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Canadian Journal of Arthropod Identification No. 15 (May 2011) JACKSON ET AL. 

The Fruit Flies (Tephritidae) of Ontario 

Morgan D. Jackson*, Stephen A. Marshall*, Robert Hanner**, Allen 

L. Norrbom*** 

*School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada 

jackson@uoguelph.ca, samarsha@uoguelph.ca. ** Department of Integrative Biology, University 

of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada rhanner@uoguelph.ca. ***Systematic 

Entomology Laboratory, USDA, c/o National Museum of Natural History, MRC-168, P.O. Box 

37012, Washington, D.C. 20013-7012, USA allen.norrbom@ars.usda.gov. 

Abstract. Fourteen species of Tephritidae are newly recorded from Ontario, and 

alternative format keys are provided to the 31 genera and 73 species of fruit fly now 

known from, or likely to occur, in the province. Standard dichotomous keys to genera, 

and simplified field keys to genera and species are provided. Keys are illustrated with 

approximately 700 color photographs, and species treatments are supplemented with 

multiple identification aids, including Ontario distribution maps for each species. To aid 

in identification of immature stages, we have included sequence data (DNA barcodes) 

for 41 of the 73 species examined. 

Introduction 

Although best known because of their 

importance as agricultural pests, Tephritidae are 

also worthy of attention as generally attractive flies 

with intricate wing patterns and interesting mating 

and defensive behaviours. The taxonomy of the 

North American species is relatively well known, 

and the entire North American fauna was recently 

reviewed by Foote et al. (1993), who included 

distributional data and maps showing 42 species 

and 19 genera ranging into Ontario. We here 

review the Ontario fauna, primarily on the basis of 

specimens in the University of Guelph Insect 

Collection (DEBU), the Canadian National 

Collection (CNCI), the Lyman Entomological 

Museum (LEM), and the Royal Ontario Museum 

(ROME). The Ontario records in Foote et al. 

(1993) represent only about 60% of the fauna; we 

now recognise 67 species and 30 genera in the 

province, significantly more than previously 

thought but still a manageable number compared to 

the roughly 4550 valid species within almost 500 

genera of Tephritidae described worldwide. 

The keys in Foote et al. (1993) are thorough 

and richly illustrated, but are necessarily complex 

because they cover all 300 North American 

tephritid species. The keys herein are relatively 

simple because they are limited to the 73 species 

that occur, or are likely to occur, in the province of 

Ontario. More than 700 colour photographs are 

used to support a technical key adapted from Foote 

et al. (1993), as well as a field key designed for the 

identification of genera using a hand lens or macro 

photographs. 

Although the keys included in this paper use 

a variety of characters, wing patterns are 

particularly important, and colour wing photos are 

included for all species. Whole specimen 

photographs are also included, since many species 

have a distinctive habitus that can confirm 

identifications. Host data has been included 

wherever possible, as host information can often 

expedite speedy and reliable identification. 

DNA barcoding (Hebert et al. 2003), a 

recently developed approach to animal 

identification, is of potential value to the rapid 

detection of pest tephritid species, especially 

immature life stages that may be difficult to 

identify using morphological characters. DNA 

barcodes (standardised cytochrome c oxidase 1 

sequences) are provided here for 40 of the the 67 

Ontario tephritid species as an adjunct to 

traditional morphological tools for tephritid 

identification. In order to identify any unknown 

specimen, barcoding requires a reference database 

of known DNA sequences for comparison; the 

barcodes included herein contribute to that 

reference database for the Tephritidae. 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 1


Materials and Methods 

Morphological Work 

Character photos were taken using a 

Microptics Digital Lab XLT imaging system 

utilizing a Canon EOS 1 Ds camera and Microptics 

ML-1000 flash fibre optic illumination system. 

The computer freeware CombineZ (http://www. 

hadleyweb.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/CZ5/combinez5. 

htm) was used to combine multiple photos taken at 

different focal points into high-resolution images. 

Pinned specimen habitus shots, plates and some 

character shots were taken using a Nikon D70s 

digital camera, a Nikkor 105mm Macro lens, and a 

Nikon SB800 flash unit. Live habitus photographs 

were taken using Nikon D70 or D2X cameras, with 

105mm or 60mm lenses and various flash 

combinations. Photos were processed using Adobe 

Photoshop CS3 (AP CS3) for Windows; the online 

web pages were designed and built in Microsoft 

Powerpoint 2003. Further work on the web pages 

was done using Adobe Fireworks and Adobe 

Dreamweaver. 

Most specimens used in pinned habitus shots 

are from the University of Guelph Insect 

Collection, although some specimen photos were 

of specimens borrowed from the CNCI and LEM. 

Specimens used for photos have been labeled 

accordingly and deposited. 

Genetic Analysis 

Total genomic DNA was extracted from a 

single leg according to the protocol developed by 

Ivanova et al. (2006). A 658-bp region near the 5 

terminus of the CO1 gene was amplified using 

primers LepF1 5' ATTCAACCAATCATAAAGA 

TATTGG-3 and LepR1 5'TAAACTTCTGGATGT 

CCAAAAAATCA-3. 

PCRs were carried out in 96-well plates in 

12.5- l reaction volumes containing 2.5 mM 

MgCl2, 5 pmol of each primer, 20 M dNTPs, 10 

mM Tris HCl (pH 8.3), 50 mM KCl, 10–20 ng (1– 

2 l) of genomic DNA, and 1 unit of TaqDNA 

polymerase using a thermocycling profile of one 

cycle of 2 min at 94°C; five cycles of 40 sec at 

94°C, 40 sec at 45°C, and 1 min at 72°C; followed 

by 35 cycles of 40 sec at 94°C, 40 sec at 51°C, and 

1 min at 72°C, with a final step of 5 min at 72°C. 

Products were visualized on a 2% agarose E-Gel 

96-well system (Invitrogen), and samples 

containing clean single bands were bidirectionally 

sequenced by using BIGDYE 3.1 on an ABI 3730 

DNA Analyzer (Applied Biosystems). Contigs 

were assembled by using SEQUENCHER 4.0.5 

(Gene Codes). 

Sequences, trace files, and field data are 

available in the Teph (file name) file in the 

Completed Projects section of the Barcode of Life 

Database (BOLD; www.barcodinglife.org; 

Ratnasingham and Hebert, 2007). Additional 

collection information is deposited in the 

University of Guelph Insect Collection Database 

and all sequences have been deposited in the 

GenBank database (CO1: accession nos. 

EU484466–EU484568). Sequence divergences 

were calculated by using the K2P distance model 

(Kimura, 1980) and an NJ phenogram (Saitou & 

Nei, 1987) was created (as implemented in BOLD) 

to provide a graphic representation of the amongspecies 

divergences. A table of specimens 

sequenced for DNA barcoding has been included 

(Appendix). 

Checklist of Tephritidae species occuring or 

likely to occur in Ontario (classification based 

on Norrbom et al. 1999) 

‡ - New Canadian record 

† - New Ontario record 

* - Species not yet recorded in Ontario, but likely 

to occur 

◊ - Species recorded from Ontario since Foote et 

al. (1993) 

● – Barcode Acquired 

Subfamily Trypetinae 

Tribe Adramini 

Euphranta Loew 

Euphranta canadensis (Loew) ● 

Tribe Carpomyini 

Subtribe Carpomyina 

Rhagoletis Loew 

Rhagoletis basiola (Osten Sacken) ● 

Rhagoletis chionanthi Bush ‡ 

Rhagoletis cingulata (Loew) ● 

Rhagoletis cornivora Bush 

Rhagoletis fausta Osten Sacken ● 

Rhagoletis juniperina Marcovitch ◊● 

Rhagoletis meigenii (Loew) † 

Rhagoletis mendax Curran 

Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) ● 

Rhagoletis striatella Wulp ● 

Rhagoletis suavis (Loew) ‡● 

Rhagoletis tabellaria (Fitch) ● 

Rhagoletis zephyria Snow 

Rhagoletotrypeta Aczél 

Rhagoletotrypeta rohweri Foote ‡● 

Zonosemata Benjamin 

Zonosemata electa (Say) ● 

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Tribe Trypetini 

Subtribe Chetostomatina 

Chetostoma Rondani 

Chetostoma californicum Blanc 

Paramyiolia Shiraki 

Paramyiolia nigricornis (Doane) 

Parastenopa Hendel 

Parastenopa limata (Coquillett) ‡ 

Subtribe Trypetina 

Euleia Walker 

Euleia fratria (Loew) ● 

Strauzia Robineau-Desvoidy 

Strauzia arculata (Loew) ‡ 

Strauzia intermedia (Loew) 

Strauzia longipennis (Wiedemann) ● 

Strauzia perfecta (Loew) ● 

Trypeta Meigen 

Trypeta flaveola Coquillett ◊● 

Subfamily Tephritinae 

Tribe Acrotaeniini 

Tomoplagia Coquillett 

Tomoplagia obliqua (Say) ◊● 

Tribe Cecidocharini 

Procecidochares Hendel 

Procecidochares atra (Loew) ● 

Procecidochares gibba (Loew) * 

Procecidocharoides Foote 

Procecidocharoides penelope (Osten Sacken) 

Tribe Dithrycini 

Subtribe Eurostina 

Eurosta Loew 

Eurosta comma Wiedemann ◊● 

Eurosta cribrata (Wulp) * 

Eurosta fenestrata Snow † 

Eurosta latifrons (Loew) * 

Eurosta solidaginis solidaginis (Fitch) ● 

Tribe Eutretini 

Eutreta Loew 

Eutreta caliptera (Say) 

Eutreta frontalis Curran ● 

Eutreta novaeboracensis (Fitch) ● 

Stenopa Loew 

Stenopa vulnerata (Loew) †● 

Xanthomyia Phillips 

Xanthomyia platyptera (Loew) ◊● 

Tribe Myopitini 

Urophora Robineau-Desvoidy 

Urophora affinis affinis (Frauenfeld) † 

Urophora cardui (Linnaeus) ◊● 

Urophora quadrifasciata quadrifasciata 

(Meigen) ◊● 

Tribe Noeetini 

Acidogona Loew 

Acidogona melanura (Loew) * 

Jamesomyia Quisenberry 

Jamesomyia geminata (Loew) ◊ 

Tribe Tephritini 

Campiglossa Hendel 

Campiglossa albiceps (Loew) ● 

Campiglossa farinata (Novak) 

Campiglossa genalis (Thomson) 

Campiglossa sabroskyi Novak †● 

Dioxyna Frey 

Dioxyna picciola (Bigot) ● 

Euaresta Loew 

Euaresta aequalis (Loew) ● 

Euaresta bella (Loew) ● 

Euaresta festiva (Loew) ● 

Euarestoides Benjamin 

Euarestoides abstersus (Loew) * 

Euarestoides acutangulus (Thomson) * 

Neotephritis Hendel 

Neotephritis finalis (Loew) 

Tephritis Latreille 

Tephritis angustipennis (Loew) ● 

Tephritis araneosa (Coquillett) ● 

Tephritis candidipennis Foote † 

Tephritis michiganensis Quisenberry 

Tephritis pura (Loew) ● 

Tephritis webbii Doane 

Trupanea Schrank 

Trupanea actinobola (Loew) ● 

Trupanea dacetoptera Phillips 

Xanthaciura Hendel 

Xanthaciura tetraspina (Phillips) ◊● 

Tribe Terellini 

Neaspilota Osten Sacken 

Neaspilota alba (Loew) * 

Neaspilota albidipennis (Loew) ◊● 

Neaspilota footei Friedberg & Mathis 

Neaspilota reticulata Norrbom & Foote ◊ 

Neaspilota vernoniae (Loew) ◊ 

Terellia Robineau-Desvoidy 

Terellia palposa (Loew) ● 

Terellia ruficauda (Fabricius) ● 

Tribe Xyphosiini 

Icterica Loew 

Icterica circinata (Loew) ● 

Icterica seriata (Loew) ● 

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The Utility of DNA Barcoding for Specimen 

Identification in Tephritidae 

COI sequences (DNA Barcodes) were 

obtained for 128 specimens (out of 202 specimens 

attempted, see Appendix I), representing 41 

species in 22 genera. Of these 128 successful 

specimens, 44 yielded full DNA Barcodes (658bp), 

59 yielded near-complete DNA Barcodes (561bp 

or more), and 25 specimens yielded sequences of 

less than 350bp. 

When sequences were compared using a 

neighbor-joining phenogram (Appendix II), most, 

but not all, specimens formed distinct clusters 

which accurately reflected morphological species. 

Two clusters incorrectly “identified” 

morphologically distinct specimens. Euaresta 

festiva (TEPH012, TEPH098) clustered with a 

single Euaresta aequalis specimen (TEPH010) and 

a single Euphranta canadensis specimen 

(TEPH014), despite remaining disjunct from the 

main Euaresta aequalis and Euphranta canadensis 

clusters. All sequences in this Euaresta festiva 

cluster were longer than 601bp, so we postulate a 

possible contamination of the TEPH010 and 

TEPH014 sequences. 

A single Rhagoletis cingulata specimen 

(TEPH 123) was clustered with Campiglossa 

sabroskyi (TEPH0117), while the remaining R. 

cingulata specimens successfully clustered 

together away from the Campiglossa group. This 

anomaly is possibly an artifact of insufficient data, 

as the TEPH123 sequence is only 288bp, or 

perhaps a contaminant. 

The sequences identified above as potential 

cases of contamination were annotated in the 

BOLD database to reflect these concerns. 

In multiple instances, DNA barcodes of 

closely related species provided insufficient 

information for distinguishing between these 

species (i.e. Tephritis candidipennis and T. pura; 

Eutreta frontalis and E. novaeboracensis; 

Urophora affinis and U. cardui). Further taxon 

sampling and inclusion of more specimens may be 

required for differentiating these species using 

DNA Barcodes or use of another marker may be 

necessary. 

The objective of the sequencing component 

of this project was to contribute to the DNA 

Barcoding database by providing CO1 sequences 

based on morphologically identified specimens. 

This was done to facilitate the potential use of a 

sequence database as an identification aid, and not 

to test species concepts and taxon limits. With this 

in mind, our limited dataset does show that most 

genera and species of Ontario Tephritidae possess 

distinct DNA Barcode clusters, and that most 

haplogroups reflect morphologically defined taxa. 

The database of fruit fly DNA Barcodes is 

currently being expanded through an international 

collaboration of researchers under the Tephritid 

Barcode Initiative. 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 4


Key to the genera of Tephritidae of eastern Canada 

Modified from Foote et al. 1993 

Euaresta bella 

Strauzia longipennis 

Urophora cardui 


Urophora quadrifasciata 

Rhagoletis pomonella 

Rhagoletis tabellaria 

Rhagoletotrypeta rohweri 


1’ 1’ Vein Vein CuA2 CuA2 usually usually with witha a distinct distinctbend,always bend,always meeting vein vein A1 A1 at at 

less less than than 90 90 degrees; posterior apical apical corner corner of of cell cell cup cup thus thusproduced produced 

into into at at least least a small small point. point. Thorax Thorax color color variable, if if black black with with yellow yellow stripe stripe 

on on pleuron pleuron then then wing wing bands bands either either forming forming an an F distally distally or orwith with V-shaped 

marks marks opening in in opposite directions; or or if if wing wing marked marked with with an an M, M, 

scutum scutum with with medial medial white white stripe stripe 

2 

1 Vein Vein CuA2 CuA2convex, convex, meeting vein vein A1 A1 at at an an angle angle greater greater than than 90 90 

degrees, posterior apical apical corner corner of of cell cell cup cupnot not drawn drawn into into a point. point. Wing Wing 

usually usually with withdark dark bands bands forming forming an an M or or two two inverted V-shaped marks marks 

(rarely (rarely with with 3 unconnected vertical vertical bands). Thorax Thorax black black with with yellow yellow stripe stripe 

on on pleuron pleuron and and large large yellow yellow mark mark on on scutellum 


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Zonosemata electa 

d 

b 

d 

a 

c 

c 

Rhagoletis suavis 

a 

Xanthaciura tetraspina 

b 

2’ 2’ Dorsocentral bristles bristles (a) (a) arising arisingcloser closer to to either either postsutural supra-alar 

bristles bristles (c) (c) or ortransverse transverse suture suture (d) (d) than thanacrostichal acrostichal bristles bristles (b). (b). Scutum 

variously coloured, but but not not with with 3 yellow yellow stripes stripes and and dark dark U-shaped mark mark 

2 Dorsocentral bristles bristles (a) (a) arising arisingcloser closer to to acrostichal bristles bristles (b) (b) than than 

postsutural supra-alar bristles bristles (c) (c) or ortransverse transverse suture suture (d). (d). Scutum mostly mostly 

orange orange with with 3 yellow yellow stripes stripes and and usually usually with with dark darkbrown brown or or black, black, often often 

U-shaped mark mark 

3 


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Procecidocharoides penelope 


Stenopa vulnerata 


3’ 3’ Scutellum variously coloured, never never distinctly swollen or or polished. 

Wing Wing various, but but if if crossveins r-m r-mand and dm-cu dm-cu covered by by the the same same band, band, 

then then body body orange orange 

3 Scutellum completely black, black, inflated, and and polished or or subshining 

(sparsely pruinose). Wing Wing with with either either heavy heavy banding across across entire entire wing, wing, 

or or with with crossveins r-m r-mand anddm-cu dm-cuclosely closely approximated and and covered by by 

the the same same band band 

6 

4 

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4’ 4’ Crossvein r-m r-msituated situated distinctly beyond beyondmiddle middle of of cell cell dm, dm, closer closer to to 

vein vein dm-cu dm-cu and andboth both crossveins covered by by same same dark dark band. band. Wing Wing with with at at 

most most 4 dark dark wing wing bands bands 

4 Crossvein r-m r-msituated situated near near middle middle of of cell cell dm; dm; crossvein dm-cu dm-cunot not 

covered by by the the same same dark dark band band as as crossvein r-m. r-m. Wing Wing heavily heavily marked 

with with 6 distinctive, broad broad and and dark dark bands bands 

5 

Stenopa Loew Loew 

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Procecidochares atra 


Procecidochares gibba 


5’ 5’ Frons Frons with with one one pair pair of of orbital orbital bristles, sometimes 4, 4, rarely rarely 2 (if (if two two 

pairs pairs present, posterior pair pair poorly poorly developed, minute); cell cell cuA1 cuA1 entirely entirely 

hyaline hyaline between 2nd 2nd and and 3rd 3rd bands bands of of wing wing 

5 Frons Frons with with two two pairs pairs of of orbital orbital bristles, the the posterior pair pair well well 

developed and and convergent; cell cell cuA1 cuA1with withat at least least a faint faint brownish mark mark 

present present in in hyaline hyaline area area between 2nd 2nd and and 3rd 3rd bands bands of of wing wing 

Procecidochares Hendel Hendel 

Procecidocharoides Foote Foote 

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Terellia ruficauda Eutreta novaeboracensis 

6’ 6’ Posterior orbital orbital bristles bristles reclinate or or absent absent 

6 Posterior orbital orbital bristles bristlesdistinctly distinctly convergent 

8 

7 

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Neaspilota vernoniae 

Terellia palposa 

Neaspilota footei 

Terellia ruficauda 



Terellia ruficauda Neaspilota albidipennis 

7’ 7’ Node Node of of vein vein Rs Rswithout without setae; setae; apex apex of of cell cell r4+5 r4+5 clear clear or or at at least least with with 

large large hyaline hyaline subapical or or apical apical spot. spot. Acrostichal bristles bristles arising arising from from 

pale pale area. area. 

7 One One to to several several setae setae present on on node node of of vein vein Rs; Rs; wing wing with with extensive 

markings, apex apex of of cell cell r4+5 r4+5broadly broadly brown. brown. Acrostichal bristles bristlesarising arising 

from from dark dark lyre-shaped area area or or dark dark spots. spots. 

