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THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO THE PHONO
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TABLE OF CONTENTS VOLUME ONE LIST O
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1: The lan
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LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1: Banda sub
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Rhodes, Jim Roberts, Doug Sampson,
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ABSTRACT In this dissertation, I de
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This dissertation is dedicated to t
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There are several languages in the
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The Bubanda region is located to th
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convincing. More will be said about
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Her phonological analysis consists
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study informing the internal classi
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men hunt small game, but large game
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third of CAR. At its peak, the Uban
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of Lingala is reduced, both for men
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language. Also, code switching is n
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Finally, several documents dealing
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with the contrast between sounds, a
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CHAPTER 2 PHONEMES In this chapter,
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4. Frequency of occurrence. If a so
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Mono consonants share several trait
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Despite the fact that the labial fl
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The data in (1) show sample contras
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However, contrasts are readily atte
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case of the pronouns. If the pronou
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2.2 Vowels b. Labial-velar and lab
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If = were reinterpreted as a low fr
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The data in (19) show sample contra
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= Table 2.1: Consonant-vowel combin
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CHAPTER 3 TONE The majority of Afri
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(3) Tautomorphemic words containing
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3.2 Grammatical tone Besides the le
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(13) a. = = = = = C=@( C=@( C=@( C=
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Certain locative adverbs in Mono ha
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CHAPTER 4 LABIALIZATION AND PALATAL
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tongue position in addition to a pr
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However, this is not what we find.
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4.2 Suggested interpretations Chao
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each vowel in the sequence. She con
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consonant to be lower in sonority t
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entire word as its domain, which wo
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phonemically as ia, or as a semi-vo
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is suggested by Blevin’s (1995: 2
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. Alveolar ⎯ J =J=H= =J=H= =J=H=
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this is that these words bear stres
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Arabic, Japanese, Lardil, Estonian,
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(3) Underlying forms of sample V1CV
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the words, ‘far’, F F F F
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The adjective == == == == ‘small
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One question which arises is whethe
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1994, Elders 2000), most of which f
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In my corpus of data, adverbs begin
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contains several morphemes are term
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(2) Sample animate nouns a. C> C> C
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Second, certain adjectives are lexi
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Thus, according to Kamanda’s hypo
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(13) Sample compound nouns in Mono
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element begins with a vowel, vowel
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Cloarec-Heiss (1972: 86) for Linda.
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121) considers this to be an unprod
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document clearly the formal propert
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Repetitive aspect (REP). The repeti
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(31) a. ( ( ( ( I( I( I( I( (F= (F=
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There is a plural form ( (, ( ( whi
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7.1.3 Prepositional morphology Most
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(45) a. I( I( I( I( (= (= (= (=
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(49) a. ( ( ( ( → ~
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which reduces to '' ' ' in casual s
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CHAPTER 8 ACOUSTIC PHONETICS While
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This chapter consists of four parts
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Figure 8.2: Waveform and spectrogra
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Figure 8.4: Waveform and spectrogra
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languages on one hand (Degema and t
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Figure 8.8: Waveform of the possibl
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Figure 8.12: Waveform and spectrogr
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oth Speakers A and K. In Speaker A
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In the tokens I examined, then, I f
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ief glottalic ingressive mechanism,
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Figure 8.23: Waveform and spectrogr
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labial-velar stops is shorter than
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formant transitions at the release
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Figure 8.28: Waveform and spectrogr
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(1973) suggest plotting F1 vs. F2',
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Table 8.4: Bandwidth averages. Unit
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Figure 8.30: Plot of F1 vs. F3 (Spe
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Second, the value of F2 for the Mon
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start of or H. The second vowel wa
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Words with only two syllables shoul
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presence of a nasal formant at the
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Figures 8.40 and 8.41 show spectrog
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Second, I argue in Chapter 4 that l
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transition from the secondary artic
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linguistic universals and tendencie
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The two secondary articulations fou
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APPENDIX A TEXTS This appendix cont
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( 11. “>== >== >== >== =( =( =( =
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20. “A(FA( A(FA( A(FA( A(FA( == =
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33. “ @ @ @ @ J5(( J5(( J5(( J
- Page 197 and 198: ( 43. A@A A@A A@A A@A I( I( I( I( (
- Page 199 and 200: ( 55. J5A J5A J5A J5A =( =( =( =( =
- Page 201 and 202: ( ( ( =( =( =( =( ( ( ( ( MK( M
- Page 203 and 204: ( 9. =LKHK =LKHK =LKHK =LKHK A
- Page 205 and 206: 9. C> C> C> C> CA( CA( CA( CA( AC=
- Page 207 and 208: Table A.2: Frequency counts of vowe
- Page 209 and 210: =@AC =@AC =@AC =@AC n. bend, crook,
- Page 211 and 212: == == == == M(A( M(A( M(A( M(A( n.
