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Cloarec-Heiss (1972: 86) for Linda. However, not all verbs are attested in a nominalized
form. For those which are not, there is no means of identifying the underlying tone.
Second, the tone could be considered a part of the underlying form of the nominal, in
which case the derivation would proceed from the nominal to the verb. The disadvantage
of this interpretation is that, for Ubangian, linguists typically analyze this type of
derivation as proceeding from verbs to nouns.
In Ubangian, it is common for some verbs to take a direct object which is the
nominalized form of the verb (Boyd 1995: 13). Levin (1993: 95) refers to this as a
cognate object construction. Cognate objects appear to be widespread, occurring in
languages as diverse as Igbo (Nigeria, Benue-Congo; John Goldsmith, per. comm.) and
English (Levin 1993 and references therein).
Several cognate objects are attested in Mono, shown in (16):
(16) = = = = =(=( =(=( =(=( =(=( ‘travel’ (< ‘go’ + ‘trip’)
‘sleep’ (< ‘lie down, sleep’ + ‘slumber, day’)
M M M M M M M M ‘have a fever’ (< ‘be hot’ + ‘fire’)
F= F= F= F= =(F=( =(F=( =(F=( =(F=( ‘run (for exercise)’ (< ‘flee’ + ‘?’)
The second derivational process to be considered also concerns the
nominalization of a verb. This process involves a prefix with the same segmental shape
as the infinitive prefix, . The resulting tonal pattern is either High-Low or High-Mid,
depending on the lexical item (17). One case of a verb with a stative conjugation is also
attested in my corpus (17c).
( ( (
(17) Nominalized verbs (( ( () ( (cf. Kamanda, pp. 295-303; Cloarec-Heiss, p. 123)
a. High-Low melody
(= (= (= (= ‘going’ < = = = = ‘go’
(H (H (H (H ‘food’ < H H H H ‘eat (sth)’
( ( ( ( @(H @(H @(H @(H ‘kindness’ < E E E E @ @( @ @ H H H H ‘like, love (sth)’
(MKI(H (MKI(H (MKI(H (MKI(H ‘knowledge’ < MK MK MK I( I( I( I( H H H H ‘know (sth)’
(MKH (MKH (MKH (MKH ‘vision’ < MK MK H H H H ‘see (sth)’
(@C= (@C= (@C= (@C= ‘honor’ < @C= @C= @C= @C= ‘honor’
104