Neaspilota Osten Osten Sacken 

Terellia TerelliaRobineau-Desvoidy Robineau-Desvoidy 

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Neaspilota albidipennis 



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c 

c 

a 

a 

b 

b 


8’ 8’ Dorsocentral bristles bristles (a) (a) arising arisingcloser closer to to transverse suture suture (c) (c) than than 

to to postsutural supra-alar bristles bristles (b) (b) 

8 Dorsocentral bristles bristles (a) (a) arising arisingcloser closer to to postsutural supra-alar 

bristles bristles (b) (b) than than to to transverse suture suture (c) (c) 

22 22 

9 

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Chetostoma californicum Euleia fratria 

9’ 9’ Lower Lower margin margin of of gena gena without without such such large large setae setae anterior to to genal genal 

bristle bristle 

9 Lower Lower margin margin of of gena genawith withseveral several well-developed setae setae anterior to to 

genal genalbristle bristle 

10 10 


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Euphranta canadensis Rhagoletis pomonella 

10’ 10’ Two Two pairs pairs of of orbital orbital bristles bristles present 

10 10 1 pair pair of of orbital orbital bristles bristles present present 

12 12 

11 11 

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Euphranta canadensis 




11’ 11’ Presutural supra-alar bristles bristles present; all all wing wing bands bands connected to to 

one one another 

11 11 Presutural supra-alar bristles bristleslacking; lacking; some some wing wing bands bands separate 

from from each each other other 


Euphranta Loew Loew 

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Rhagoletis completa 

Eurosta solidaganis 

12’ 12’ Vein Vein r-m r-msituated situated distinctly beyond beyond middle middle of of cell cell dm, dm, closer closer to to vein vein 

dm-cu dm-cu 

12 12 Vein Vein r-m r-msituated situated near near middle middle of of cell cell dm dm 

15 15 

13 13 

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Trypeta flaveola 


13’ 13’ First First flagellomere rounded at at dorsal dorsal apex apex 

13 13 First First flagellomere pointed pointed at at dorsal dorsal apex apex 

14 14 

Rhagoletis Loew Loew 

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14’ 14’ Background colour colour of of body body black black or or dark dark brown brown 

14 14 Background colour colour of of body body yellow yellow 

Rhagoletotrypeta Aczél Aczél 


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Xanthomyia platyptera 

Euleia fratria 

15’ 15’ Some Some or or all all postocular bristles bristles whitish whitish or or yellowish 

15 15 All All postocular bristles bristlesdark darkbrown brown to to black black 

18 18 

16 16 

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Parastenopa limata 

Paramyiolia nigricornis 



16’ 16’ Distal Distal quarter quarter of of wing wing with with two two transverse clear clear areas, areas, central central area area 

mostly mostly dark. dark. Male Malewith with frontal frontal bristles bristles not not greatly greatly enlarged 

16 16 Distal Distal quarter quarter of of wing wing entirely entirely dark, dark, central central part part with with two two round round clear clear 

spots spots and and single single posterior triangle. Male Malewith with 2 or or 3 greatly greatly enlarged 

frontal frontal bristles bristles 

17 17 

Paramyiolia Shiraki 

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17’ 17’ Wing Wing with with 2 wedge-shaped marginal hyaline hyaline marks marks in in cells cells r1 r1 and and 

r2+3; r2+3; body body brown brown 

17 17 Wing Wing with with single single wedge-shaped marginal hyaline hyaline mark mark in in cells cells r1 r1and and 

r2+3; r2+3; body body yellow yellow 


Euleia Euleia Walker Walker 

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Icterica seriata 

Eurosta latifrons 

18’ 18’ Apical Apical pair pair of of scutellar bristles bristles roughly roughly the the same same length length as as the thebasal basal 

pair pair 

18 18 Apical Apical pair pair of of scutellar bristles bristlesabsent absent or or distinctly shorter shorter than than basal basal 

pair pair 

19 19 

Eurosta Loew Loew 

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19’ 19’ Background colour colour of of body body black black or or brown. brown. Dorsal Dorsalapex apex of of first first 

flagellomere pointed; parafacial usually usually with with small small brown brown spot spot at at level level of of 

antenna 

19 19 Background colour colour of of body body yellow. yellow. Dorsal Dorsalapex apex of of first first flagellomere 

rounded; parafacial without withoutbrown brown spot spot 

20 20 

Icterica Icterica Loew Loew 

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Icterica seriata Icterica seriata 

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Xanthomyia platyptera Xanthomyia platyptera 

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Jamesomyia geminata 




20’ 20’ Wing Wing narrower, more more elongate, with with 2 marginal hyaline hyaline spots spots in in cell cell 

r1. r1. Three Threeor or more more pairs pairs of of frontal frontal bristles bristles 

20 20 Wing Wing broad, broad, subovoid, with with 4 marginal hyaline hyaline spots spots in in cell cell r1. r1. Two Two 

pairs pairs of of frontal frontal bristles bristles 

21 21 

Xanthomyia Phillips 

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Xanthomyia platyptera Xanthomyia platyptera 

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Jamesomyia geminata Jamesomyia geminata 

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Acidogona melaneura 




21’ 21’ Wing Wing with with hyaline hyaline marginal marks marks in in cell cell r1 r1 much much larger larger than than other other 

hyaline hyaline marks. marks. First Firstflagellomere flagellomere of of female female less less than than ½ as as long long as as height height 

of of eye eye 

21 21 Wing Wing with with hyaline hyaline marginal marks marks in in cell cell r1 r1similar similarin in size size to to other other 

hyaline hyaline marks. marks. First Firstflagellomere flagellomere of offemale female at at least least 2/3 2/3 as as long long as as height height 

of of eye eye 


Acidogona Loew Loew 

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Euaresta festiva 

22’ 22’ Width Width of of frons frons at at vertex vertex greater greater than than width width of of eye. eye. Wing Wingvarious, various, 

never never as as in in Xanthaciura 

22 22 Width Width of of frons frons at at vertex vertexless lessthan than or or about about equal equal to to width width of of eye. eye. 

Wing Wingmostly mostly brown, brown, cells cells r2+3 r2+3and andr4+5 r4+5without withoutmarginal marginal hyaline hyaline 

markings, cell cell r1 r1with with2 2 wedge-shaped hyaline hyaline marks marks not not extending 

beyond beyond vein vein R4+5 R4+5 

23 23 


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Trupanea dacetoptera 

Tephritis pura 

Trupanea actinobola 


Dioxyna picciola 


23’ 23’ Usually Usually two two pairs pairs of of scutellar bristles, if if posterior pair pair absent, absent, 

proboscis geniculate (bent). (bent). Wing Wingpattern pattern variable 

23 23 Only Only 1 pair pair of of scutellar bristles. Three Threeor or more more pairs pairs of of frontal frontal bristles; 

proboscis straight. Wing Wingpattern pattern stellate, with with large large subapical brown brown spot spot 

with with narrow narrow rays rays to to pterostigma, posterior margin, and and apex apex 

24 24 


doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 37




Trupanea dacetoptera Trupanea actinobola 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 38





Dioxyna picciola Euarestoides acutangulus 

Tomoplagia obliqua 

Eutreta novaeboracensis 

Campiglossa albiceps 

24’ 24’ Wing Wing various, never never with with strong strongyellow yellow bands bands 

24 24 Wing Wing clear clear with with 4 strongly oblique oblique yellow yellow and and brown brown bands bands 

25 25 


doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 39





25’ 25’ Three, Three, rarely rarely four, four, pairs pairs of of frontal frontal bristles bristles 

25 25 Two Two pairs pairs of of frontal frontal bristles bristles 

29 29 

26 26 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 40







26’ 26’ Thorax Thorax black, black, covered in in greyish greyishtomentum, tomentum, wing wing without without a bulla; bulla; 

wing wing pattern pattern various various 

26 26 Thorax Thorax yellow yellow or or black black in in background color, color, covered in in whitish whitish 

tomentum; if if thorax thorax black, black, then then wing wing always always with with a bulla bulla in in cell cell r4+5; r4+5; wing wing 

pattern pattern radiate radiate 

27 27 

Euaresta Loew Loew 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 41






Tephritis araneosa 





27’ 27’ Proboscis long, long, geniculate (bent (bent at at midpoint); pterostigma often often with with 

hyaline hyaline spot. spot. Hind Hindfemur femur with with 2 preapical dorsal dorsal setae, setae, 1 anterodorsal, 1 

posterodorsal. Abdomen usually usually with with paired, paired, diffuse diffuse spots spots 

27 27 Proboscis short, short, capitate, not not bent bent at at mid-point; pterostigma 

completely dark. dark. Hind Hindfemur femur with with 1 preapical anterodorsal seta. seta. Abdomen 

without without spots spots 

28 28 


doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 42






doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 43






doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 44







28’ 28’ Head Head rarely rarely longer longer than than high, high, never never markedly so; so; apical apical scutellar 

seta seta usually usually at at least least as as long long as as scutellum 

28 28 Head Head longer longerthan than high; high; apical apical scutellar seta setausually usually shorter shorter than than 

scutellum 

Campiglossa Hendel 

Dioxyna Frey Frey 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 45



Euarestoides acutangulus 

Neotephritis finalis 


29’ 29’ Apex Apex of of cell cell r4+5 r4+5 with with at at least least a small small clear clear spot, spot, often often more more broadly broadly 

clear clear 

29 29 Apex Apex of of cell cell r4+5 r4+5dark dark 

30 30 


doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 46







30’ 30’ Wing Wing mostly mostly dark dark with with small small clear clear spots spots and and a narrow narrow clear clear band band 

along along apical apical margin. margin. Face Faceand and parafacial with with dark dark spots spots 

30 30 Wing Wing mostly mostly clear clear or or lightly lightly marked except except for for stellate stellate marking in in 

apical apical third. third. Face Faceand and parafacial without without spots spots 

Eutreta Eutreta Loew Loew 


doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 47


Field Key to the genera of Tephritidae of eastern Canada 


Rhagoletis juniperina 






1’ 1’ Usually Usually not not black black with with yellow yellow band band on on pleuron, if if so, so, then then wing wing bands bands 

either either forming an an F distally distally or orwith with V’s V’s opening in in opposite directions; or or if if 

wing wing marked with with an an M, M, scutum scutum with with medial medial white white stripe stripe 

1 Dark Dark wing wing bands bands usually usuallyforming forming an an M or ortwo two inverted V’s V’s (rarely (rarely with with 

3 unconnected vertical vertical bands); thorax thorax black black with with yellow yellow band band on on pleuron pleuron 

2 


doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 48




Campiglossa albiceps Eurosta solidaginis 

Rhagoletis pomonella Strauzia longipennis 

2’ 2’ Scutum variously coloured, but but never never as as in in Zonosemata 

2 Scutum with withdark dark grey grey or or black black U-shaped marking and and3 3 longitudinal 

yellow yellow stripes stripes 

3 


doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 49







3’ 3’ Scutellum not not distinctly swollen or or polished; if if body body black black and and wing wing 

bands bands forming forming an an F distally distally then then scutellum with with contrasting yellow yellow 

colouration 

3 Scutellum completely black, black, inflated, and and polished or or subshining 

(sparsely pruinose); body body black, black, wing wing boldly boldly banded bandedor or bands bands forming forming an an 

F-shape distally distally 

6 

4 

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doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 51





4’ 4’ Wing Wingwith with fewer fewer bands, bands, or or bands bands not not black black in in colour colour 

4 Wing Wing heavily heavily marked with with distinctive black, black, broad, broad, basal basal banding 

5 

Stenopa Loew Loew 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 52







5’ 5’ Usually Usually one one pair pair of of orbital orbital bristles, sometimes four, four, rarely rarely two two (if (if two two 

pairs pairs present, posterior pair pair very very poorly poorly developed and and minute); clear clear 

area area between 2nd 2nd and and 3rd 3rd bands bands of of wing wing without without dark dark mark mark 

5 Frons Frons with with two two pairs pairs of of orbital orbital bristles, the the posterior pair pair well well 

developed and and convergent; at at least least a faint faint mark mark always always present in in clear clear 

area area between 2nd 2nd and and 3rd 3rd bands bands of of wing wing below below middle middle of of cell cell dm dm 

Procecidochares Hendel Hendel 

Procecidocharoides Foote Foote 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 53



Icterica circinata 


Euaresta aequalis 


Rhagoletis basiola 


6’ 6’ Wing Wing pattern pattern various, but but never never with with dark dark margins and and uniformly 

yellow yellow central central area. area. Body Bodyvarious, various, but but if if yellow, yellow, wing wing with with distinct distinct hyaline hyaline 

bands bands or or spots spots 

6 Wing Wing yellow yellow with with dark dark leading leading and and trailing trailing edges edges and and yellow yellow centrally. 

Body Bodyyellow yellow 

7 

Icterica IctericaLoew Loew 

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Eurosta solidaginis 



7’ 7’ Wing Wingwith with clear clear markings throughout in in banding patterns or or in in large large 

spots spots 

7 Wing Wing almost almost entirely entirely dark dark except except for for clear clear crescent around around distal distal 

edge edge and and some some very very small small clear clear spots spots throughout wing wing 

8 

Eutreta Eutreta Loew Loew 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 56








8’ 8’ Wing Wing with with dark dark patterning 

8 Wing Wing clear, clear, pterostigma sometimes shaded shaded 

9 

Neaspilota Osten Osten Sacken (in (in part) part) 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 57







9’ 9’ Wing Wing variable, if if star-like pattern pattern present, then then basal basal half half of of wing wing with with 

at at least least some some dark dark marks marks 

9 Wing Wing with with dark dark star-like pattern pattern in in distal distal half, half, basal basal half half completely 

without without dark dark patterning 

10 10 


doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 58







10’ 10’ Distal Distal 1/4 1/4of of wing wing with with at at least least some some clear clear areas areas 

10 10 Distal Distal 1/4 1/4of of wing wing entirely entirely dark dark 

12 12 

11 11 

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11’ 11’ Leading edge edge of of wing wing with with 4 clear clear triangles; anal anal cell cell almost almost entirely entirely 

clear clear 

11 11 Leading edge edge of of wing wing with with 3 clear clear triangles; anal anal cell celldark darkwith with single single 

clear clear band band near near distal distal edge edge 


Paramyiolia Shirakia 

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12’ 12’ Distal Distal 1/3 1/3 of of wing wing always always with with at at least least 3 clear clear spots, spots, usually usually more; more; 

wing wing dark dark with with pale pale spots spots or or pale pale with with various various dark dark markings other other than than 

complete bands, bands, distal distal pattern pattern never never forming forming an an F or or inverted V shape shape 

12 12 At At most most 2 clear clear spots spots in in distal distal 1/3 1/3 of of wing; wing; dark darktransverse transverse bands bands 

crossing entire entire wing, wing, distal distal bands bands often often forming forming an an F or oran an inverted V 

13 13 

24 24 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 61



Chetostoma californicum 






13’ 13’ Dark Dark markings of of wing wing as as in in above above three three photos, photos, not not F or or V shaped shaped 

markings; sometimes with with 4 parallel parallel bands bands 

13 13 Dark Dark bands bands of of wing wing forming forming a definite definite F, F, inverted V, V, or or 3 parallel parallel 

transverse lines lines 

22 22 

14 14 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 62



14 14 Dark Dark bands bands of of wing wing forming forming an an F-shape in in 

distal distal half half of of wing wing 

15 15 


14’ 14’ Dark Dark bands bands of of wing wing forming forming an an inverted Vshapeshape 

in in distal distal third third of of wing wing 

18 18 


14” 14” Dark Dark bands bands of of wing wing forming forming 3 parallel, 

transverse lines lines across across wing wing 

21 21 


doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 63



Strauzia intermedia 

Rhagoletis cornivora 



15’ 15’ Body Body yellow yellow 

15 15 Body Body brown brown to to black black 

17 17 

16 16 

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Parastenopa limata Rhagoletis cornivora 

16’ 16’ Basal Basal two-thirds of of wing wing with with extensive clear clear areas areas not not restricted to to 

anterior half. half. Body Bodyusually usually black, black, sometimes brownish yellow yellow 

16 16 Basal Basal two-thirds of of wing wing mostly mostly dark dark except except for for two two wedge-shaped 

clear clear marks marks along along anterior half. half. Body Bodybrown brown 

Rhagoletis Loew Loew (in (in part) part) 


doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 65




Strauzia arculata 



17’ 17’ Abdomen globular; front front of of head head rounded in in profile; profile; males males without without 

greatly greatly enlarged frontal frontal bristles bristles 

17 17 Abdomen elongate; front front of of head head angular in in profile; profile; males males with with 

greatly greatly enlarged frontal frontal bristles bristles 

Euleia EuleiaWalker Walker 


doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 66







18’ 18’ Body Body variously coloured,if yellow, yellow, then then abdominal tergites tergites either either 

without without spots, spots, or or with with 4 rows rows of of spots; spots; wing wing various various but but never never as as shown shown at at 

left left 

18 18 Body Body yellow; yellow; 2 rows rows of of dark darkspots spots on onabdominal abdominal tergites; wing wing with with 

four four parallel, transverse, darkly-bordered, yellow yellow bands bands 


19 19 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 67





Terellia palposa Rhagoletis suavis 

19’ 19’ Abdomen sometimes banded but but never never with with spots; spots; posterior orbital orbital 

bristles bristles reclinate 

19 19 Abdomen with with 4 rows rows of of spots, spots, spots spots sometimes joined joined by by small small 

lateral lateral bands; bands; posterior orbital orbital bristles bristles distinctly convergent 

20 20 

Terellia Terellia Robineau Desvoidy (in (in part) part) 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 68









20’ 20’ Body Body yellow yellow or or black, black, scutum scutum never never with with a medial medial light light stripe; stripe; wing wing 

never never with with a rounded M pattern; first first flagellomere pointed pointed at at dorsal dorsal apex apex 

20 20 Body Body brown brown to to black, black, scutum scutum with with a light light medial medial longitudinal strip; strip; 

wing wing with with a rounded M pattern; first first flagellomere rounded at at dorsal dorsal apex apex 


Rhagoletotrypeta Aczél Aczél 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 69





Rhagoletis meigenii 




21’ 21’ Body Body orangish-brown, scutum scutum usually usually without without 3 dark dark stripes stripes but but 

stripes stripes weak weak if if present; distal distal wing wing band band crescent-shaped, inner inner margin margin 

straight; first first flagellomere pointed pointed at at dorsal dorsal apex apex 

21 21 Body Body light light yellow, yellow, scutum scutum with with 3 strong, strong, dark dark stripes stripes running 

longitudinally; distal distal wing wing band band crescent-shaped; first first flagellomere 

rounded at at dorsal dorsal apex apex 



doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 70









22’ 22’ Thorax Thorax orange-brown or or greyish greyishblue, blue, wing wing never never with with 4 distinct distinct dark dark 

crossbands 

22 22 Thorax Thoraxand and abdomen pale pale yellow; yellow; wing wing with with 4 distinct distinct dark dark 

crossbands 

23 23 

Euphranta Loew Loew 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 71






doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 72








23’ 23’ Thorax Thoraxgreyish-blue, greyish-blue, abdomen yellowish with with 4 rows rows of of spots, spots, 

sometimes joined joined by by small small lateral lateral bands. bands. Wing Wing membrane with with 

extensively smokey or or infuscated areas areas between dark darkbands bands 

23 23 Thorax Thorax orange, abdomen dark dark brown brown to to black black without without spots. spots. Wing Wing 

membrane clear clear between dark dark bands bands 

Terellia Terellia Robineau-Desvoidy (in (in part) part) 


doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 73





doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 74








24’ 24’ If Ifapical apical third third of of wing wing mostly mostly dark, dark, then then scutellum different colour colour than than 

rest rest of of thorax. thorax. 

24 24 Apical Apicalthird third of of wings wings mostly mostly dark dark with with triangular clear clear area area at at apex apex of of 

pterostigma. Scutellum same same colour colour as as rest rest of of thorax. thorax. 

