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(1998). Ennulat & Ennulat report the flap in the words L=J=( L=J=( L=J=( L=J=( ‘clench the teeth’ and
L=@=( L=@=( L=@=( L=@=( ‘slap’.
Dii [DUR] (Cameroon). A labial flap is attested in Dii by Boyd (1974: 83)
(“Dourou”), Bohnhoff (1982) (“Yag Dii” or “Duru”), Segerer (1995, cited by France
Cloarec-Heiss, per. comm.) (“Duru”), and Cloarec-Heiss (1998) (“Duru”). Boyd (1974)
considers the articulation either bilabial or labiodental. Bohnhoff (1982) considers it to be
labiodental. He notes that it can occur in different grammatical categories. Boyd attests it
in the word L( L( L( L( ‘to throw’. Bohnhoff attests it in the words F F L LL L @ @ @ @ ‘very steep’, >KLK@
>KLK@
‘fast’, and =(L =(L =(L =(L ‘sound of a horse galloping’. This last word is the only example in our
data of the flap in word-final position.
Gula Iro [GLJ] (Chad). A labial flap is attested in Gula Iro by Pairault (1969) (in
the Pongaal dialect of “Kulaal”) and by Cloarec-Heiss (1998) (“Kulaal”). Pairault
considers the articulation to be bilabial. His notes that the sound is voiceless in word-
initial position and voiced in intervocalic position. He attests the sound in two ideophones
M&(7 M&(7 M&(7 M&(7 and (M(F (M(F, (M(F (M(F both which mean ‘bang/boom’. He does not consider the sound to be
phonemic.
Niellim [NIE] (Chad). A labiodental flap is reported in Niellim by Diane
Vanderkooi (per. comm.). She attests it in the ideophone L=> L=> L=> L=> ‘definitively’.
Karang [KZR] (Cameroon, Chad). A labial flap is reported in Karang by Boyd
(1974: 82-3) (“Ndó Mbàli”), Ubels & Ubels (1980), and Bob Ulfers (per. comm.). Boyd
considers the sound either bilabial or labiodental, whereas Ubels & Ubels consider the
sound to be labiodental. Ubels & Ubels note that the articulation of the sound is the same
as in Shona, but different from Margi (cf. Ladefoged 1971: 52). Evidence for the
phonological status of the labial flap in Karang is given in Section D.5.2.
Kare [KBN] (Central African Republic). A labial flap is attested in Boyd (1974:
63, 67, 82-3) (“Kali”), Lim (1997), and Cloarec-Heiss (1998). Boyd considers the sound
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