang
Page 305 and 306: which are shown in (11). Third, the
Page 307 and 308: distribution of the labial flap bea
Page 309 and 310: In addition, we provide evidence co
Page 311 and 312: South Mofu [MIF] (Cameroon). Barret
Page 313 and 314: the mouth (Karanga) or ‘of flicki
Page 315 and 316: ilabial or labiodental. Lim conside
Page 317 and 318: words are found in those subgroups.
Page 319 and 320: ‘joint’, CM CM CM CM ‘ankle
Page 321 and 322: Feroge [FER] (Sudan). Santandrea (1
Page 323 and 324: the Méré dialect in the words CKL
Page 325 and 326: Mvuba [MXH] (D. R. Congo). Demolin
Page 327 and 328: Labial flap (1) Files labfl1_11025.
Page 329 and 330: Implosives and labialization (7) Fi
Page 331 and 332: (23) Secondary articulations I(
Page 333: (36) M= M= ‘send’ =(J= =(J= =(J
Page 337 and 338: Table F.1, continued. d. Labial con
Page 339 and 340: Table F.1, continued. e. Labial co
Page 341 and 342: Table F.1, continued. e. Alveolar c
Page 343 and 344: Table F.1, continued. e. Alveolar c
Page 345 and 346: Table F.1, continued. f. Palatal co
Page 347 and 348: Table F.1, continued. h. Palatal co
Page 349 and 350: Table F.1, continued. e. Velar/glot
Page 351 and 352: Table F.1, continued. d. Labial-vel
Page 353 and 354: Table F.2, continued. K E K@ K@
Page 355 and 356: Table F.3, continued. (12)
Page 357 and 358: Table F.4: Formant and bandwidth va
Page 359 and 360: Table F.4, continued. LA@= Spec 368
Page 361 and 362: Table F.4, continued. > Spec 326.
Page 363 and 364: Table F.4, continued. > Spec 532.86
Page 365 and 366: Table F.4, continued. > 5= Spec 619
Page 367 and 368: Table F.5, continued. E > 5= ‘two
Page 369 and 370: REFERENCES Arom, Simha, and France
Page 371 and 372: Buchanan, Michael. 1996. Rapport d
Page 373 and 374: Demolin, Didier. 1988. Some problem
Page 375 and 376: Greenberg, Joseph H. 1995. The conc
Page 377 and 378: International Phonetic Association.
Page 379 and 380: McCarthy, John J., and Alan S. Prin
Page 381 and 382: Pozzati, Aurelio. 1987. Vocabolario
Page 383 and 384: Thomas, Jacqueline M.-C. 1963. Le p
show all

the university of chicago the phonology and ... - SIL International

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?