25 25 

Eurosta Loew Loew 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 75







25’ 25’ Wing Wing various, but but apical apical third third with with 6 or or more more large large clear clear spots; spots; thorax thorax 

and and abdomen various various 

25 25 Wing Wing mostly mostly dark dark in in apical apical third; third; thorax thorax and and abdomen light light yellow yellow 

with with dark dark spots spots 

26 26 


doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 76




Euaresta aequalis Euaresta bella 



26’ 26’ Body Body never never yellow yellow and and wing wing never never with with dark dark bulla bulla 

26 26 Body Body yellow yellowor or grey; grey; wing wing sometimes with with dark dark bulla bulla (blister-like 

structure), but but if if thorax thorax grey grey then then wing wing always always with with dark dark bulla bulla 

28 28 

27 27 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 77




Neaspilota reticulata 


27’ 27’ Thorax Thorax either either all all yellow yellowor or all all grey, grey, never never with with lyre-shaped pattern; 

thorax thorax and and abdomen same same colour. colour. Host: Host: Ambrosia spp sppor or Xanthium 

strumarium 

27 27 Scutum with with grey grey lyre-shaped pattern, abdomen yellow. yellow. Host: Host: 

Coreopsis tripteris tripteris 

Euaresta Loew Loew 

Neaspilota Osten Osten Sacken (in (in part) part) 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 78



Acidogona melaneura Tephritis pura 

28’ 28’ First First flagellomere much much less less than than 2/3 2/3 length length of of eye eye 

28 28 First First flagellomere more more than than 2/3 2/3 length length of of eye eye 

29 29 

Acidogona Loew Loew 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 79







29’ 29’ Wing Wing narrow narrow and and appearing to to be be mostly mostly clear; clear; parafacial without without 

spots spots 

29 29 Wing Wing noticeably broad broad with with many many small small clear clear areas areas interspersed 

throughout; parafacial with with dark dark spots spots 

30 30 

Xanthomyia Philllips 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 80



Euarestoides abstersus 




30’ 30’ Wing Wingwith withmultiple multiple dark dark areas areasor or without without conspicuous dark dark areas areas 

30 30 Wing Wing with with single single dark dark area area along along leading leading edge edge of of apical apical half half 

31 31 


doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 81






Tephritis candidipennis 


31’ 31’ Wing Wing various, but but pattern pattern not not dominated by by 2 distinct distinct dark dark areas areas on on 

anterior half half 

31 31 Wing Wing with with 2 distinct distinct dark dark areas areas on on anterior half half 

32 32 


doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 82





Dioxyna picciola Campiglossa albiceps 

32’ 32’ Wing Wing with with dark dark patterning in in basal basal 3/4; 3/4; head head oval oval in inprofile, profile, taller taller than than 

long long 

32 32 Wing Wing largely largely clear clear with with some some dark dark patterning in in apical apical 1/4; 1/4; head head 

subquadrate in in profile, profile, longer longer than than high high 

33 33 

Dioxyna Frey Frey 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 83







33’ 33’ Tip Tip of of wing wing with with clear clear spots spots in in dark dark area; area; gray gray part part of of abdomen with with 

dorsal dorsal dark dark spots spots 

33 33 Tip Tip of of wing wing with with uninterrupted dark dark area; area; gray gray part part of of abdomen 

without without dorsal dorsal dark dark spots spots 

Campiglossa Hendek 


doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 84


Genus Acidogona Loew 

Recognition : : The The wing wing pattern pattern of of 

A. A. melaneura, the the sole sole species of of 

Acidogona in in Ontario, is is reticulate, 

similar similar to to the the wing wing pattern pattern of of 

Neotephritis spp., spp., but but the the position of of 

the the dorsocentral setae setae distinguishes 

it it from from that that genus. genus. Other Other useful useful 

diagnostic characters for for A. A. 

melanura include: the the first first 

flagellomere of of the the female female is is large large 

and and distinctly pointed, the the thoracic 

setae setae are are usually usually inserted on on dark dark 

spots, spots, and and the the abdomen is is usually usually 

yellow yellow with with large large dark dark brown brown spots spots or or 

markings. 

1 species likely likely to to occur occur in in Ontario: 



Continue to Acidogona melaneura page 

Continue to Acidogona melaneura page 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 85


Acidogona melaneura (Loew) 

Discussion: This This species has has not not been been 

recorded from from Ontario, but but one one specimen 

was was collected at at Duncan Lake Lake near near Rupert, Rupert, 

Quebec. 

Hosts: Hieracium megacephalon Nash Nash (= (= 

argyraeum), H. H. gronovii L., L., H. H. scabrum 

Michx., Michx., and and H. H. sp. sp. (Benjamin 1934, 1934, 

Wasbauer 1972). 1972). 

Flight Period: Late Late July July --Early Early August August 

DNA Barcode Available: No No 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 86


Genus Campiglossa Hendel 

Recognition : : Small Small to to mediumsized,sized, 

usually usually black-bodied, with with a 

dense dense grey grey or or tan tan tomentum and and 

reticulate brown brown to to grey grey wings. wings. The The 

wings wings of of all all species have have a 

characteristic speckled appearance, 

lack lack definitive stripes stripes or or bands, bands, and and 

have have relatively small small and and rounded 

clear clear spots. spots. The The most most useful useful external 

characters used used as as the the primary primary 

criteria criteria for for recognizing Campiglossa 

are are the the geniculate (elbowed) 

proboscis with with a relatively long long 

labellum, head head shape shape (not (not as as 

elongate as as Dioxyna), chaetotaxy (2 (2 

frontal, frontal, 2 orbital, orbital, and and 2 scutellar 

setae), setae), and and the the abdominal colour colour 

pattern pattern (in (in most most species grey grey with with 

diffuse diffuse paired paired brown brown spots). spots). 

4 species occuring in in Ontario: 


Campiglossa farinata farinata 

Campiglossa genalis genalis 

Campiglossa sabroskyi 


Continue to Campiglossa Species Key 

Continue to Campiglossa Species Key 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 87


Key to the Campiglossa species of Ontario 

Campiglossa albiceps Campiglossa sabroskyi 



1’ 1’ At At least least basal basal half half of of all all femora femora with with black black or or bluish bluish ground ground colour; colour; 

wing wing more more elongate with with hyaline hyaline spots spots often often ovoid ovoid or or subquadrate 

1 Legs Legs yellow yellow to to reddish, femora femora at at most most with with narrow narrow dark dark marks; marks; wing wing 

ovoid ovoid with with most most hyaline hyaline spots spots subcircular 

2 

Campiglossa albiceps (Loew) (Loew) 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 88



Campiglossa genalis 

Campiglossa farinata 


2’ 2’ Scutum either either without without stripes stripes or or with with broad broad brown brown stripes; stripes; total totalbody body 

length length usually usually exceeding 2.5 2.5 mm mm 

2 Scutum with with narrow narrow brown brown stripes stripes on on bluish bluish white white to to yellowish 

background, if if brown brown stripes stripes wholly wholly lacking, body body length length less less than than 2.5 2.5 mm mm 

3 

Campiglossa farinata farinata Novak Novak 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 89



Campiglossa genalis Campiglossa sabroskyi 

Campiglossa genalis Campiglossa sabroskyi 

3’ 3’ Scutellum grayish grayish tomentose; the the 1st 1st of of the the 3 spots spots distad distad of of the the 

pterostigma of of the the male male somewhat isolated from from the the 2nd 2nd and and with with the the 

terminal point point directed posterolaterally 

3 Scutellum all all brown, brown, or or brown brown with with amber amber apex; apex; wing wing with with 3 large large 

clear clear spots spots distad distad of of pterostigma broad broad and and close close together in in both both sexes sexes 

Campiglossa sabroskyi Novak Novak 

Campiglossa genalis genalis (Thomson) 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 90


Campiglossa albiceps (Loew) 

Discussion: Easily Easily distinguished from from all all 

other other species in in Campiglossa by by its its entirely entirely 

reddish reddish yellow yellow legs, legs, Campiglossa albiceps 

is is one one of of the the most most common fruit fruit flies flies in in 

Ontario. 

Hosts: Aster Aster laevis laevisL., L., A. A. novae-angliae 

L., L., A. A. pilosus pilosusWilld., Willd., A. A. praealtus Poir., Poir., A. A. 

puniceus L., L., and and A. A. umbellatus Mill. Mill. 

(Wasbauer 1972, 1972, Novak Novak 1974). 1974). The The larvae larvae 

feed feed in in the the flowerheads. 

Flight Period: Early Early June June to to early early 

September 

DNA Barcode Available: Yes Yes 

(Genbank (Genbank EU484468, EU484468, EU484467, EU484467, EU484466) EU484466) 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 91


Campiglossa farinata (Novak) 

Discussion: Campiglossa farinata has has 

been been found found farther farther north north than than most most other other 

species in in this this genus. genus. 

Hosts: Novak Novak (1974) (1974) listed listed Leymus 

condensatus (J. (J. Presl) Presl) A. A. Löve Löve (= (= Elymus Elymus 

condensatus)(Poaceae) as as a host, host, but but 

Foote Foote et et al. al. (1993) (1993) considered that that record record 

doubtful (no (no other other Tephritinae are are known known to to 

breed breed in in grasses). 

Flight Period: Early Early June June to to late late July July 

DNA Barcode Available: No No 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 92


Campiglossa genalis (Thomson) 

Discussion: Campiglossa genalis genaliscan can 

be be differentiated from from the the similar similar C. C. 

sabroskyi by by scutellum colour; colour; C. C. sabroskyi 

having having a greyish greyish tomentose scutellum, and and 

C. C. genalis genalishaving having a brown brown or or brown brown and and 

amber amber scutellum. Also, Also, markings on on the the 

wing wing of of C. C. sabroskyi are are darker darker than than those those 

of of C. C. genalis. 

Hosts: Reported host host plants plants include include 42 42 

species of of Asteraceae (Goeden and and Blanc Blanc 

1986, 1986, Goeden 1994) 1994) including 14 14 species 

of of Senecio L., L., 3 species of of Aster AsterL., L., 3 

species of of Crepis CrepisL., L., 3 species of of 

Ericameria Nutt., Nutt., and and 3 species of of 

Eriophyllum Lag., Lag., as as well well as as various various other other 

genera. 

Flight Period: Early Early June June to to mid-July 

Barcode Available: No No 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 93


Campiglossa sabroskyi Novak 

Discussion: Distinguished from from C. C. 

genalis genalisby by scutellum colour; colour; C. C. sabroskyi 

having having a greyish greyish tomentose scutellum, and and 

C. C. genalis genalishaving having a brown brown or or brown brown and and 

amber amber scutellum. Campiglossa sabroskyi 

was was previously recorded as as occurring as as far far 

east east as as central central Manitoba, but but we we now now 

record record it it from from Ontario Ontario on on the the basis basis of of 3 

specimens from from Moose Moose Factory. 

Host: Host: Hieracium albiflorum Hook., Hook., 

Stephanomeria pauciflora (Nuttall) Nelson, 

and and S. S. virgata virgataBenth. Benth. have have been been recorded 

as as hosts hosts of of Campiglossa sabroskyi 

(Goeden and and Blanc Blanc 1986, 1986, Goeden 1994). 1994). 


Barcode Available: Yes Yes 

(GenBank EU484469) 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 94


Genus Chetostoma Rondani 

Recognition : : Medium-sized 

yellowish to to brown brown flies flies without without black black 

body body or or leg leg markings except except 

sometimes on on abdominal tergites. 

Wings Wings with with four four narrow narrow bands bands on on a 

clear clear field; field; all all bristles bristles well well developed, 

black; black; three three frontal frontal bristles. Two Two 

orbital orbital bristles, the the posterior pair pair 

reclinate. Dorsocentral bristles bristles 

(single (single pair) pair) situated slightly slightly ahead ahead of of 

transverse line line through the the 

postsutural supra-alar bristles; 

scutellum flat; flat; gena gena with with 6-12 6-12 wellwelldeveloped black black setae setae at at the the anterior 

oral oral margin, margin, the the longest longest one-half or or 

more more as as long long as as the the genal genal bristle bristle 

behind behind them. them. Chetostoma resembles 

Euphranta in in wing wing pattern, but but in in that that 

genus genus the the presutural supra-alar 

bristle bristle is is absent, absent, the the antenna is is 

longer, longer, the the wing wing bands bands are are wider, wider, 

and and the the black black genal genal setulae setulae anterior 

to to the the genal genal bristle bristle are are absent. absent. The The 

aculeus tip tip is is flattened in in the the sagittal sagittal 

plane, plane, differing from from other other 

Tephritidae known known from from Ontario Ontario 

except except Paramyiolia. 


1 species found found in in Ontario: 


Continue to Chetostoma californicum page 

Continue to Chetostoma californicum page 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 95


Chetostoma californicum Blanc 

Discussion: Easily Easily distinguished from from all all 

other other tephritids in in Ontario, Chetostoma 

californicum is is a mostly mostly western species 

with with a range range extending into into southern 

Ontario. 

Host: Host: The The only only recorded host host of of 

Chetostoma californicum is is from from Arizona, 

Lonicera albiflora Torr. Torr. & Gray Gray (Goeden 

1986, 1986, as as reported by by Foote Foote et et al., al., 1993). 1993). 

The The larvae larvae feed feed in in the the fruit. fruit. 

Flight Period: Mid-May to to early early 

November 


doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 96


Genus Dioxyna Frey 

Recognition : : In In Ontario, Dioxyna 

is is represented by by only only one one species, 

Dioxyna picciola picciola (Bigot), (Bigot), a relatively 

small small fly fly about about 3mm 3mm long. long. This This genus genus 

is is very very similar similar to to Campiglossa but but 

can can be be distinguished from from it it by by the the 

longer longer head, head, which which is is longer longer than than 

high. high. Other Other useful useful diagnostic 

characters include: proboscis long, long, 

geniculate; wing wing reticulate; 

chaetotaxy (2 (2 frontal, frontal, 2 orbital, orbital, and and 

1-2 1-2 scutellar setae, setae, the the apical apical pair pair 

small small or or absent), and and the the abdominal 

color color pattern pattern (gray (gray with with diffuse diffuse paired paired 

brown brown spots). spots). 

1 species is is known known from from Ontario: 

Dioxyna picciola picciola 


Continue to Dioxyna picciola page 

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doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 97


Dioxyna picciola (Bigot) 

Discussion: Dioxyna picciola picciolaresembles resembles 

species of of Campiglossa, from from which which it it can can 

be be distinguished most most readily readily by by the the shape shape 

of of its its head, head, which which is is distinctly longer longer than than 

high. high. 

Host: Host: Reported host host plants plants include include 23 23 

species of of Asteraceae (Benjamin 1934, 1934, 

Wasbauer 1972, 1972, Goeden & Blanc Blanc 1986) 1986) 

including 10 10 species of of Bidens BidensL. L. and and 8 

species of of Coreopsis L., L., as as well well as as Aster Aster 

simmondsii Small, Small, Balduina angustifolia 

(Pursh) (Pursh) B.L. B.L. Robins, Cosmos bipinnatus 

Cav., Cav., Cosmos sp., sp., Helenium flexuosum 

Raf. Raf. (= (= nudiflorum), and and Tagetes erecta erectaL. L. 

Flight Period: Mid-June to to early early 

September 


(GenBank EU484474, EU484473, 

EU484472, EU484471, EU484470) 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 98


Genus Euaresta Loew 

Recognition : : Euaresta is is one one of of 

four four Ontario Ontario genera genera made made up up of of 

generally small small flies flies with with a dark dark wing wing 

filled filled with with discrete, fairly fairly large, large, 

rounded clear clear spots. spots. These These genera genera 

(Euaresta, Tephritis, Campiglossa 

and andDioxyna) Dioxyna) also also share share a flat flat 

scutellum, two two pairs pairs of of frontal frontal 

bristles, two two pairs pairs of of orbital orbital bristles bristles 

with with the the posterior pair pair yellowish and and 

reclinate, two two pairs pairs of of scutellar 

bristles bristlesand and a single single pair pair of of 

dorsocentral bristles bristlessituated situated very very 

close close behind behind the the transverse suture. suture. 

Euaresta is is separable from from 

Campiglossa and and Dioxyna by by its its 

nongeniculate labellum, and and more more 

radiate radiate wing wing pattern, and and from from 

Tephritis by by its its distinctly enlarged 

male male fore fore femora. Euaresta is is the the 

only only one one of of the the four four genera genera with with 

yellow-bodied species and/or and/or a bulla bulla 

present present in in cell cell r4+5 r4+5of of the the wing. wing. 


3 species of of Euaresta are are present 

in in Ontario: 


Euaresta bella bella 

Euaresta festiva festiva 

Continue to Euaresta species key 

Continue to Euaresta species key 

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Key to the Euaresta species of Ontario 



1’ 1’ Ground Ground colour colour of of thorax thorax yellow yellow 

1 Ground Ground colour colour of of thorax thorax dark dark brown brown to to black, black, often often obscured by by 

whitish whitish or or yellowish tomentum 

2 

Euaresta bella bella (Loew) (Loew) 

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Key to the Euaresta species of Ontario 



2’ 2’ Centre Centre region region of of wing wing with with only only a few few clear clear spots; spots; clear clear spot spot at atapex apex 

of of cell cell r4+5 r4+5 broadly broadly joined joined to to wing wing margin margin 

2 Wing Wing with with many many clear clear spots spots in in centre centre region; region; clear clear spot spot near near apex apex of of 

cell cell r4+5 r4+5separated separated from from wing wing margin margin by by a distinct distinct brown brown band band 

Euaresta festiva festiva (Loew) (Loew) 

Euaresta aequalis (Loew) (Loew) 

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Euaresta aequalis (Loew) 

Host: Host: The The only only known known host host is is cocklebur, 

Xanthium strumarium L. L. (Wasbauer 1972). 1972). 

Flight Period: Mid-July to to mid-August 


(GenBank EU484478, EU484477, 

EU484476, EU484475) 

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Euaresta bella (Loew) 

Discussion: The The only only black black Euaresta 

species found found in in Ontario, Euaresta bella bellais is 

by by far far the the most most frequently collected fruit fruit fly fly 

in in the the province. Ranging across across most most of of the the 

populated regions regions of of Ontario, Euaresta 

bella bellahas has also also been been recorded from from as as far far 

south south as as the the Bahamas, Barbados, and and 

Mexico Mexico (Foote (Foote et et al., al., 1993). 1993). 

Host: Host: Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., L., common 

ragweed, is is the the only only known known host host 

(Wasbauer, 1972). 1972). 

Flight Period: Mid-May to to early early 

September 


(GenBank EU484487, EU484486, 

EU484485, EU484484, EU484483, 

EU484482, EU484481, EU484480, 

EU484479) 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 103


Euaresta festiva (Loew) 

Host: Host: Wasbauer (1972) (1972) lists lists Ambrosia 

trifida trifidaL., L., giant giant ragweed, as as the the only only host. host. 

Flight Period: Late Late July July to to early early 

September 


(GenBank EU484489, EU484488) 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 104


Genus Euarestoides Benjamin 

Recognition : : Small, Small, dark dark flies flies with with 

a flat flat scutellum, three three pairs pairs of of frontal frontal 

bristles, two two pairs pairs of of orbital orbital bristles bristles 

with with the the posterior pair pair reclinate, two two 

pairs pairs of of scutellar bristles bristlesand and one one 

pair pair of of dorsocentral bristles bristlessituated situated 

close close behind behind the the transverse suture. suture. 

The The wing wing has has a dark dark brown brown stellate stellate 

mark mark on on the the apical apical half, half, an an extensive 

brown brown to to yellow-brown reticulate 

pattern pattern on on the the basal basal half, half, and and an an 

apical apical clear clear spot spot at at least least as as long long as as 

wide wide in in cell cell r4+5. r4+5. The The wing wing of of 

Euarestoides resembles the the wings wings of of 

most most species of of Trupanea, but but the the 

basal basal half half of of the the Euarestoides wing wing is is 

almost almost completely filled filled with with a 

reticulate pattern. Euarestoides is is 

further further distinguished from from Trupanea 

by by the the presence of of two two pairs pairs of of 

scutellar bristles. 

2 Euarestoides species likely likely occur occur 





Continue to Euarestoides species key 

Continue to Euarestoides species key 

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Key to the Euarestoides species of Ontario 





1’ 1’ Wing Wing pattern pattern almost almost uniformly brown, brown, slightly slightly fainter fainter on on proximal 

half; half; dark dark patch patch on on wing wing with with a clear clear spot spot near near middle middle of of anterior margin; margin; 

oviscape entirely entirely yellow, yellow, brown, brown, or or black, black, not not bicoloured 

1 Proximal half half of of wing wing pattern pattern distinctly paler paler yellow yellow brown brown in in contrast 

to to the the dark dark brown brown distal distal half, half, the the line line of of demarcation abrupt; abrupt; dark dark patch patch on on 

wing wing with with a clear clear spot spot well well beyond beyond middle middle of of apical apical margin; margin; female female 

oviscape yellow yellow with with blackened base base and and apex apex 

Euarestoides abstersus (Loew) (Loew) 

Euarestoides acutangulus (Thomson) 

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Euarestoides abstersus (Loew) 

Discussion: Although not not yet yet recorded 

from from Ontario, this this species is is known known from from 

central central Michigan and and from from the the eastern eastern 

seaboard of of New New Jersey, Jersey, New New York, York, and and 

Maryland (not (not mapped, Foote Foote et et al., al., 1993), 1993), 

so so it it likely likely occurs occurs in in southern Ontario. 

Euarestoides abstersus is is less less frequently 

collected than than the the similar similarE. E. acutangulus. 

These These two two species are are easily easily distinguished 

by by oviscape colour, colour, wing wing colour colour and and the the 

location of of the the hyaline hyaline spot spot within within the the 

subapical brown brown mark mark (see (see key). key). 

Host: Host: Carphephorus paniculatus (J.F. (J.F. 