- Page 213 and 214: (( ( >==C>= >==C>= >==C>= >==C>= CJ
- Page 215 and 216: @A @A @A J5(( J5(( J5(( J5(( v. cho
- Page 217 and 218: A(FA( A(FA( A(FA( A(FA( CKIK CKIK n
- Page 219 and 220: C=>= C=>= C=>= C=>= v. honor, admir
- Page 221 and 222: C>=@= C>=@= C>=@= C>=@= CK> CK> CK>
- Page 223 and 224: ADJ. sharp. F F ADJ. tart. ADJ
- Page 225 and 226: =5A =5A =5A =5A =C= =C= =C= =C= n.
- Page 227 and 228: =>= =>= =>= =>= n. knife. #0929. =(
- Page 229 and 230: = = = = Variant: >= >= >= >= n. ill
- Page 231 and 232: F=IKHK F=IKHK F=IKHK F=IKHK n. slip
- Page 233 and 234: C>@ C>@ C>@ C>@ (>= (>= (>= (>= n.
- Page 235 and 236: H >H >H >H (5( (5( (5( (5( v. be dr
- Page 237 and 238: — @ @ @ @ — @= @= @= @= v. vomi
- Page 239 and 240: C>@ C>@ C>@ C>@ AAF= AAF= AAF= AAF=
- Page 241 and 242: (C>( (C>( (C>( (C>( Variant: =(C>(
- Page 243 and 244: I I I I @ @ @ @ A(FA( A(FA( A(FA( A
- Page 245 and 246: J=@= J=@= J=@= J=@= n. lamp, torch.
- Page 247: — J5 J5 — J5=( J5=( PREP.
- Page 251 and 252: M=H M=H M=H M=H n. manioc paste. M=
- Page 253 and 254: =M=( =M=( =M=( =M=( n. bitter herbs
- Page 255 and 256: APPENDIX C AN EVALUATION OF NIGER-C
- Page 257 and 258: changes to Greenberg’s work. This
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- Page 267 and 268: Third, the supposedly borrowed word
- Page 269 and 270: Watters (1989: 409) notes that *KCM
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- Page 275 and 276: The second major issue with respect
- Page 277 and 278: difference of syllable structure) a
- Page 279 and 280: published and personally elicited.
- Page 281 and 282: languages compared. Consider a triv
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- Page 287 and 288: approximating gross groupings, ther
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- Page 291 and 292: One question which arises immediate
- Page 293 and 294: Table D.1: Genetic affiliation of l
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7. Borrowed words. If the sound is
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(4) Contrast with other labial soun
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(7) Sample lexical items in Karang
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which are shown in (11). Third, the
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distribution of the labial flap bea
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In addition, we provide evidence co
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South Mofu [MIF] (Cameroon). Barret
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the mouth (Karanga) or ‘of flicki
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ilabial or labiodental. Lim conside
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words are found in those subgroups.
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‘joint’, CM CM CM CM ‘ankle
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Feroge [FER] (Sudan). Santandrea (1
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the Méré dialect in the words CKL
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Mvuba [MXH] (D. R. Congo). Demolin
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Labial flap (1) Files labfl1_11025.
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Implosives and labialization (7) Fi
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(23) Secondary articulations I(
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(36) M= M= ‘send’ =(J= =(J= =(J
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MK( MK( I( I( I( I( AA AA AA AA
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Table F.1, continued. d. Labial con
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Table F.1, continued. e. Labial co
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Table F.1, continued. e. Alveolar c
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Table F.1, continued. e. Alveolar c
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Table F.1, continued. f. Palatal co
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Table F.1, continued. h. Palatal co
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Table F.1, continued. e. Velar/glot
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Table F.1, continued. d. Labial-vel
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Table F.2, continued. K E K@ K@
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Table F.3, continued. (12)
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Table F.4: Formant and bandwidth va
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Table F.4, continued. LA@= Spec 368
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Table F.4, continued. > Spec 326.
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Table F.4, continued. > Spec 532.86
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Table F.4, continued. > 5= Spec 619
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Table F.5, continued. E > 5= ‘two
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REFERENCES Arom, Simha, and France
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Buchanan, Michael. 1996. Rapport d
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Demolin, Didier. 1988. Some problem
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Greenberg, Joseph H. 1995. The conc
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International Phonetic Association.
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McCarthy, John J., and Alan S. Prin
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Pozzati, Aurelio. 1987. Vocabolario
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Thomas, Jacqueline M.-C. 1963. Le p
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