Gmel.) Gmel.) Herbert Herbert is is the the only only well well documented 

host host plant plant (Benjamin 1934, 1934, as as Trilisa Trilisa 

paniculata). The The larvae larvae feed feed in in the the 

flowerheads. 

Flight Period: Specimens from from the the 

eastern eastern seaboard of of U.S.A. U.S.A. were were collected 

in in early early September; the the specimen collected 

from from Michigan was was collected in in mid-May. 


doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 107


Euarestoides acutangulus (Thomson) 

Discussion: Although it it probably occurs occurs 

in in the the province, Euarestoides acutangulus 

has has yet yet to to be be recorded from from Ontario, 

despite despite being being the the most most commonly collected 

Euarestoides species in in North North America 

(Foote (Foote et et al., al., 1993). 1993). 

Hosts: Reported host host plants plants for for 

Euarestoides acutangulus include include 10 10 

species of of Ambrosia L., L., and and 11 11 other other 

species of of Asteraceae (Wasbauer 1972, 1972, 

Foote Foote et et al. al. 1993). 1993). 

Flight Period: Mid-June to to mid-July 


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Genus Euleia Walker 

Recognition : : The The single single species 

of of Euleia Euleiafound found in in Ontario Ontario 

superficially resembles Strauzia, 

Euphranta, Trypeta, and and some some 

Rhagoletis species. Euleia Euleiais is 

distinguishable from from Strauzia by by the the 

presence of of two two pairs pairs of of orbital orbital 

bristles; from from Euphranta by by the the 

presence of of presutural supra-alar 

bristles, two two pairs pairs of of orbital orbital bristles, 

and and the the relatively short short antennae; 

from from Trypeta by by the the presence of of a 

distinct distinct rounded spot spot in in the the distal distal half half 

of of cell cell dm dm and and the the more more distal distal 

position of of vein vein r-m r-m along along cell cell dm; dm; 

and and from from Rhagoletis by by the the apically 

rounded first first flagellomere. 

Specimens of of Euleia Euleiaand and Trypeta 

frequently have have tiny tiny dark dark spots spots on on 

the the integument, especially on on the the 

posterior half half of of the the scutum scutum and and on on 

the the scutellum. 

There There is is 1 Euleia Euleiaspecies species known known 

from from Ontario: 

Euleia Euleia fratria fratria 


Continue to Euleia fratria page 

Continue to Euleia fratria page 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 109


Euleia fratria (Loew) 

Discussion: Also Also known known as as the the Parsnip 

Leaf Leaf Miner, Miner, Euleia Euleia fratria fratriahas has been been known known 

to to infest infest parsnip parsnip in in the the United United States, States, but but it it 

appears to to be be a minor minor pest pest with with only only 

occasional records of of damage (Foote (Foote et et al., al., 

1993). 1993). 

Hosts: Besides parsnip parsnip (Pastinaca sativa sativa 

L.), L.), Euleia Euleia fratria fratriahas has also also been been recorded 

from from Angelica atropurpurea L., L., Apium Apium 

graveolens L., L., Conium maculatum L., L., 

Cryptotaenia canadensis (L.) (L.) DC., DC., 

Heracleum lanatum Michx., Michx., Heraclum sp. sp. 

Oenanthe sarmentosa Presl., Presl., and and 

Prenanthes canadense (Wasbauer, 1972). 1972). 

Flight Period: Late Late May May to to mid-July 


(GenBank EU484491, EU484490) 

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Genus Euphranta Loew 

Recognition : : Medium-sized flies flies 

with with a largely largely unmarked light light yellow yellow 

body, body, banded banded wings, wings, and and black black 

setae. setae. In In older older specimens, the the 

abdominal tergites tergites may may be be darkened 

but but normally lack lack patterns. Presutural 

supra-alar bristles bristles are are absent, absent, the the 

dorsocentral bristles bristles are are closer closer to to a 

line line through the the postsutural suprasupraalaralar bristles bristles than than through the the 

acrostichal bristles, the the posterior 

orbital orbital bristles bristles are are absent, absent, the the 

scutellum is is flat flat and and the the apex apex of of the the 

first first flagellomere nearly nearly attains attains the the 

oral oral margin. The The wing wing pattern pattern of of 

Euphranta somewhat resembles that that 

of of several several species of of Rhagoletis in in 

exhibiting the the four four Rhagoletis-like 

bands, bands, but but it it differs differs from from those those 

species and and all all other other Ontario Ontario genera genera 

in in that that the the discal discal band band terminates in in 

the the anterior wing wing margin margin distinctly 

distad distad of of the the pterostigma, and and the the 

subapical band band terminates at at or or just just 

anterior to to vein vein R4+5. R4+5. 


1 species of of Euphranta is is found found in in 

Ontario: 


Continue to Euphranta canadensis page 

Continue to Euphranta canadensis page 

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Euphranta canadensis (Loew) 

Discussion: Also Also known known as as the the Currant Currant 

Fly, Fly, Currant Fruit Fruit Fly, Fly, Yellow Yellow Currant Currant Fly, Fly, or or 

the the mouche du du groseillier, Euphranta 

canadensis is is a pest pest of of many many species of of 

currants, including the the commonly cultivated 

blackcurrant (Ribes (Ribes nigrum) and and redcurrant 

(Ribes (Ribes rubrum) (Wasbauer, 1972). 1972). 

Hosts: Wasbauer (1972) (1972) lists lists seven seven 

Ribes Ribessp. sp. that that are are used used by by E. E. canadensis: 

Ribes Ribes alpinum L., L., R. R. aureum Pursh, Pursh, R. R. 

nigrum nigrumL., L., R. R. oxycanthoides L., L., R. R. rubrum rubrum 

L., L., R. R. triste tristePallas, Pallas, and and R. R. sp. sp. 

Flight Period: Late Late May May to to late late June June 


(Genbank EU484493, EU484492) 

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Genus Eurosta Loew 

Recognition : : Members of of 

Eurosta are are characteristically dark, dark, 

stout-bodied flies flies of of medium size. size. 

The The wing wing is is quite quite dark dark with with light light or or 

clear clear spots spots that that sometimes coalesce 

to to form form larger larger light light areas. areas. The The frons frons 

is is setulose and and very very broad, broad, there there are are 

one one or or two two pairs pairs of of orbital orbital bristles, 

two two to to four four pairs pairs of of frontal frontal bristles, all all 

the the postocular bristles bristles are are whitish, whitish, 

and and the the first first flagellomere is is very very 

short. short. The The dorsocentral bristles bristles are are 

closer closer to to the the postsutural supra-alar 

bristles bristles than than to to the the transverse suture, suture, 

and and the the apical apical scutellar bristles bristles are are 

usually usually absent absent or, or, if if present, much much 

shorter shorter than than the the basal basal pair. pair. 

5 species of of Eurosta occur occur or or are are 

likely likely to to occur occur in in Ontario: 

Eurosta comma comma 

Eurosta cribrata 

Eurosta fenestrata 


Eurosta solidaginis solidaginis 


Continue to Eurosta species key 

Continue to Eurosta species key 

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Key to the Eurosta species of Ontario 





1’ 1’ Scutum with with unicolourous golden golden to to whitish whitish setulae; wing wing apex apex with with 

an an uninterrupted crescent-shaped clear clear area area or or with with small small more more or or less less 

coalesced spots spots 

1 Scutum with with patches of of darker darker brown brown to to black black setulae setulae among among the the 

light-coloured setulae; wing wing apex apex with with large, large, distinct distinct clear clear spots spots separated 

by by dark dark markings 

3 

2 

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2’ 2’ Two Two pairs pairs of of scutellar bristles; wing wing cell cell bc bc entirely entirely infuscated or or with with 

small small basal basal transparent spot spot 

2 One One pair pair of of scutellar bristles; wing wing cell cell bc bcalmost almost completely clear clear 

Eurosta cribata cribata (Wulp) (Wulp) 

Eurosta latifrons (Loew) (Loew) 

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Eurosta fenstrata 


Eurosta comma 

3’ 3’ Apex Apex of of wing wing with with narrow, narrow, crescent-shaped transparent mark; mark; if if 

transparent area area broken broken into into several several small small spots spots by by darkening at atmiddle middle 

of of cell cell r4+5 r4+5or or at at apices apices of of veins veins R4+5 R4+5or or M the the spots spots are are extremely small small 

and/or and/or wider wider than than long long and and broadly broadly touching wing wing margin margin 

3 Apex Apex of of wing wing with with large, large, semicircular reticulate clear clear area area or or with with 

several several large, large, rounded clear clear spots spots often often narrowly touching, or or isolated 

from, from, wing wing margin margin 

4 

Eurosta solidaginis solidaginis (Fitch) (Fitch) 

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Eurosta fenstrata 

Eurosta comma 

4’ 4’ Cell Cell c completely shaded; clear clear area area around around apex apex of of vein vein A1+CuA2 

composed of of many many small small clear clear spots, spots, margins of of clear clear spots spots not not distinctly 

separated 

4 Cell Cell c with with multiple large large hyaline hyaline spots; spots; apex apex of of vein vein A1+CuA2 with with a 

single single large large distinct distinct clear clear spot; spot; clear clear spot spot longer longer than than wide, wide, usually usually devoid devoid 

of of any any dark dark markings, margins sharply sharply defined defined 

Eurosta comma comma (Wiedemann) 

Eurosta fenestrata Snow Snow 

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Eurosta comma (Wiedemann) 

Discussion: Recorded recently from from 

Ontario Ontario by by Paiero Paiero et et al. al. (2010), (2010), Eurosta 

comma commaclosely closely resembles E. E. fenestrata. 

The The size size and and shape shape of of the the clear clear mark mark at at the the 

apex apex of of vein vein A1+CuA2 is is the the best best character 

to to distinguish these these two two species, with with E. E. 

comma commahaving having a small small uninterrupted clear clear 

area area compared to to E. E. fenestrata’s tall, tall, clear clear 

marking. 

Hosts: Solidago juncea junceaAit. Ait. and and S. S. rugosa rugosa 

P. P. Mill. Mill. are are host host plants plants of of E. E. comma comma 

(Wasbauer 1972). 1972). The The larvae larvae feed feed in in 

rhizome galls. galls. 

Flight Period: Late Late August August to to late late 

September 


(GenBank EU484496, EU484495, 

EU484494) 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 118


Eurosta cribrata (Wulp) 

Discussion: Eurosta cribrata is is not not yet yet 

recorded from from Ontario, but but it it is is known known from from 

Michigan, Ohio, Ohio, New New York, York, and and Manitoba. 

Eurosta cribrata and and E. E. latifrons have have 

similar similar wing wing patterns, but but E. E. cribrata cribrata differs differs 

from from E. E. latifrons and and all all other other Eurosta 

species in in Ontario Ontario in in having having only only two two pairs pairs 

of of scutellar bristles. 

Hosts: Solidago sempervirens L. L. in in 

Florida Florida and and Ohio Ohio and and S. S. juncea junceaAit. Ait. in in 

Massachusetts and and Ohio Ohio have have been been 

recorded as as hosts hosts for for Eurosta cribrata cribrata 

(Benjamin 1934, 1934, Novak Novak and and Foote Foote 1980). 1980). 

The The larvae larvae feed feed in in root root or or root root crown crown galls. galls. 

Flight Period: Early Early June June to to early early July July 


doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 119


Eurosta fenestrata Snow 

Discussion: Eurosta fenestrata is is here here 

recorded for for the the first first time time from from Ontario Ontario on on 

the the basis basis of of 8 specimens from from the the Ottawa Ottawa 

region. region. As As mentioned in in the the discussion of of 

Eurosta comma, E. E. fenestrata closely closely 

resembles E. E. comma. The The clear clear region region at at 

the the apex apex of of vein vein A1+CuA2 in in E. E. fenestrata 

is is taller taller and and devoid devoid of of dark dark markings 

throughout, as as opposed to to E. E. comma commawhere where 

the the clear clear area area is is short short and and wide wide and and often often 

broken broken up up with with dark dark markings. 

Hosts: Unknown, although Ming Ming (1989) (1989) 

suggests that that Solidago L. L. is is the the most most likely likely 

host host as as it it is is the the host host for for the the closely closely related related 

species Eurosta comma commaand and E. E. floridensis, 

and and Solidago spp. spp. are are the the host host records records for for 

all all Eurosta spp. spp. in in which which the the host host is is well well 

known. known. 

Flight Period: Late Late July July to to early early August August 


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Eurosta latifrons (Loew) 

Discussion: Eurosta latifrons has has been been 

recorded from from southeastern Michigan and and 

northwestern Vermont (Foote (Foote et et al., al., 1993), 1993), 

making making it it another likely likely southwestern 

Ontario Ontario resident. 

Host: Host: Unknown 



doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 121


Eurosta solidaginis solidaginis (Fitch) 

Discussion: The The distinctive ball-shaped 

goldenrod stem stem galls galls induced by by this this 

common fly fly are are familiar familiar to to most most residents of of 

southern Ontario. Probably the the easiest easiest 

species of of Eurosta to to recognize in in Ontario, 

Eurosta solidaginis solidaginis is is 

characterized by by 3 or or 4 large large clear clear areas areas in in 

the the wing. wing. There There are are two two subspecies known known 

from from North North America, but but it it appears that that only only 

Eurosta solidaginis solidaginis is is found found in in 

Ontario. 

Hosts: The The only only reliably reliably documented host host 

plants plants are are Solidago canadensis L. L. var. var. 

hargeri hargeri Fern., Fern., var. var. salebrosa (Piper) (Piper) M.E. M.E. 

Jones, Jones, and and var. var. scabra scabra Torr. Torr. & Gray Gray (= (= S. S. 

altissima) and andS. S. gigantea Ait. Ait. (= (= S. S. 

serotina) (Abrahamson & Weis Weis 1997). 1997). The The 

larvae larvae feed feed in in stem stem galls. galls. 

Flight Period: Early Early May May to to late late August August 


(GenBank EU484503, EU484502, 

EU484501, EU484500, EU484499, 

EU484498, EU484497) 

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Genus Eutreta Loew 

Recognition : : These These dark-winged 

flies flies range range in in size size from from about about 3 mm mm 

to to over over 8 mm. mm. Most Most species are are 

quickly quickly recognized as as Eutreta Eutretaby by 

their their dark dark brown brown to to black black wings, wings, in in 

which which the the dark dark colour colour extends 

completely to to the the wing wing base, base, and and 

which which have have a spattering of of small, small, 

white white or or silvery silvery round round spots spots and and an an 

apical apical white white crescent. Other Other 

distinctive characters include include three three 

pairs pairs of of frontal frontal bristles, two two pairs pairs of of 

orbital orbital bristles bristles with with the the posterior pair pair 

reclinate and and white white or or yellowish, two two 

pairs pairs of of scutellar bristles, one one pair pair of of 

dorsocentral bristles bristles which which are are 

situated closer closer to to the the transverse 

suture suture than than to to the the level level of of the the 

postsutural supra-alar bristles, and and a 

scutellum that that is is never never swollen or or 

polished. The The wing wing vein vein R4+5 R4+5 is is bare bare 

or or with with only only a few few setae setae dorsally, and and 

the the apex apex of of cell cell cup cup is is elongated at at 

its its lower lower corner. corner. The The femora femora are are 

usually usually concolourous with with the the thorax; thorax; 

the the tibiae tibiae and and tarsi tarsi are are commonly 

lighter lighter but but in in some some species are are 

concolourous with with the the thorax. thorax. 


3 species occur occur in in Ontario: 

Eutreta Eutreta caliptera 

Eutreta Eutreta fenestra 

Eutreta Eutreta novaeboracensis 

Continue to Eutreta species key 

Continue to Eutreta species key 

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Key to the Eutreta species of Ontario 


Eutreta frontalis 

Eutreta caliptera 

1’ 1’ All All clear clear spots spots of of wing wing clearly clearly separated, not not forming forming a single single light light 

area area near near base base of of wing; wing; host host never never Aster Astersp. sp. 

1 Base Base of of wing wing with with some some clear clear spots spots coalesced, especially in in anal anal 

lobe lobeand and cell cell cua1; cua1; host host Aster Astersp. sp. 

2 

Eutreta Eutreta frontalis Curran Curran 

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Key to the Eutreta species of Ontario 

Eutreta caliptera Eutreta novaeboracensis 


Eutreta caliptera 

2’ 2’ Body Body often often slightly slightly reddish reddish to to yellow yellow brown; brown; clear clear spot spot on on costa costaat at 

pterostigma broader, usually usually extending as as a small small wedge wedge into into cell cell r1; r1; host host 

Solidago sp. sp. 

2 Body Body dark dark brown brown to to grayish grayish brown; brown; clear clear spot spot on on costa costaat at 

pterostigma narrow, narrow, not not extending into into cell cell r1; r1; host host various, never never 

Solidago sp. sp. 

Eutreta Eutreta novaeboracensis (Fitch) (Fitch) 

Eutreta Eutreta caliptera (Say) (Say) 

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Eutreta caliptera (Say) 

Discussion: Although similar similar to to Eutreta Eutreta 

novaeboracensis, E. E. caliptera is is smaller, 

with with a body body length length of of between 4 mm mm and and 

6.5 6.5 mm, mm, compared to to E. E. novaeboracensis 

which which is is longer longer than than 6.5 6.5 mm mm (Foote (Foote et et al., al., 

1993). 1993). Otherwise, the the size size of of the the clear clear spot spot 

on on the the costa costaat at the the apex apex of of the the pterostigma 

is is also also useful useful for for distinguishing between 

these these two two species. 

Hosts: Eutreta Eutreta caliptera has has been been found found 

to to cause cause stem stem galls galls on on Ambrosia sp., sp., 

Bidens Bidens frondosa L., L., Chrysanthemum sp., sp., 

Erichtites hieraciafolia (L.) (L.) Raf., Raf., Helianthus 

annuus annuus L., L., H. H. giganteus L., L., H. H. tuberosus L., L., 

and and Vernonia baldwinii Torr. Torr. ssp. ssp. interior interior 

(Small) (Small) Faust, Faust, V. V. gigantea (Walter) Trel. Trel. ex ex 

Branner & Coville, Coville, and andV. V. novaeboracensis 

L. L. (Stoltzfus 1977, 1977, Sutton Sutton et et al. al. 2003). 2003). 

Flight Period: Mid-June to to late late August August 


doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 126


Eutreta frontalis Curran 

Discussion: Eutreta Eutreta frontalis can can be be 

easily easily distinguished from from other other Ontario Ontario 

Eutreta Eutretaspecies species by by the the coalesced clear clear 

spots spots in in the the anal anal lobe lobeand and cell cell cup cupof of the the 

wing. wing. 

Hosts: Eutreta Eutreta frontalis forms forms crown crown galls galls 

on on Aster Aster simplex Willd. Willd. and and A. A. laevis laevisL. L. 

(Stoltzfus, 1977). 1977). 

Flight Period: Late Late May May to to late late 

September 



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Eutreta novaeboracensis (Fitch) 

Discussion: Eutreta Eutreta novaeboracensis is is 

the the largest largest Eutreta Eutretaspecies species in in Ontario, as as 

well well as as the the most most common. It It can can usually usually be be 

differentiated from from the the similar similar E. E. caliptera 

by by its its body body length length (more (more than than 6.5 6.5 mm; mm; E. E. 

caliptera is is between 4 and and 6.5 6.5 mm) mm) and and its its 

reddish-brown colour. colour. 

Hosts: Eutreta Eutreta novaeboracensis larvae larvae 

feed feed in in rhizome galls galls on on Solidago 

canadensis L. L. (= (= altissima). Solidago 

rugosa rugosa P. P. Mill. Mill. is is also also a reported host host for for 

this thisspecies species (Stoltzfus, 1977). 1977). 

Flight Period: Mid-May to to mid- mid- 

September 


(GenBank EU484508, EU484507, 

EU484506, EU484505) 

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Genus Icterica Loew 

Recognition : : The The two two Icterica Icterica 

species are are modest-sized flies flies with with 

largely largely unmarked yellow-brown 

bodies bodies and and legs. legs. They They have have two two to to 

four four pairs pairs of of frontal frontal bristles, two two pairs pairs 

of of reclinate orbital orbital bristles, and and a 

frons frons covered with with fine fine setae. setae. The The 

single single pair pair of of dorsocentral bristles bristles 

are are on on a transverse line line through the the 

postsutural supra-alar bristles, the the 

scutellum is is flat flat and and never never polished, 

and and there there are are two two pairs pairs of of scutellar 

bristles. Wing Wing vein vein r-m r-m is is distinctly 

distad distad of of the the midpoint of of the the cell cell dm, dm, 

the the border border of of the the wing wing is is distinctly 

brown brown with with clear clear spots, spots, and and the the disk disk 

has has a central central area area of of massively fused fused 

yellowish spots spots making making that that area area 

appear appear as as if if covered by by irregularlyshapedshaped 

dark dark brown brown spots spots against against a 

yellowish background. This This wing wing 

pattern pattern is is unique unique amongst Ontario Ontario 

Tephritidae. 

2 species occur occur in in Ontario: 

Icterica Icterica circinata 

Icterica Icterica seriata seriata 


Continue to Icterica species key 

Continue to Icterica species key 

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Key to the species of Icterica found in Ontario 


Icterica circinata 

1’ 1’ Nonmarginal part part of of wing wing with with dotlike dotlike dark dark brown brown spots spots on on yellow yellow 

background; pterostigma darkened along along almost almost its its entire entire posterior 

border border 

1 Nonmarginal part part of of wing wing with with circular circular brown brown marks marks on on yellowish to to 

hyaline hyaline background; base base and and apex apex of of pterostigma yellow, yellow, centre centre with with a 

dark dark spot spot 

Icterica Icterica seriata seriata (Loew) (Loew) 

Icterica Icterica circinata (Loew) (Loew) 

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Icterica circinata (Loew) 

Discussion: The The wing wing characters given given 

in in the the key key should should be be sufficient to to distinguish 

between this this species and and Icterica Icterica seriata. seriata. I. I. 

circinata appears to to be be less less commonly 

collected than than I. I. seriata. seriata. 

Host: Host: Wasbauer (1972) (1972) lists lists Bidens Bidens 

cernua cernuaL. L. as as the the only only host. host. The The larvae larvae feed feed 

in in the the flowerheads. 

Flight Period: Mid-July to to early early 

September 



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Icterica seriata (Loew) 

Discussion: Icterica Icterica seriata seriataappears appears to to 

be be more more frequently collected than than I. I. 

circinata in in Ontario. 

Host: Host: Bidens Bidens aristosa (Michx.) Britton, Britton, B. B. 

coronata (L.) (L.) Britton, Britton, B. B. frondosa L. L. and and B. B. 

tripartita L. L. are are all all listed listed as as hosts hosts by by 

Wasbauer (1972). (1972). The The larvae larvae feed feed in in the the 

flowerheads. 

Flight Period: Late Late July July to to early early 

September 


(GenBank EU484511, EU484510) 

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Genus Jamesomyia Quisenberry 

Recognition : : The The basal basal one-fifth 

of of the the wing wing in in this this monotypic genus genus 

is is clear, clear, the the remainder dark dark and and 

peppered with with indistinctly bordered 

clear clear spots spots somewhat reminiscent of of 

Eurosta and and Eutreta. The The setae setae 

found found on on the the head head are are lightlylightlycoloured, and and a parafacial spot spot is is 

present. The The dorsocentral bristles bristles 

are are situated almost almost exactly exactly in in a line line 

between the the postsutural supra-alar 

bristles, and and arise arise from from small small dark dark 

spots spots that that contrast markedly with with the the 

lighter, lighter, brownish thoracic tomentum. 

One One species occurs occurs in in Ontario: 



Continue to Jamesomyia geminata page 

Continue to Jamesomyia geminata page 

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Jamesomyia geminata (Loew) 

Discussion: First First recorded from from Ontario Ontario 

by by Paiero Paiero & Marshall (2001) (2001) on on the the Bruce Bruce 

Peninsula, this this is is a distinctive species that that is is 

easily easily recognized but but rarely rarely collected. 

Host: Host: The The only only recorded host host is is Lactuca 

canadensis (Wasbauer, 1972). 1972). The The larvae larvae 


Flight Period: July July 


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Genus Neaspilota Osten Sacken 

Recognition : : Flies Flies of of the the genus genus 

Neaspilota are are small small and and yellowish 

with with convergent posterior orbital orbital 

bristles. The The dorsocentral bristles bristles are are 

found found approximately in in line line with with the the 

postsutural supra-alar bristles, the the 

scutum scutum is is often often heavily heavily tomentose, 

and and there there is is a dark dark lyre-shaped 

pattern pattern on on the the otherwise yellow yellow 

scutum. In In these these characters, the the 

genus genus most most closely closely resembles the the 

Ontario Ontario species of of Terellia, from from 

which which it it may may be be distinguished by by the the 

generally smaller smaller body body size, size, the the 

usual usual absence of of setae setae on on the the node node 

of of vein vein Rs Rs and and (in (in most most species) the the 

asymmetric fifth fifth tarsomere of of the the 

male male foreleg. In In contrast to to all all 

Ontario Ontario Terellia Terelliaspecies, species, cell cell r4+5 r4+5 is is 

clear clear or or only only very very narrowly clouded 

apically apically in in Neaspilota. 


5 species occur occur or or are are likely likely to to occur occur 


Neaspilota alba alba 


Neaspilota footei footei 



Continue to Neaspilota species key 

Continue to Neaspilota species key 

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Key to the Neaspilota species of Ontario 





1’ 1’ In In profile, profile, frontofacial angle angle rounded, barely barely projecting anterior to to 

eye, eye, making making head head appear appear somewhat oval; oval; frontal frontal vitta vitta with with at at least least 2-4 2-4 

minute minute setulae setulae medially 

1 Frontofacial angle angle distinctly projecting in in profile, profile, making making head headappear appear 

squarish; frontal frontal vitta vitta bare bare 

2 

Neaspilota footei footei Friedberg & Mathis Mathis 

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Neaspilota alba 




2’ 2’ Wing Wing entirely entirely clear clear or or with with only only the the pterostigma darkened 

2 Wing Wing with with dark dark markings in in addition to to pterostigma shading 

4 

3 

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3’ 3’ Wing Wing mostly mostly clear clear but but with with dark dark banding in in apical apical third; third; pterostigma 

mostly mostly clear clear with with small small basal basal dark dark area; area; host host Vernonia spp. spp. 

3 Wing Wing mostly mostly dark dark with with clear clear spots; spots; pterostigma dark dark except except for for basal basal 

posterior corner; corner; host host Coreopsis tripteris tripteris 

Neaspilota vernoniae (Loew) (Loew) 

Neaspilota reticulata Norrbom & Foote Foote 

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4’ 4’ Abdominal setulae setulae mostly mostly whitish, whitish, coarse; coarse; body body predominantly 

yellow; yellow; pterostigma clear clear to to yellowish 

4 Abdominal setulae setulae mostly mostly brown, brown, fine; fine; body body predominantly black; black; 

pterostigma uniformly dark, dark, usually usually brown brown 

Neaspilota alba alba (Loew) (Loew) 

Neaspilota albidipennis (Loew) (Loew) 

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Neaspilota alba (Loew) 

Discussion: Neaspilota alba albahas has not not yet yet 

been been recorded from from Ontario, but but it it likely likely 

occurs occurs in in the the southwestern part part of of the the 

province. 

Hosts: Foote Foote et et al. al. (1993) (1993) list list Vernonia 

baldwinii ssp. ssp. baldwinii Torr., Torr., V. V. baldwinii 

ssp. ssp. interior interior (Small) (Small) Faust Faust (= (= V. V. interior), 

and and V. V. sp. sp. as as hosts hosts for for Neaspilota alba. alba. 

Flight Period: Mid-May to to early early August August 


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Neaspilota albidipennis (Loew) 

Discussion: Neaspilota albidipennis was was 

recently recorded from from Ontario Ontario by by Paiero Paiero et et 

al. al. (2010). (2010). 

Hosts: Friedberg & Mathis Mathis (1986) (1986) list list 

Vernonia baldwinii ssp. ssp. baldwinii Torr., Torr., V. V. 

baldwinii ssp. ssp. interior interior (Small) (Small) Faust Faust (= (= V. V. 

interior), V. V. novaeboracensis (L.) (L.) and and V. V. sp. sp. 

as as hosts hosts for for Neaspilota albidipennis. 

Flight Period: Late Late July July to to early early August August 


(GenBank EU484515, EU484514, 

EU484513, EU484512) 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 141


Neaspilota footei Friedberg & Mathis 

Discussion: Neaspilota footei footeiis is one one of of 

the the most most commonly collected Neaspilota 

species in in southwestern Ontario. 

Hosts: Friedberg & Mathis Mathis (1986) (1986) and and 

Goeden (2001) (2001) reported Aster Aster occidentalis 

(Nuttall) Torr. Torr. & Gray, Gray, Conyza canadensis 

(L.) (L.) Cronquist and and Chrysothamnus sp. sp. as as 

hosts. hosts. 

Flight Period: Mid-May to to mid-August 


doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 142


Neaspilota reticulata Norrbom & Foote 

Discussion: Unique Unique among among Ontario Ontario 

Neaspilota for for its its mostly mostly dark dark wings wings and and for for 

its its association with with hosts hosts in in the the tribe tribe 

Heliantheae (Asteraceae), Neaspilota 

reticulata was was first first reported from from Ontario Ontario by by 

Paiero Paiero et et al. al. (2010) (2010) based based on on specimens 

from from the the Windsor region. region. 

Host: Host: Norrbom & Foote Foote (2000) (2000) and and Sutton Sutton 

et et al. al. (2003) (2003) reported that that Neaspilota 

reticulata was was reared reared from from Coreopsis 

tripteris tripterisL. L. and and C. C. major majorWalt. Walt. The The larvae larvae 


Flight Period: August August 


doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 143


Neaspilota vernoniae (Loew) 


by by Paiero Paiero et et al. al. (2010), (2010), Neaspilota vernonia 

has has patterned wings wings that that make make it it relatively 

easy easy to to identify. Other OtherNeaspilota Neaspilota species 

either either lack lack dark dark markings outside outside of of the the 

pterostigma, or or have have extensively dark dark wings wings 

as as in in N. N. reticulata. 

Hosts: Foote Foote et et al. al. (1993) (1993) list list the the hosts hosts of of 

Neaspilota vernoniae as as Vernonia baldwinii 

Torr. Torr. ssp. ssp. interior interior (Small) (Small) Faust Faustand and V. V. sp. sp. 

Flight Period: July July to to August August 


doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 144


Genus Neotephritis Hendel 

Recognition : : The The only only species of of 

Neotephritis likely likely to to occur occur in in Ontario Ontario 

is is a small small fly fly with with black black bristles bristles and and 

grey grey to to yellowish-gray body body 

tomentum. There There are are three three pairs pairs of of 

frontal frontal bristles, two two pairs pairs of of orbital orbital 

bristles, two two pairs pairs of of scutellar 

bristles, and and the the single single pair pair of of 

dorsocentral bristles bristles is is situated just just 

behind behind the the transverse suture. suture. 

Neotephritis is is easy easy to to distinguish 

from from similar similar Ontario Ontario genera genera with with 

reticulate wings, wings, by by the the lack lack of of an an 

apical apical or or subapical hyaline hyaline spot spot in in 

cell cell r4+5. r4+5. 

1 species is is likely likely to to occur occur in in Ontario: 

Neotephritis finalis finalis 


Continue to Neotephritis finalis page 

Continue to Neotephritis finalis page 

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Neotephritis finalis (Loew) 

Discussion: Although not not yet yet collected 

from from Ontario, Neotephritis finalis finalishas has been been 

collected in in Michigan (not (not mapped here, here, 

Foote Foote et et al. al. 1993) 1993) and and central central Manitoba, 

and and its its range range is is likely likely to to extend extend to to Ontario. 

Hosts: Reported hosts hosts include include 25 25 species 

of of Asteraceae, including 9 species of of 

Helianthus (Goeden et et al. al. 1987). 1987). 

Flight Period: Mid-June to to mid- mid- 

September 


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Genus Paramyiolia Shiraki 

Recognition : : The The single single Ontario Ontario 

species is is a moderately sized sized fly fly with with 

heavily heavily marked wings, wings, dark dark brown brown 

body, body, and and greatly greatly enlarged frontal frontal 

bristles bristles in in the the male. male. The The face face is is 

receding and and lacks lacks a projecting oral oral 

margin, margin, while while the the gena gena lacks lacks 

elongated setae setae other other than than the the genal genal 

bristle. bristle. All All of of the the postocular bristles bristles 

are are brown brown to to black, black, there there are are three three 

pairs pairs of of frontal frontal bristles, and and two two pairs pairs 

of of orbital orbital bristles bristles with with the the posterior 

pair pair reclinate. The The thorax thorax has has one one 

pair pair of of dorsocentral bristles bristles situated 

at at or or behind behind a transverse line line 

through the the postsutural supra-alar 

bristles, sometimes closer closer to to the the 

acrostichal bristles bristles than than to to the the suprasupraalars,alars, and and there there are are two two pairs pairs of of 

scutellar bristles bristles on on a flat, flat, usually usually 

yellowish scutellum. Wing Wing vein vein r-m r-m is is 

close close to to vein vein dm-cu, dm-cu, distinctly distal distal 

to to the the middle middle of of cell cell dm, dm, and and cell cell cup cup 

is is drawn drawn out out to to an an elongated point. point. 

The The aculeus tip tip is is flattened in in the the 

sagittal sagittal plane, plane, differing from from other other 

Tephritidae known known from from Ontario Ontario 

except except Chetostoma. 


1 species occurs occurs in in Ontario: 


Continue to Paramyiolia nigricornis page 

Continue to Paramyiolia nigricornis page 

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Paramyiolia nigricornis (Doane) 

Discussion: The The males males of of this this species are are 

easily easily recognized by by the the brown brown body body and and 

greatly greatly enlarged frontal frontal bristles. 

Host: Host: Unknown 



doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 148


Genus Parastenopa Hendel 


species of of Parastenopa is is a 

moderately sized sized fly fly with with heavily heavily 

marked marked wings, wings, and and a dark dark brown brown 

body. body. The The face face is is receding and and lacks lacks 

a projecting oral oral margin, margin, while while the the 

gena gena lacks lacks elongated setae setae other other 

than than the the genal genal bristle. bristle. All All postocular 

bristles bristles are are brown brown to to black, black, there there are are 

three three pairs pairs of of frontal frontal bristles, and and 

there there are are two two pairs pairs of of orbital orbital bristles bristles 

with with the the posterior pair pair reclinate. The The 

thorax thorax has has one one pair pair of of dorsocentral 

bristles bristles situated at at or or behind behind a 

transverse line line through the the 

postsutural supra-alar bristles, 

sometimes closer closer to to the the acrostichal 

bristles bristles than than to to the the postsutural suprasupraalaralar bristles, and and there there are are two two pairs pairs 

of of scutellar bristles bristles on on a flat, flat, usually usually 

yellowish scutellum. Wing Wing vein vein r-m r-m is is 

close close to to vein vein dm-cu, dm-cu, distinctly distal distal 

to to the the middle middle of of cell cell dm, dm, and and cell cell cup cup 

is is drawn drawn out out to to an an elongated point. point. 


Parastenopa limata limata 


Continue to Parastenopa limata page 

Continue to Parastenopa limata page 

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Parastenopa limata (Coquillett) 

Discussion: This This is is the the first first time time that that 

Parastenopa limata limatahas has been been recorded from from 

Ontario Ontario or or Canada. 

Hosts: The The only only reported hosts hosts are are 

species of of Ilex, Ilex, including I. I. ambigua 

(Michx.) Torr. Torr. (= (= caroliniana), I. I. cassine L. L. 

(= (= I. I. decidua), I. I. glabra glabra (L.) (L.) Gray, Gray, I. I. lucida, lucida, I. I. 

opaca opaca Ait., Ait., and and I. I. vomitoria Sol. Sol. (Wasbauer 

1972). 1972). The The larvae larvae feed feed in in the the fruit. fruit. 

Flight Period: Late Late July July to to mid-August 


doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 150


Genus Procecidochares Hendel 

Recognition : : Species of of 

Procecidochares are are small small to to 

medium-sized flies flies with with a yellowish 

head, head, black black thorax, thorax, dark dark brown brown to to 

black black abdomen, and and in in the the Ontario Ontario 

species black black femora. The The wing wing is is 

clear clear with with four four prominent, brown brown 

transverse bands, bands, the the basal basal one one 

usually usually very very short. short. There There are are two two to to 

five five frontal frontal bristles, some some of of them them not not 

strictly strictly paired, paired, and and in in the the Ontario Ontario 

species only only one one pair pair of of orbital orbital 

bristles bristles or or a cluster cluster of of 2-4 2-4 setae setae (P. (P. 

gibba). gibba). The The scutellum is is shining shining 

black, black, prominently swollen, and and 

rounded dorsally. The The scutum scutum has has 

one one or or two two pairs pairs of of dorsocentral 

bristles bristles and and two two paired, paired, shining shining 

black, black, areas areas laterally before before and and 

behind behind the the transverse suture. suture. The The 

thorax thorax and and abdomen have have numerous 

contrasting, flattened, white white or or 

yellowish setae setae in in various various patterns. 

One One species, Procecidochares 

gibba, gibba, has has a supernumerary vein vein that that 

extends between the the costa costa and and vein vein 

R2+3 R2+3 (a (a unique unique feature feature among among 

Ontario Ontario Tephritidae). Goeden & 

Norrbom (2001) (2001) provided the the most most 

recent recent key key to to the the U.S. U.S. and and Canadian 

species. 


2 species occur occur or or are are likely likely to to occur occur 


Procecidochares atra atra 

Procecidochares gibba gibba 

Continue to Procecidochares species key 

Continue to Procecidochares species key 

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Key to the Procecidochares species of Ontario 









1’ 1’ No No supernumerary crossvein; anepisternum with with large large 

nonmicrotrichose shiny shiny area area anterodorsally and and anteroventrally; scutum scutum 

without without row row of of postsutural intra-alar setulae; anterior notopleural and and 

postsutural supra-alar setae setae present; scutellum without without white white setulae setulae near near 

basal basal seta; seta; frons frons with with 1 orbital orbital seta seta 

Procecidochares atra atra (Loew) (Loew) 

1 Supernumerary crossvein present between costa costaand and vein vein R2+3 R2+3 

beyond beyond pterostigma; anepisternum with with small small nonmicrotrichose shiny shiny 

area area anterodorsally; scutum scutumwith with row row of of postsutural intra-alar setulae; 

anterior notopleural and and postsutural supra-alar setae setae usually usually absent; absent; 

scutellum with with white white setulae setulae near near basal basal seta; seta; frons fronswith with cluster cluster of of 2-4 2-4 

orbital orbital setae setae 

Procecidochares gibba gibba (Loew) (Loew) 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 152






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doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 154


Procecidochares atra (Loew) 

Discussion: This This species is is the the most most 

commonly collected species of of 

Procecidochares in in Ontario. Some Some 

specimens possess two two pairs pairs of of 

dorsocentral bristles, one one in in front front of of and and 

one one behind behind the the transverse suture. suture. 

Hosts: Solidago canadensis var. var. scabra scabra 

Torr. Torr. & Gray Gray (= (= S. S. altissima), S. S. erecta erecta 

Pursh, Pursh, S. S. nemoralis Ait., Ait., S. S. odora odora Ait., Ait., and and 

S. S. sp. sp. are are recorded as as hosts hosts (Wasbauer 

1972, 1972, Sutton Sutton et et al. al. 2003); 2003); Wasbauer also also 

cites cites a record record of of Aster Astersp. sp. as as a host, host, but but 

this this record record is is questioned by by both both he he and and 

Foote Foote et et al. al. (1993). (1993). The The larvae larvae feed feed in in leafy leafy 

stem stem and and apical apical galls. galls. 


September 


(GenBank EU484522, EU484521, 

EU484520) 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 155


Procecidochares gibba (Loew) 

Discussion: Not Not yet yet recorded from from 

Ontario Ontario but but a likely likely resident, 

Procecidochares gibba gibba is is easy easy to to 

distinguish from from Procecidochares atra atra by by 

the the presence of of the the supernumerary vein vein 

extending between the the costa costaand and vein vein 

R2+3, R2+3, a unique unique trait trait amoung Ontario Ontario 

tephritids. In In this this species, the the white white setulae setulae 

on on the the facial facial ridge ridge and and parafacial are are more more 

lanceolate than than in in most most other other 

Procecidochares species. 

Host: Host: Wasbauer (1972) (1972) lists lists Ambrosia 

artemisiifolia L., L., A. A. psilostachya DC., DC., 

A.trifida L., L., and and A. A. sp. sp. as as hosts hosts for for 

Procecidochares gibba. gibba. 

Flight Period: Mid-May to to mid-June 


doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 156


Genus Procecidocharoides Foote 

Recognition : : This This is is a small small fly fly 

with with three three pairs pairs of of frontal frontal bristles bristles and and 

two two pairs pairs of of orbital orbital bristles bristles with with the the 

posterior pair pair convergent. There There are are 

two two pairs pairs of of scutellar bristles bristles and and two two 

pairs pairs of of dorsocentral bristles, one one 

anterior and and one one posterior to to the the 

transverse suture. suture. The The scutellum is is 

slightly slightly swollen, and and usually usually shining shining 

or or subshining. Wing Wing crossvein r-m r-m is is 

situated well well distad distad of of the the centre centre of of 

cell cell dm, dm, and and is is covered by by the the same same 

band band that that covers covers crossvein dm-cu. dm-cu. 

The The wing wing pattern pattern includes at at least least 

four four prominent bands bands as as follows: follows: a 

small small sub-basal band band covering 

crossvein h, h, a discal discal band band traversing 

the the pterostigma and and crossvein bmbmcu,cu, an an apical apical band band on on the the anterior 

apical apical margin margin of of the the wing, wing, and and a 

subapical band band extending diagonally 

from from the the vicinity vicinity of of the the pterostigma to to 

the the apex apex of of vein vein CuA1 CuA1 including 

crossveins r-m r-m and and dm-cu. dm-cu. In In 

addition, a slight slight clouded mark mark is is 

always always present present in in cell cell cua1 cua1 between 

the the discal discal and and subapical bands, bands, 

although it it is is often often faint faint and and diffuse diffuse in in 

the the Ontario Ontario species. This This genus genus is is 

distinguished from from the the similar similar 

Procecidochares by by the the presence of of 

well-developed posterior orbital orbital 

bristles bristles and and the the mark mark between the the 

discal discal and and subapical bands. bands. 


Continue to Procecidocharoides penelope 

species page 



doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 157


Procecidocharoides penelope (Osten Sacken) 

Discussion: This This species is is the the only only 

Procecidocharoides species found found in in 

Ontario. As As mentioned, Procecidocharoides 

penelope is is similar similar to to Procecidochares atra, atra, 

from from which which it it differs differs in in having having paler paler and and 

narrower wing wing markings and and an an additional 

triangular pale pale brownish marking in in the the 

middle middle of of wing wing cell cell cu1. cu1. 

Host: Host: Foote Foote et et al. al. (1993) (1993) report report that that 

Ageratina altissima (L.) (L.) R. R. M. M. King King & H. H. 

Rob. Rob. (= (= Eupatorium rugosum) is is the the only only 

known known host host for for Procecidocharoides 

penelope. The The larvae larvae feed feed in in the the 

flowerheads. 

Flight Period: Mid-July to to mid-August 


doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 158


Genus Rhagoletis Loew 

Recognition : : Flies Flies of of the the genus genus 

Rhagoletis have have a black black or or yellowish brown brown 

thorax thorax and and abdomen, yellow yellow legs, legs, and and 

prominently banded banded wings. wings. One One of of the the most most 

distinctive features is is the the apically pointed pointed first first 

flagellomere, a character Rhagoletis shares shares 

with with only only a few few genera genera in in Ontario: Acidogona, 

Euarestoides, Jamesomyia, Xanthomyia, and and 

Zonosemata. Rhagoletis may may be be 

distinguished from from Acidogona and and 

Euarestoides by by its its unicolourous (rather (rather than than 

mixed mixed black black and and white) white) bristles bristles and and setulae, 

and and from from the the latter latter three three genera genera by by the the 

position of of the the dorsocentral bristles bristles anterior 

to to the the midpoint between the the acrostichal and and 

postsutural supra-alar bristles. Vein Vein r-m r-m in in 

Rhagoletis is is situated near near the the midpoint of of 

cell cell dm, dm, the the scutellum has has two two pairs pairs of of 

scutellar bristles, and and there there are are three three pairs pairs of of 

frontal frontal bristles bristles and and two two pairs pairs of of orbital orbital bristles bristles 

with with the the posterior pair pair reclinate. The The 

scutellum is is never never swollen swollen and and the the blackblackbodiedbodied species always always have have a prominent 

white white or or yellow yellow spot. spot. 


This This is is the the largest largest tephritid genus genus in in Ontario, 

with with 13 13 species: 

Rhagoletis basiola basiola Rhagoletis chionanthi 

Rhagoletis cingulata Rhagoletis cornivora 

Rhagoletis fausta fausta Rhagoletis juniperina 

Rhagoletis meigenii Rhagoletis mendax 

Rhagoletis pomonella Rhagoletis striatella 

Rhagoletis suavis suavis Rhagoletis tabellaria 

Rhagoletis zephyria 

Continue to Rhagoletis species key 

Continue to Rhagoletis species key 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 159


Key to the Rhagoletis species of Ontario 

Rhagoletis basiola Rhagoletis pomonella 

1’ 1’ Background colour colour of of body body black black or or dark dark brown brown 

1 Background colour colour of of body body yellow yellow 

4 

2 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 160






2 Wing Wing pattern pattern with with small small intercalary band band between discal discal and and 

subapical crossbands; host host Rosa Rosaspp. spp. or or Berberis vulgaris fruits fruits 

2 Wing Wing pattern pattern without without an an intercalary band; band; host host Juglans spp. spp. 

3 

Rhagoletis suavis suavis (Loew) (Loew) 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 161





3’ 3’ Subapical wing wing band band separate from from apical apical wing wing band; band; host host fruits fruits of of 

Berberis vulgaris 

3 Subapical wing wing band bandjoined joined to to apical apical wing wing band bandalong along anterior 

margin; margin; host host hips hips of of Rosa Rosaspp. spp. 

Rhagoletis meigenii (Loew) (Loew) 

Rhagoletis basiola basiola (Osten (Osten Sacken) 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 162




Rhagoletis fausta 

Rhagoletis striatella 


Rhagoletis fausta 

4’ 4’ Scutellum black black basally basally and and laterally, with with V-shaped, ovoid ovoid or or 

trapezoidal yellow yellow or or white white medial medial area; area; dark dark area area of of wing wing without without isolated 

clear clear spot; spot; hosts hosts various various 

4 Scutellum entirely entirely yellow; yellow; discal discal band bandand and subapical band bandjoined joined in in 

cell cell dm, dm, subapical band bandwith with large large hyaline hyaline spot; spot; host host Prunus Prunus spp. spp. 

5 

Rhagoletis fausta fausta (Osten (Osten Sacken) 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 163




Rhagoletis striatella 


Rhagoletis striatella Rhagoletis tabellaria 

5’ 5’ Scutellum with with yellow yellow or or white white medial medial area area ovoid ovoid or or trapezoidal; if if 

wing wing with with an an F, F, only only 1 band band basally basally 

5 Scutellum with with yellow yellow or or white white medial medial area area V-shaped; wing wing with with two two 

bands bands in in basal basal half half and and an an apical apical F pattern; host host Physalis spp. spp. 

6 

Rhagoletis striatella Wulp Wulp 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 164



Rhagoletis cingulata 



Rhagoletis chionanthis 

6’ 6’ Apical Apical band band of of wing wing continuous and and not not forked forked 

6 Apical Apical band bandof of wing wing forked forked or or with with separated spot spot 

8 

7 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 165



Rhagoletis cingulata Rhagoletis chionanthis 

7’ 7’ Apex Apex of of anterior arm arm of of apical apical band band always always connected; host host 

Chionanthus spp. spp. 

7 Apex Apex of of anterior arm arm of of apical apical band bandoften often forming an an isolated spot; spot; 

host host Prunus Prunusspp. spp. including P. P. serotina 

Rhagoletis chionanthi Bush Bush 

Rhagoletis cingulata (Loew) (Loew) 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 166





Rhagoletis taballeria 

8’ 8’ Subbasal crossband and and discal discal crossband connected posteriorly; 

host host various various other other plants plants 

8 Subbasal crossband and and discal discal crossband separated; host host Juniperus 

spp. spp. 

9 

Rhagoletis juniperina Marcovitch 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 167




Rhagoletis taballeria 

9’ 9’ Subapical band band absent, absent, posterior apical apical bands bands present present and and joined joinedto to 

discal discal band band and and anterior apical apical band band to to form form an an F-shaped pattern pattern 

9 Wing Wing with with subapical band bandbut but lacking lacking posterior apical apical band band 

10 10 

Rhagoletis tabellaria (Fitch) (Fitch) 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 168




Rhagoletis zephyria 

10’ 10’ Posterior apical apical band band usually usually less less than than half half as as wide wide as as discal discal band; band; 

host host never never Symphoricarpos spp. spp. in in the the wild wild 

10 10 Wing Wing with with posterior apical apical band bandusually usually at at least least half half as as wide wide as as discal discal 

band; band; host host Symphoricarpos spp. spp. 

11 11 

Rhagoletis zephyria Snow Snow 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 169




Rhagoletis mendax 


11’ 11’ Posterior surface surface of of fore fore femur femur entirely entirely yellow; yellow; host host plants plants other other than than 

Rosaceae 

11 11 Posterior surface surface of of fore fore femur femur often often with with heavy heavy dark dark brown brown to to black black 

shading; host host Rosaceae 

12 12 

Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 170



Rhagoletis cornovora 


Rhagoletis cornovora 


12’ 12’ Infesting fruits fruits of of Cornus Cornusspp.; spp.; aculeus more more than than 0.9 0.9 mm mm long long 

12 12 Infesting fruits fruits of of Ericaceae; aculeus 0.75-0.85 mm mm long long 

Rhagoletis cornivora Bush Bush 

Rhagoletis mendax Curran Curran 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 171


Rhagoletis basiola (Osten Sacken) 

Discussion: Also Also known known as as the the Rose Rose 

Hip Hip Maggot, Rhagoletis basiola basiolais is one one of of 

four four yellow yellow bodied bodied Rhagoletis species in in 

Ontario. It It can can be be differentiated from from the the 

other other yellow yellow bodied bodied Rhagoletis by by its its wing wing 

pattern pattern as as indicated in in the the key. key. 

Host: Host: Wasbauer (1972) (1972) lists lists 21 21 host host 

plants, plants, all all within within the the genus genus Rosa: Rosa: Rosa Rosa 

acicularis Lindl., Lindl., R. R. acicularis var. var. 

bourgeauiana, R. R. arkansana Porter, Porter, R. R. 

blanda blandaAit., Ait., R. R. canina caninaL., L., R. R. carolina L., L., R. R. 

carolina var. var. villosa villosa (Best) (Best) Rehd., Rehd., R. R. 

eglanteria L., L., R. R. gallica gallicaL., L., R. R. marginata, R. R. 

nitida nitidaWilld., Willd., R. R. nutkana K. K. Presl, Presl, R. R. 

nutkana var. var. hispida hispida Fern. Fern. (= (= R. R. spaldingii), 

R. R. palustris Marsh., R. R. rugosa rugosaThunb., Thunb., R. R. 

setigera Michx., Michx., R. R. virginiana P. P. Mill., Mill., R. R. 

woodsii woodsiiLindl., Lindl., R. R. woodsii var. var. ultramontane 

(S. (S. Wats.) Wats.) Jepson, R. R. woodsii woodsiivar. var. woodsii woodsii 

Lindl. Lindl. (= (= R. R. macounii), and and R. R. sp. sp. The The 

larvae larvae feed feed in in the the fruit. fruit. 

Flight Period: Late Late June June to to early early August August 


(GenBank EU484524, EU484523) 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 172


Rhagoletis chionanthi Bush 

Discussion: Previously recorded from from 

southwestern North North Carolina and and Florida, Florida, 

this this is is a new new Canadian and and Ontario Ontario record record 

for for this this species. Rhagoletis chionanthi is is 

distinguished from from the the similar similar species 

Rhagoletis cingulata by by an an anterior arm arm of of 

the the apical apical wing wing band band connected to to the the 

subapical band, band, and and by by host host plant. plant. It It 

appears to to be be much much less less common than than R. R. 

cingulata. 

Host: Host: The The only only known known host host plant plant is is 

Chionanthus virginicus L. L. (Wasbauer, 

1972). 1972). The The larvae larvae feed feed in in the the fruit. fruit. 

Flight Period: Early Early July July to to mid-August 


doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 173


Rhagoletis cingulata (Loew) 

Discussion: Also Also known known as as the the Cherry Cherry 

Fruit Fruit Fly, Fly, the the Cherry Cherry Maggot, Eastern 

Cherry Cherry Fruit Fruit Fly, Fly, the the Whitebanded Cherry Cherry 

Fruit Fruit Fly, Fly, or or the the Trypete des des Cerises, 

Rhagoletis cingulata is is a pest pest of of black black 

cherry cherry crops crops (Prunus serotina) in in Ontario. 

As As discussed for for Rhagoletis chionanthi, the the 

key key should should separate R. R. cingulata from from other other 

Rhagoletis species dependably. The The 

isolated anterior arm arm of of the the apical apical band band 

provides a solid solid character to to easily easily 

disinguish this this species from from all all other other 

Rhagoletis in in Ontario. 

Host: Host: As As well well as as Prunus Prunus serotina Ehrh., Ehrh., 

Wasbauer (1972) (1972) lists lists the the following other other 

Prunus Prunus species as as hosts: hosts: P. P. avium avium (L.) (L.) L., L., 

P. P. cerasus L., L., P. P. mahaleb L., L., P. P. 

pensylvanica L. L. f., f., P. P. virginiana L., L., and and P. P. 

sp., sp., although P. P. pensylvanica, P. P. serotina, 

and andP. P. virginiana are are native native hosts. hosts. The The 

larvae larvae feed feed in in the the fruit. fruit. 

Flight Period: Late Late June June to to early early August August 


(GenBank EU484528, EU484527, 

EU484526, EU484525) 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 174


Rhagoletis cornivora Bush 

Discussion: Rhagoletis cornivora is is in in 

the the pomonella species complex, and and is is 

hard hard to to distinguish from from the the other other cryptic cryptic 

species in in that that group group without without host host plant plant 

data. data. The The R. R. pomonella complex is is the the only only 

group group of of tephritids in in Ontario Ontario where where 

examination of of genitalic morphology is is 

often often necessary for for routine routine species 

identification in in the the absence of of host host data. data. 

Host: Host: Wasbauer (1972) (1972) lists lists Cornus Cornus 

amomum Mill., Mill., C. C. canadensis L., L., C. C. obliqua obliqua 

Raf., Raf., and and C. C. stolonifera Michx. Michx. as as known known 

host host plants. plants. The The larvae larvae feed feed in in the the fruit. fruit. 

Flight Period: Mid- Mid-to to late late July July 


doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 175


Rhagoletis fausta (Osten Sacken) 

Discussion: Easily Easily recognized by by its its 

entirely entirely cream-coloured scutellum, 

Rhagoletis fausta fausta is is also also known known as as the the 

Black Black Cherry Cherry Fruit Fruit Fly, Fly, the the Black-bodied 

Cherry Cherry Fruit Fruit Fly, Fly, and and the the trypete trypete noire noire des des 

cerises. 

Hosts: Foote Foote et et al. al. (1993) (1993) report report that that 

Prunus Prunus pensylvanica L. L. f. f. (the (the pin pin or or fire fire 

cherry) cherry) is is the the preferred host host for for this this species 

in in eastern eastern North North America, and and Wasbauer 

(1972) (1972) lists lists Prunus Prunus avium avium (L.) (L.) L., L., P. P. 

cerasus L., L., P. P. emarginata (Douglas ex ex 

Hook.) Hook.) Eaton, Eaton, P. P. mahaleb L., L., P. P. serotina 

Ehrh., Ehrh., P. P. virginiana L., L., P. P. virginiana var. var. 

demissa (Nutt.) (Nutt.) Torr., Torr., and and P. P. sp. sp. as as other other 

known known hosts. hosts. The The larvae larvae feed feed in in the the fruit. fruit. 

Flight Period: Mid-June to to early early July July 


doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 176


Rhagoletis juniperina Marcovitch 

Discussion: First First found found in in Ontario Ontario by by 

Paiero Paiero & Marshall (2001). (2001). 

Host: Host: The The only only known known hosts hosts are are Juniperus 

species. Wasbauer (1972) (1972) listed listed Juniperus 

monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg., Sarg., J. J. virginiana 

L., L., and and J. J. sp., sp., but but Foote Foote et et al. al. (1993) (1993) note note 

that that the the range range of of this this fly fly exceeds the the range range 

of of the the known known hosts, hosts, implying there there are are other other 

host host plants plants used. used. The The larvae larvae feed feed in in the the 

fruit. fruit. 

Flight Period: Mid-June to to mid-August 


(GenBank EU484532, EU484531, 

EU484530, EU484529) 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 177


Rhagoletis meigenii (Loew) 

Discussion: A new new Ontario Ontario record, record, this this 

is is an an invasive species from from northern, 

central central and and eastern eastern Europe. Foote Foote et et al. al. 

(1993) (1993) first first reported this this species in in North North 

America from from coastal coastal New New Hampshire 

beginning in in 1986, 1986, and and Norrbom et et al. al. 

(1999) (1999) reported it it from from Maine Maine and and Nova Nova 

Scotia, Scotia, but but we we here here record record that that R. R. meigenii 

has has been been collected in in Montreal, Quebec in in 

1956 1956 and and 1967, 1967, and and in in Oakville, Ontario Ontario in in 

1977, 1977, suggesting a much much earlier earlier arrival arrival 

from from Europe. 

Hosts: Foote Foote et et al. al. (1993) (1993) report report that that 

Rhagoletis meigenii breeds breeds in in fruits fruits of of 

Berberis vulgaris in in Europe. Both Both the the fly fly 

and and host host plant plant are are introduced to to North North 

America. The The larvae larvae feed feed in in the the fruit. fruit. 

Flight Period: Late Late June June to to late late July July 


doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 178


Rhagoletis mendax Curran 

Discussion: A member of of the the pomonella 

complex, Rhagoletis mendax (Blueberry 

Maggot, Blueberry Fruit Fruit Fly, Fly, or or Mouche de de 

L’airelle), can can be be difficult difficult to to identify identify without without 

host host information. 

Hosts: Wasbauer (1972) (1972) lists lists Gaultheria 

procumbens L., L., Gaylussacia baccata 

(Wangenh.) K. K. Koch, Koch, G. G. dumosa (Andr.) (Andr.) 

Torr. Torr. & Gray, Gray, G. G. frondosa (L.) (L.) Torr. Torr. & Gray Gray 

ex. ex. Torr., Torr., G. G. sp., sp., Vaccinium angustifolium 

Ait., Ait., V. V. arboreum Marsh., Marsh., V. V. corymbosum 

L., L., V. V. formosum Andr., Andr., V. V. macrocarpon Ait., Ait., 

V. V. myrtilloides Michx., Michx., V. V. ovatum ovatumPursh, Pursh, V. V. 

pallidum Ait., Ait., V. V. vitis-idaea ssp. ssp. minus minus 

(Lodd.) (Lodd.) Hultén, Hultén, and and V. V. spp. spp. as as hosts hosts for for 

Rhagoletis mendax. The The larvae larvae feed feed in in the the 

fruit. fruit. 

Flight Period: Late Late May May to to early early 

September 


doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 179


Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) 

Discussion: Rhagoletis pomonella, also also known known 

as as the the Apple Apple Maggot, the the Apple Apple Maggot Maggot Fly, Fly, the the 

Apple Apple Fruit Fruit Fly, Fly, the the Apple Apple Worm, Worm, the the Railroad 

Worm, Worm, or or the the Mouche de de la la Pomme, is is the the most most 

economically important fruit fruit fly fly in in Ontario, and and 

although it it is is one one of of the the most most commonly collected 

and and extensively studied studied Rhagoletis species, it it can can 

be be difficult difficult to to distinguish from from other other members of of the the 

pomonella complex in in the the absence of of host host data. data. The The 

dark dark marking on on the the posterior surface surface of of the the front front 

femur femur is is sometimes obvious and and distinguishes this this 

species from from similar similar Rhagoletis, but but in in other other 

specimens the the mark mark is is obscure and and easily easily 

overlooked. 

Hosts: Wasbauer (1972) (1972) lists lists the the following as as 

hosts hosts for for R. R. pomonella: Amelanchier bartramiana 

(Tausch) M. M. Roemer, A. A. stolonifera Wieg. Wieg. (= (= A. A. 

spicata), A. A. spp., spp., Cotoneaster Medik. Medik. sp., sp., Crataegus 

X anomala Sarg. Sarg. (pro (pro sp.), sp.), C. C. macrosperma Ashe, Ashe, 

C. C. malloides, C. C. mollis mollisScheele, Scheele, C. C. pedicellata 

Sarg., Sarg., C. C. pentagyna, C. C. pruinosa (Wendl. f.) f.) K. K. 

Koch, Koch, C. C. punctata Jacq., Jacq., C. C. scabrida Sarg.,C. 

succulenta Schrad. ex ex Link Link (= (= C. C. macracantha), 

Malus Malus baccata (L.) (L.) Borkh., Borkh., M. M. domestica Borkh. Borkh. (= (= 

M. M. pumila, pumila, sylvestris), Photinia pyrifolia (Lam.) (Lam.) 

Robertson & Phipps Phipps (= (= Aronia Aronia arbutifolia), P. P. 

melanocarpo (Michx.) Robertson & Phipps Phipps (= (= Aronia Aronia 

melanocarpo), Prunus Prunus angustifolia Marsh., Marsh., P. P. 

armeniaca L., L., P. P. cerasus L., L., P. P. domestica L., L., P. P. 

persica persica (L.) (L.) Batsch., P. P. umbellata Ell., Ell., P. P. spp., spp., 

Pyracantha M. M. Roemer sp., sp., Pyrus Pyrus communis L., L., 

Sorbus Sorbus americana Marsh., Marsh., and and Symphoricarpos 

albus albus var. var. albus albus (L.) (L.) Blake Blake (= (= S. S. racemosus) (forced (forced 

laboratory host). host). The The larvae larvae feed feed in in the the fruit. fruit. 

Flight Record: Late Late June June to to late late August August 


(GenBank EU484534, EU484533) 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 180


Rhagoletis striatella Wulp 

Discussion: Rhagoletis striatella can can be be 

easily easily distinguished from from the the other other 

Rhagoletis species in in Ontario Ontario by by the the Vshapedshaped 

cream cream mark mark on on the the scutellum. 

Hosts: Three Three specis specis of of Physalis 

(Solanaceae) have have been been reported as as host host 

plants plants (Smith (Smith & Bush Bush 1999). 1999). The The larvae larvae 

feed feed in in the the fruit. fruit. 

Flight Period: Late Late June June to to mid-August 



doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 181


Rhagoletis suavis (Loew) 

Discussion: This This is is the the first first record record of of 

Rhagoletis suavis suavisin in both both Canada and and 

Ontario. Also Also known known as as the the Northern 

Walnut Walnut Husk Husk Fly Fly or or the the Walnut Walnut Husk Husk 

Maggot, Rhagoletis suavis suavishas has a very very 

distinctive wing wing pattern pattern compared to to the the 

wing wing patterns of of the the rest rest of of the the Rhagoletis 

from from Ontario. Because of of this, this, plus plus its its 

yellow yellow colour, colour, R. R. suavis suavisis is easily easily 

distinguished from from congeners. 

Hosts: Wasbauer (1972) (1972) lists lists several several 

Juglans species (J. (J. ailanthifolia Carr., Carr., J. J. 

cinerea cinereaL., L., J. J. nigra nigraL., L., J. J. regia regiaL., L., and and J. J. 

sp.) sp.) and and Prunus Prunus persica persica (L.) (L.) Batsch Batsch as as 

hosts hosts for for Rhagoletis suavis. suavis. The The larvae larvae 

feed feed in in the the husk husk of of the the walnut walnut fruit. fruit. 

Flight Period: Mid-June to to late late 

September 



doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 182


Rhagoletis tabellaria (Fitch) 

Hosts: Wasbauer (1972) (1972) lists lists Cornus Cornus 

amomum P. P. Mill., Mill., C. C. sericea sericea ssp. ssp. sericea sericea 

L., L., C. C. sp., sp., Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait., Ait., and and 

V. V. sp. sp. as as hosts hosts for for Rhagoletis tabellaria. 

According to to Bush Bush (1966) (1966) the the eastern eastern 

populations of of R. R. tabellaria attack attack only only 

Cornus Cornusspp., spp., while while the the western populations 

prefer prefer Vaccinium spp. spp. as as hosts. hosts. The The larvae larvae 

feed feed in in the the fruit. fruit. 

Flight Period: Early Early June June to to late late August August 


(GenBank EU484540, EU484539, 

EU484538, EU484537) 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 183


Rhagoletis zephyria Snow 

Discussion: Rhagoletis zephyria (the (the 

Snowberry Maggot) was was first first recorded from from 

Ontario Ontario in in 2007 2007 by by Gavrilovic et et al. al. It It can can be be 

difficult difficult to to distinguish from from other other members 

of of the the pomonella complex (especially 

Rhagoletis pomonella, R. R. cornivora, and and R. R. 

mendax) without without host host plant plant information. 

Hosts: Rhagoletis zephyria is is limited limited to to 

Symphoricarpos albus albus var. var. laevigatus 

(Fern.) (Fern.) Blake Blake in in western Canada, and and S. S. 

albus albus variety variety albus albus (L.) (L.) Blake Blake in in Ontario Ontario and and 

Eastern Canada (Gavrilovic et et al., al., 2007), 2007), 

but but has has also also been been recorded from from S. S. 

occidentalis Hooker Hooker (Gavrilovic et et al., al., 

2007), 2007), S. S. racemosus Michx., Michx., S. S. rivularis 

Suksdorf, and and S. S. sp. sp. (Wasbauer, 1972). 1972). 

The The larvae larvae feed feed in in the the fruit. fruit. 

Flight Period: Mid-July to to mid-August. 


doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 184


Genus Rhagoletotrypeta Aczél 


species resembles many many species of of 

Rhagoletis in in having having a predominantly 

black black thorax thorax and and abdomen with with 

whitish whitish markings and and a clear clear wing wing 

with with dark dark to to black black transverse bands. bands. 

The The genus genus Rhagoletotrypeta can can be be 

distinguished from from the the genus genus 

Rhagoletis by by the the apically apically rounded 

first first flagellomere (pointed in in 

Rhagoletis), the the scutum scutum with with a 

prominent median median white white stripe stripe that that 

widens widens posteriorly, and and the the oviscape 

that that is is almost almost bulbous basally basally but but 

narrows abruptly apically. 


Rhagoletotrypeta rohweri rohweri 


Continue to Rhagoletotrypeta rohweri 

species page 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 185


Rhagoletotrypeta rohweri Foote 


Rhagoletotrypeta rohweri rohwerifrom from Canada and and 

Ontario. The The last last known known records of of this this 

species are are prior prior to to 1962 1962 (Foote (Foote et et al., al., 

1993). 1993). 

Hosts: Larvae Larvae presumed to to be be this this 

species were were found found in in a Celtis Celtissp., sp., which which is is 

presumed to to be be the the host host for for 

Rhagoletotrypeta rohweri, although no no 

adults adults have have actually been been reared reared (Foote (Foote et et 

al. al. 1993). 1993). Celtis Celtisspp. spp. are are the the only only known known 

hosts hosts for for other other species of of this this genus. genus. 


August August 


(GenBank EU484542, EU484541) 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 186


Genus Stenopa Loew 

Recognition : : A moderately 

large, large, brown brown to to black black fly fly with with many many 

stout stout white white and and black black setae, setae, yellow yellow 

legs, legs, and and prominently banded wings. wings. 

There There are are three three pairs pairs of of frontal frontal 

bristles, two two pairs pairs of of orbital orbital bristles, 

and and two two pairs pairs of of black black bristles bristles on on a 

subshining, black, black, inflated inflated scutellum. 

The The single single pair pair of of dorsocentral 

bristles bristles arise arise well well anterior to to the the 

midpoint between the the acrostichal and and 

postsutural supra-alar bristles. The The 

very very broad, broad, dark dark wing wing bands bands of of 

Stenopa resemble some some species of of 

Rhagoletis but but Stenopa has has an an 

apically rounded first first flagellomere, 

stout stout white white postocular bristles bristles and and 

scutal scutal setae, setae, and and dark dark cells cells bc bc and and c. c. 




Continue to Stenopa vulnerata page 

Continue to Stenopa vulnerata page 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 187


Stenopa vulnerata (Loew) 

Discussion: Stenopa vulnerata is is newly newly 

recorded from from Ontario. These These flies flies have have 

distinctive heavily heavily banded banded wings, wings, and and 

should should be be easily easily distinguished from from other other 

Ontario Ontario species. 

Host: Host: Senecio aureus aureusL. L. is is the the only only known known 

host host (Wasbauer, 1972). 1972). The The larvae larvae feed feed in in 

stem stem galls. galls. 

Flight Flight Period: Period: Mid-July to to mid-August 


(GenBank EU484544, EU484543) 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 188


Genus Strauzia Robineau-Desvoidy 

Recognition : : Strauzia species 

are are relatively large large yellowish flies flies 

superficially similar similar to to Euleia Euleiaspecies, species, 

from from which which they they are are readily readily 

distinguished by by characters given given in in 

the the key key to to genera. Strauzia is is 

characterized by by the the presence of of an an 

elongated cell cell cup, cup, a flat flat scutellum, 

the the absence of of orbital orbital bristles, the the 

absence of of well-developed setae setae on on 

the the anterior oral oral margin, margin, and and a 

distinctive wing wing pattern. The The 

dorsocentral bristles bristles vary vary in in location 

but but are are situated no no more more anterior 

than than the the level level of of the the postsutural 

supra-alar bristles bristles and and no no further further 

posterior than than a point point halfway 

between the the supra-alar and and 

acrostichal bristles. 

4 species are are found found in in Ontario: 




Strauzia perfecta 


Continue to Strauzia species key 

Continue to Strauzia species key 

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Key to the Strauzia species of Ontario 





1’ 1’ Scutellum yellow yellow with with lateral lateral corners corners dark dark brown brown to to black; black; clear clearband band 

between veins veins r-m r-m and and dm-cu, dm-cu, if if present, usually usually not not entering cell cell cua¬1; cua¬1; 

not not associated with with Ambrosia spp. spp. 

1 Scutellum entirely entirely yellow, yellow, without without dark dark markings; clear clear band band between 

veins veins r-m r-mand and dm-cu dm-cupresent present and and continuous from from costa costainto into cell cell cua1; cua1; 

hosts hosts Ambrosia spp. spp. 

2 

Strauzia perfecta (Loew) (Loew) 

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2’ 2’ Fifth Fifth tarsomere yellowish, at at most most slightly slightly darkened at at apex; apex; wing wing 

markings variable, but but clear clear transverse band band along along stem stem of of ‘F’ ‘F’ either either 

crossing CuA1, CuA1, not not reaching anterior wing wing margin, margin, or or broken broken between 

CuA1 CuA1 and and wing wing margin; margin; not not associated with with Rudbeckia spp. spp. 

2 Fifth Fifth tarsomere largely largely blackish; wing wing with with clear clear transverse band band 

running running along along stem stem of of ‘F’ ‘F’ mark, mark, extending from from CuA1 CuA1 to to anterior wing wing 

margin; margin; host host Rudbeckia laciniata 

3 

Strauzia intermedia (Loew) (Loew) 

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3’ 3’ Clear Clear band band between veins veins r-m r-m and and dm-cu dm-cu (along (along stem stem of of ‘F’), ‘F’), if if 

present, extending anteriorly to to costa costa but but sometimes broken broken in in the the 

middle; middle; pterostigma not not as as elongated; hosts hosts Smallanthus uvedalia, 

Ageratina altissima, and and Helianthus spp. spp. 

3 Clear Clear band band between veins veins r-m r-mand and dm-cu dm-cu (along (along stem stem of of ‘F’) ‘F’) present present 

but but not not extending to to costa; costa; pterostigma 3 times times as as long long as as wide wide at at base; base; 

hosts hosts Helianthus grosseserratus 

Strauzia longipennis (Wiedemann) 

Strauzia arculata (Loew) (Loew) 

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Strauzia arculata (Loew) 


Strauzia arculata from from Canada and and Ontario. 

Hosts: Steyskal (1986) (1986) records Helianthus 

grosseserratus M. M. Martens as as the the only only 

known known host. host. As As in in other other Strauzia species, 

the the larvae larvae are are stem stem miners. miners. 

Flight Period: Mid Mid June June to to mid-July 


doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 193


Strauzia intermedia (Loew) 

Discussion: This This species is is recognized 

by by the the black black fifth fifth tarsomeres on on each each leg. leg. 

Males Males of of this this species have have enlarged, bluntblunttippedtipped frontal frontal bristles. 

Host: Host: Steyskal (1986) (1986) records Rudbeckia 

laciniata L. L. as as the the only only known known host. host. The The 

larvae larvae are are stem stem miners. miners. 

Flight Period: Late Late March March to to early early May May 


doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 194


Strauzia longipennis (Wiedemann) 

Discussion: Also Also known known as as the the 

Sunflower Maggot or or the the Mouche du du 

Tournesol, Strauzia longipennis is is the the most most 

commonly collected Strauzia species in in 

Ontario. Steyskal (1986) (1986) acknowledged the the 

presence of of numerous varieties, several several of of 

which which were were elevated to to full full species status status 

by by Stoltzfus (1988). (1988). However, Foote Foote et et al. al. 

(1993) (1993) argued argued that that the the differences 

recognized by by Stoltzfus were were extreme 

intraspecific variation in in wing wing patterning and and 

ultimately supported Steyskal’s 

classification. Recently, Axen Axenet et al. al. (2010) (2010) 

noted noted a high high level level of of CO1 CO1 sequence 

diversity between two two sympatric 

populations matching different varieties, but but 

did did not not conclude that that these these populations 

represented distinct distinct species. Our Our DNA DNA 

barcode results results also also display display an an unsettling 

discrepancy with with respect respect to to intraspecific 

variation between S. S. longipennis vittigera 

and and S. S. l. l. longipennis, but but our our sample sample size size is is 

too too small small to to make make any any species hypotheses. 

Further Further study study is is certainly required with with 

regards to to this this species and and its its varieties. 

Host: Host: Among Among the the hosts hosts listed listed by by Steyskal 

(1986) (1986) and and Wasbauer (1972), (1972), the the following 

records records pertain pertain to to Strauzia longipennis: 

Helianthus tuberosus L., L., H. H. annuus annuus L., L., and and 

possibly H. H. maximiliani Schrad. Foote Foote et et al. al. 

(1993) (1993) indicate that that Strauzia longipennis 

may mayuse use other other species of of Helianthus as as 

hosts. hosts. The The larvae larvae are are stem stem miners. miners. 



(GenBank EU484548, EU484547, 

EU484546, EU484545) 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 195


Strauzia perfecta (Loew) 

Discussion: Strauzia perfecta is is 

recognized by by its its completely yellow yellow 

scutellum which which lacks lacks dark dark markings on on the the 

corners corners and and posterior surface. 

Hosts: Steyskal (1986) (1986) and and Sutton Sutton et et al. al. 

(2003) (2003) recorded two two species of of ragweeds, 

Ambrosia trifida trifidaL. L. and and A. A. artemisiifolia L., L., 

as as hosts hosts for for Strauzia perfecta. The The larvae larvae 

are are stem stem miners. miners. 

Flight Period: Late Late June June to to mid-July 



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Genus Tephritis Latreille 

Recognition : : The The species of of Tephritis may may 

be be confused with with those those of of similar similar small, small, grayish grayish 

tephritine genera genera such such as as Dioxyna, 

Campiglossa, Euaresta, Euarestoides, or or 

Trupanea. They They differ differ from from the the first first two two genera genera 

in in having having a nongeniculate proboscis and and lacking lacking 

the the dark dark spots spots usually usually present present on on the the abdomen 

in in Campiglossa and and Dioxyna. They They differ differ from from 

Euaresta in in lacking lacking the the bulla bulla in in cell cell r4+5 r4+5 often often 

present present in in the the latter latter genus genus and and in in the the shape shape of of 

the the male male epandrium (not (not exceptionally wide wide and and 

grooved as as in in Euaresta). They They differ differ from from 

Euarestoides and and Trupanea in in having having two two pairs pairs 

of of frontal frontal bristles, and and differ differ further further from from 

Trupanea in in having having 2 pairs pairs of of scutellar bristles. 

The The hind hind femur femur has has one one or or two two preapical 

anterodorsal setae, setae, but but lacks lacks the the preapical 

posterodorsal seta seta usually usually present in in other other 

tephritine genera. There There are are two two pairs pairs of of orbital orbital 

bristles bristles (the (the posterior pair pair usually usually white white or or 

yellowish and and reclinate) and and one one pair pair of of 

dorsocentral bristles, situated very very close close to to the the 

transverse suture. suture. The The wing wing pattern pattern is is usually usually 

extensively reticulate but but nearly nearly always always has has 

narrow narrow rays rays to to the the apices apices of of veins veins R4+5 R4+5 and and M 

and and in in cell cell m. m. The The pterostigma is is dark dark without without a 

hyaline hyaline spot spot and and this this dark dark area area extends 

posteriorly into into at at least least cells cells r1, r1, r2+3 r2+3 and and br. br. 


6 species occur occur or or are are likely likely to to occur occur in in Ontario: 

Tephritis angustipennis 


Tehpritis candidipennis 

Tephritis michiganensis 

Tephritis pura pura 

Tephritis webbii webbii 

Continue to Tephritis species key 

Continue to Tephritis species key 

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Key to the Tephritis species of Ontario 



1’ 1’ Abdominal setae setae dark dark 

1 Abdominal setae setae white white 

3 

2 

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Tephritis candidipennis 


2’ 2’ Wing Wing predominantly hyaline, vein vein r-m r-m not not covered by by dark dark mark mark 

2 Wing Wing predominantly dark, dark, vein vein r-m r-mcovered covered by by dark dark mark mark 

Tephritis candidipennis Foote Foote 

Tephritis araneosa (Coquillet) 

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Tephritis michiganensis Tephritis pura 

3’ 3’ Scutellum without without or or with with weak weak brown brown bands; bands; basal basal scutellar setae setae 

never never originating within within brown brown bands, bands, always always in in gray gray area area 

3 Scutellum with with wide, wide, lateral lateral brown brown bands; bands; basal basal scutellar setae setae 

originating within within brown brown bands bands 

5 

4 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 200



Tephritis michiganensis Tephritis webbii 

4’ 4’ Wing Wing cell cell bc bc heavily heavily shaded shaded on on basal basal and and apical apical margins, large large 

centre centre dark dark spot spot 

4 Wing Wing cell cell bc bchyaline, hyaline, at at most most small small dark dark spot spot at at wing wing margin margin 

Tephritis webbii webbii Doane Doane 


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Tephritis angustipennis 

5’ 5’ Dark Dark pattern pattern in in wing wing cell cell m always always extending to to posterior margin marginof of 

that that cell cell 

5 Dark Dark pattern pattern in in wing wing cell cell m never never attaining posterior margin margin of of that that 

cell cell 

Tephritis pura pura (Loew) (Loew) 

Tephritis angustipennis (Loew) (Loew) 

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Tephritis angustipennis (Loew) 

Discussion: This This Holarctic species is is 

found found throughout Ontario Ontario but but is is infrequently 

collected. 

Hosts: The The only only species known known to to be be 

hosts hosts for for Tephritis angustipennis are are 

Achillea ptarmica L. L. and and Symphyotrichum 

spathulatum (Lindl.) (Lindl.) Nesom Nesom var. var. 

intermedium (Gray) (Gray) Nesom Nesom (= (= Aster Aster 

occidentalis var. var. intermedius) (Wasbauer, 

1972). 1972). The The larvae larvae feed feed in in the the flowerheads. 

Flight Period: Late Late March March to to mid-June 


doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 203


Tephritis araneosa (Coquillet) 

Discussion: Tephritis araneosa is is a 

mostly mostly western species that that is is infrequently 

collected in in Ontario. 

Hosts: Reported hosts hosts of of Tephritis 

araneosa include include 5 species of of Artemisia, 3 

species of of Chrysothamnus, 2 species of of 

Ericameria, and and species of ofBaccharis, Baccharis, 

Erigeron, and andGrindelia Grindelia (Wasbauer 1972. 1972. 

Goeden 1993). 1993). The The larvae larvae feed feed in in the the 

flowerheads. 

Flight Period: Mid-June to to early early August August 



doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 204


Tephritis candidipennis Foote 


Tephritis candidipennis in in Ontario. 

Host: Host: Two Two species of ofTanacetum, Tanacetum, T. T. 

camphoratum Less. Less. and and T. T. huronense 

Nutt., Nutt., are are host host plants plants for for Tephritis 

candidipennis (Wasbauer 1972). 1972). Other Other 

reported host host records records were were probably based based 

on on misidentifications (Goeden 1993). 1993). 

Flight Period: Late Late June June 


doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 205



Discussion: Similar Similar to to Tephritis pura, pura, 

Tephritis michiganensis can can be be 

distinguished by by the the characters given given in in the the 

key. key. 

Hosts: The The only only reported host host for for Tephritis 

michiganensis is is Machaeranthera 

canescens (Pursh) (Pursh) Gray Gray (Goeden 1993). 1993). 

The The larvae larvae feed feed in in the the flowerheads. 

Flight Period: Early Early July July to to late late August August 


doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 206


Tephritis pura (Loew) 

Discussion: Tephritis pura pura is is one one of of the the 

most most commonly collected fruit fruit flies flies in in 

Ontario. This This species is is similar similar in in 

appearance to to Tephritis michiganensis and and 

T. T. webbii, webbii, but but can can be be distinguished reliably reliably 

with with the the characters given given in in the the key. key. 

Host: Host: Tephritis pura purahas has been been reared reared from from 

indistinct apical apical stem stem swellings on on Solidago 

gigantea Ait., Ait., from from Solidago canadensis L. L. 

var. var. scabra scabra Torr. Torr. & Gray, Gray, and and from from 

flowerheads of of Vernonia noveboracensis 

and/or and/or V. V. gigantea (Sutton (Sutton et et al. al. 2003). 2003). 

Flight Period: Mid-April to to late late October 


(GenBank EU484555, EU484554, 

EU484553, EU484552, EU484551) 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 207


Tephritis webbii Doane 

Discussion: Tephritis webbii webbiiis is a rarely rarely 

collected species in in Ontario, but but is is is is 

relatively common in in the the western United United 

States. States. Similar Similar in in appearance to to Tephritis 

pura, pura, it it can can be be distinguished by by the the degree degree 

of of dark dark patterning surrounding vein vein CuA1 CuA1 

(as (as discussed in in the the key). key). 

Host: Host: The The only only known known host host of of Tephritis 

webbii webbiiis is a Solidago sp. sp. (Wasbauer, 1972). 1972). 

The The larvae larvae feed feed in in a flowerhead gall. gall. 

Flight Period: Late Late April April to to early early August August 


doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 208


Genus Terellia Robineau-Desvoidy 

Recognition : : Medium-sized 

yellowish flies flies with with the the body body marked marked 

with with black black and and the the wing wing marked with with 

light light to to dark dark brown brown bands bands or or spots. spots. 

The The frons fronsis is bare, bare, but but there there are are two two 

or or three three pairs pairs of of frontal frontal bristles bristlesand and 

two two pairs pairs of of orbital orbital bristles, the the 

posterior pair pair of of which which are are well well 

developed and and strongly convergent. 

The The thorax thorax has has a single single pair pair of of 

dorsocentral bristles bristlessituated situated on on a 

transverse line line between the the 

postsutural supra-alar bristles, as as 

well well as as two two pairs pairs of of scutellar bristles. 

The The genus genus is is similar similar to to Neaspilota in in 

general general habitus habitus and and in in having having 

convergent posterior orbital orbital bristles, 

but but Neaspilota species are are smaller, 

lack lack the the small small dark dark brown brown spot spot at at the the 

base base of of acrostichal bristle, bristle, often often have have 

the the wing wing unmarked except except in in the the 

vicinity vicinity of of the the pterostigma, and and 

usually usually have have a setulose frons. frons. 


Terellia Terellia palposa 

Terellia Terellia ruficauda 


Continue to Terellia species key 

Continue to Terellia species key 

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Key to the Terellia species of Ontario 





1’ 1’ Body Body mostly mostly yellow; yellow; apical apical and and preapical bands bands complete and and usually usually 

united united with with each each other other in in cell cell r1 r1 

1 Body Body mostly mostly grey; grey; wing wing with with apical apical costal costal band band and and preapical band band 

(covering vein vein dm-cu) dm-cu) never never connected, each each usually usually also also interrupted by by 

various various clear clear areas areas in in cells cells r1, r1, r2+3, r2+3, and and r4+5 r4+5 

Terellia Terellia palposa (Loew) (Loew) 

Terellia Terellia ruficauda (Fabricius) 

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Terellia palposa (Loew) 

Discussion: Terellia Terellia palposa is is the the least least 

common species of of Terellia Terelliacollected collected in in 

Ontario, and and is is easily easily distinguished from from 

Terellia Terellia ruficauda by by the the wing wing patterns 

described in in the the key. key. 

Host: Host: Several Cirsium species have have been been 

reported as as host host plants plants for for Terellia Terellia palposa: 

Cirsium horridulum Michx., Michx., C. C. texanum 

Buckl., Buckl., C. C. undulatum (Nutt.) (Nutt.) Spreng., and and 

C. C. pumilum Spreng. (Wasbauer 1972, 1972, 

Steck Steck 1981). 1981). The The larvae larvae feed feed in in the the 

flowerheads. 

Flight Period: Lat Lat July July to to late late August August 


(GenBank EU484517, EU484516) 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 211


Terellia ruficauda (Fabricius) 

Discussion: Terellia Terellia ruficauda is is a 

northern European species presumably 

accidentally introduced to to North North America 

along along with with its its host, host, the the thistle thistle Cirsium 

arvense. 

Host: Host: Seven Seven species of of Cirsium have have 

been been reported as as hosts hosts of ofT. T. ruficauda in in 

Europe, but butC. C. arvense (L.) (L.) Scop. Scop. is is the the 

only only recorded host host in in North North America 

(Wasbauer, 1972). 1972). The The larvae larvae feed feed in in the the 

flowerheads. 


August August 


(GenBank EU484519, EU484518) 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 212


Genus Tomoplagia Coquillett 

Recognition : The single Ontario 

species is a small fly with a yellow 

body marked with distinct black spots 

on its thorax and abdomen, yellow to 

light brown bristles and setae, and 

yellow, unmarked legs. It has three 

pairs of frontal bristles, two pairs of 

orbital bristles, two pairs of scutellar 

bristles (apical pair nearly as long as 

basal pair), and one pair of 

dorsocentral bristles situated closer 

to the transverse suture than to a 

transverse line through the 

postsutural supra-alar bristles. 

Tomoplagia obliqua is further 

characterized by a pair of round 

black spots at the lateral ends of the 

posterior three or four abdominal 

tergites, forming a lateral row of 

spots on each side of the abdominal 

tergum. The wings are distinctive 

among all Ontario tephritids in 

bearing yellow and light brown bands 

that lie at a roughly 45 o 

Recognition : The single Ontario 

species is a small fly with a yellow 

body marked with distinct black spots 

on its thorax and abdomen, yellow to 

light brown bristles and setae, and 

yellow, unmarked legs. It has three 

pairs of frontal bristles, two pairs of 

orbital bristles, two pairs of scutellar 

bristles (apical pair nearly as long as 

basal pair), and one pair of 

dorsocentral bristles situated closer 

to the transverse suture than to a 

transverse line through the 


Tomoplagia obliqua is further 

characterized by a pair of round 

black spots at the lateral ends of the 

posterior three or four abdominal 

tergites, forming a lateral row of 

spots on each side of the abdominal 

tergum. The wings are distinctive 

among all Ontario tephritids in 

bearing yellow and light brown bands 

that lie at a roughly 45 angle to the 

longitudinal axis of the wing. 

o 

angle to the 

longitudinal axis of the wing. 

1 species is is found found in in Ontario: 

Tomoplagia obliqua obliqua 


Continue to Tomoplagia obliqua page 

Continue to Tomoplagia obliqua page 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 213


Tomoplagia obliqua (Say) 


by by Paiero Paiero et et al. al. (2010), (2010), Tomoplagia obliqua obliqua 

is is found found in in southwestern Ontario. This This 

species wing wing pattern pattern is is distinctive among among 

Ontario Ontario tephritids and and this this species is is easy easy 

to to identify identify by by eye eye in in the the field. field. 

Host: Host: Wasbauer (1972) (1972) lists lists Vernonia 

angustifolia Michx. Michx. ssp. ssp. scaberrima (Nutt.) (Nutt.) 

S.B. S.B. Jones Jones & Faust, Faust, V. V. baldwinii Torr. Torr. 

(including ssp. ssp. interior interior (Small) (Small) Faust), Faust), V. V. 

blodgettii Small, Small, V. V. gigantea (Walter) Trel. Trel. 

(= (= V. V. altissima), and and V. V. sp. sp. as as well well as as Aster Aster 

sp. sp. as as hosts hosts for for Tomoplagia obliqua. Foote Foote 

et et al. al. (1993) (1993) treat treat the the Aster Asterhost host record record as as 

questionable. The The larvae larvae feed feed in in the the 

flowerheads. 

Flight Period: Late Late July July to to late late August August 


(GenBank EU484557, EU484556) 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 214


Genus Trupanea Schrank 

Recognition : : Trupanea species 

are are small small flies flies with with yellowish head head 

and and legs legs and and dense dense grayish grayish 

tomentum covering the the scutum, 

scutellum, and and abdomen. The The wings wings 

of of most most species have have a are are 

characteristic stellate stellate pattern, being being 

mostly mostly hyaline hyaline with with a dark dark brown brown 

area area in in the the anterior distal distal quarter quarter of of 

the the disk disk and and narrow narrow dark dark rays rays 

extending to to the the wing wing border border from from 

the the dark dark patch. patch. All All Ontario Ontario species 

have have three three pairs pairs of of frontal frontal bristles, 

two two pairs pairs of of orbital orbital bristles, and and one one 

pair pair of of scutellar bristles. The The 

dorsocentral bristles bristlesare are situated 

very very close close to to the the transverse suture suture 

and and are are distantly removed from from the the 


Trupanea species have have a superficial 

resemblance to to some some Tephritis 

species but but differ differ most most obviously in in 

having having only only one one pair pair of of scutellar 

bristles. 





Continue to Trupanea species key 

Continue to Trupanea species key 

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Key to the Trupanea species of Ontario 

Trupanea dacetoptera Trupanea actinobola 

1’ 1’ One One finger-like dark dark ray ray extending into into cell cell dm dm but but not not reaching vein vein 

CuA1 CuA1 

1 Two Two dark dark rays rays extending into into cell cell dm, dm, the the proximal ray ray crossing vein vein 

CuA1 CuA1 

Trupanea actinobola (Loew) (Loew) 


doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 216


Trupanea actinobola (Loew) 

Discussion: Found Found across across much much of of 

North North America, Trupanea actinobola can can be be 

distinguished from from the the other other Ontario Ontario 

Trupanea species by by the the presence of of only only 

one one dark dark ray ray extending into into cell cell dm. dm. 

Host: Host: Recorded hosts hosts include include 31 31 species 

in in 19 19 genera genera of of Asteraceae, including 5 

species of of Erigeron, 4 species of of 

Gutierrezia, and and 4 species of of Solidago 

(Wasbauer 1972, 1972, Goeden et et al. al. 1998). 1998). The The 

larvae larvae feed feed in in the the flowerheads. 

Flight Period: Mid-June to to early early August August 


(GenBank EU484559, EU484558) 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 217



Discussion: This This is is the the first first Ontario Ontario 

record record of of Trupanea dacetoptera, although it it 

has has been been frequently collected in in Michigan 

and and New New York.Trupanea dacetoptera can can 

be be distinguished from from similar similar species by by 

having having two two dark dark rays rays extending through cell cell 

dm. dm. 

Host: Host: Gnaphalium obtusifolium L. L. and and 

Pityopsis graminifolia (Michx.) Nutt. Nutt. (= (= 

Heterotheca microcephala) are are the the only only 

known known hosts hosts (Wasbauer 1972). 1972). The The larvae larvae 

feed feed in in the the apical apical part part of of stems. stems. 

Flight Period: June June 


doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 218


Genus Trypeta Meigen 


species of of Trypeta is is a medium-sized 

yellowish to to brown brown fly fly with with no no 

outstanding dark dark body body markings. It It 

can can be be distinguished from from similar similar 

species by by its its dark dark brown brown to to black black 

setae setae and and bristles, including three three 

pairs pairs of of frontal frontal bristles bristles and and two two pairs pairs 

of of orbital orbital bristles bristles (posterior pair pair 

reclinate). There There are are two two pairs pairs of of 

scutellar bristles bristles and and the the 

dorsocentral bristles bristles are are aligned aligned 

closest closest to to the the postsutural supra-alar 

bristles. In In profile, profile, the the face face lacks lacks a 

distinct distinct cavity cavity and and is is usually usually 

receding, sometimes markedly so. so. 

The The first first flagellomere is is rounded 

apically, and and the the ocellar ocellar bristles bristles are are 

frequently small, small, sometimes smaller smaller 

than than the the postocular bristles. Like Like 

Euleia, Euleia, the the body body often often has has quite quite 

small small dark dark spots, spots, especially on on the the 

scutellum, but but the the two two genera genera can can be be 

differentiated based based on on the the position 

of of vein vein r-m; r-m; in in Trypeta it it is is near near the the 

midlength of of cell cell dm, dm, while while in in Euleia Euleia 

it it is is apicad apicad of of the the centre centre and and 

distinctly closer closer to to vein vein dm-cu. dm-cu. 




Continue to Trypeta flaveola page 

Continue to Trypeta flaveola page 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 219


Trypeta flaveola Coquillett 

Discussion: Recorded from from Ontario Ontario first first 

by by Paiero Paiero & Marshall (2001) (2001) and and later later by by 

Han Han & Norrbom (2005), (2005), Trypeta flaveola 

resembles Euleia Euleia fratria, fratria, but but the the characters 

given given in in the the key key and and in in the the generic generic 

diagnosis will will distinguish the the two two genera genera 

easily. easily. 

Host: Host: Han Han and and Norrbom (2005) (2005) list list 

Senecio aureus aureusL. L. as as the the only only known known host host 

in in Eastern North North America. The The larvae larvae are are 

leaf leaf miners. miners. 

Flight Period: Mid-July to to early early August August 


(GenBank EU484561, EU484560) 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 220


Genus Urophora Robineau-Desvoidy 

Recognition : : Generally dark, dark, 

small small to to medium-sized flies, flies, usually usually 

with with a shining shining or or tomentose black black 

thorax thorax and and abdomen. There There are are two two 

pairs pairs of of frontal frontal bristles, one one pair pair of of 

orbital orbital bristles, two two pairs pairs of of scutellar 

bristles, and and the the dorsocentral bristles bristles 

lie lie close close to, to, or or on on a transverse line line 

through, the the postsutural supra-alar 

bristles bristles or or between the the postsutural 

supra-alar bristles bristles and and the the 

acrostichal bristles. Urophora is is 

distinguished from from all all other other Ontario Ontario 

tephritid genera genera by by the the straight straight or or 

outwardly convex convex shape shape of of vein vein 

CuA2, CuA2, which which closes closes cell cell cup cup 

transversely with with no no sign sign of of an an 

extension in in the the lower lower corner. corner. 


Urophora affinis affinis 

Urophora cardui cardui 



Continue to Urophora species key 

Continue to Urophora species key 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 221


Key to the Urophora species of Ontario 


Urophora affinis affinis 


1’ 1’ Wing Wing bands bands strong strong and and connected along along the the leading leading edge edge of of wing; wing; 

wing wing bands bands forming either either an an M or or two two inverted V’s. V’s. 

1 Wing Wing bands bands weak, weak, not not connected along along leading leading edge edge of of wing. wing. 

2 

Urophora affinis affinis affinis affinis (Frauenfeld) 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 222


Key to the Urophora species of Ontario 



2’ 2’ Discal Discal and and subapical bands bands distinctly separated (Fig. (Fig. 402); 402); host host 

Centaurea spp. spp. 

2 Discal Discal and and subapical bands bands fused fused in in cells cells dm dmand and cua1 cua1at at posterior 

wing wing margin, forming an an M pattern; host host Cirsium arvense 

Urophora quadrifasciata quadrifasciata (Meigen) 

Urophora cardui cardui (Linnaeus) 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 223


Urophora affinis affinis (Fraeunfeld) 

Discussion: Although introduced to to 

Hastings County, Ontario Ontario in in 1970 1970 to to control control 

invasive knapweeds, this this species was was not not 

thought thought to to have have become established after after 

the the second second season season (Harris (Harris & Meyers, 

1984). 1984). A recently collected specimen from from 

Midhurst (Simcoe County) shows shows that that this this 

species has has since since spread spread and and has has indeed indeed 

become established, although likely likely in in 

small small numbers. 

Host: Host: Urophora affinis affinis affinis affiniswas was 

introduced to to control control Centaurea diffusa diffusa 

Lam. Lam. and and C. C. cf. cf. maculosa Canada, and and the the 

larvae larvae form form galls galls in in the the seedheads.. 

Flight Period: Early Early July July 


doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 224


Urophora cardui (Linnaeus) 

Discussion: Introduced to to several several 

locations in in North North America from from Europe Europe as as 

a biocontrol agent agent for for Canada thistle thistle 

(Cirsium arvense), the the colony colony introduced 

near near Belwood, Ontario Ontario in in 1975 1975 (Laing, (Laing, 

1977) 1977) has has since since become established and and 

expanded its its range range dramatically within within 

Ontario. It It is is easily easily identified by by its its Mshapedshaped 

wing wing pattern. 

Host: Host: The The only only known known host host for for Urophora 

cardui carduiin in Ontario Ontario is is Cirsium arvense (L.) (L.) 

Scop. Scop. (Foote (Foote et et al., al., 1993). 1993). The The larvae larvae feed feed 

in in large large stem stem galls. galls. 



(GenBank EU484563, EU484562) 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 225


Urophora quadrifasciata quadrifasciata (Meigen) 

Discussion: Introduced as as a biocontrol 

agent agent of of spotted spotted knapweed (Centaurea 

maculosa Lam.) Lam.) and and diffuse diffuse knapweed 

(Centaurea diffusa diffusaLam.) Lam.) (Julien (Julien & Griffiths, 

1998), 1998), Urophora q. q. quadrifasciata was was 

recorded as as occurring in in Ontario Ontario by by Paiero Paiero 

& Marshall (2001) (2001) and and subsequently by by 

Wheeler & Varady-Szabo (2002). (2002). 

Hosts: Urophora q. q. quadrifasciata is is 

known known to to infest infest seedheads of of Centaurea 

diffusa diffusaand and C. C. cf. cf. maculosa in in North North 

America (Foote (Foote et et al., al., 1993; 1993; Wheeler & 

Varady-Szabo, 2002). 2002). There There is is also also 

evidence to to suggest that that Urophora q. q. 

quadrifasciata may may be be able able to to utilize utilize other other 

knapweeds such such as as Centaurea nigra nigraL., L., 

C.montana L., L., C. C. dubia dubiaSuter, Suter, and and C. C. jacea jacea 

L. L. (Wheeler & Varady-Szabo, 2002). 2002). 


September 


(GenBank EU484565, EU484564) 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 226


Genus Xanthaciura Hendel 

Recognition : : Xanthaciura is is one one 

of of the the most most easily easily recognized 

tephritid genera genera in in Ontario. The The frons frons 

is is very very narrow narrow (width (width at at the the vertex vertex 

less less than than the the width width of of an an eye) eye) and and 

there there are are three three pairs pairs of of frontal frontal 

bristles bristles and and two two pairs pairs of of orbital orbital 

bristles bristles of of which which the the anterior pair pair are are 

comparatively long. long. The The first first 

flagellomere is is at at least least two two times times as as 

long long as as wide, wide, its its apex apex attaining the the 

anterior oral oral margin. margin. The The single single pair pair 

of of dorsocentral bristles bristles is is close close to to the the 

transverse suture, suture, there there are are two two 

pairs pairs of of scutellar bristles, the the legs legs are are 

entirely entirely yellow yellow and and unmarked and and 

the the posterior two two or or three three abdominal 

tergites tergites are are entirely entirely brown. brown. The The wing wing 

pattern pattern differs differs from from most most other other 

Ontario Ontario tephritid species other other than than 

Paramyiolia nigricornis, from from which which it it 

is is easily easily separated using using other other 

characters. 




Continue to Xanthaciura tetraspina page 

Continue to Xanthaciura tetraspina page 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 227


Xanthaciura tetraspina (Phillips) 

Discussion: This This distinctive and and easily easily 

recognised species was was first first recorded from from 

southwestern Ontario Ontario by by Paiero Paiero et et al. al. 

(2010). (2010). 

Hosts: Reported host host plants plants include include 

Ageratina petiolaris (Moc. (Moc. ex ex DC.) DC.) R.M. R.M. 

King King & H. H. Rob. Rob. (= (= Eupatorium petiolare), 

Ageratum houstonianum Mill., Mill., Conoclinium 

coelestinum (L.) (L.) DC., DC., and andEupatoriadelphus Eupatoriadelphus 

maculatus (L.) (L.) R. R. M. M. King King & H. H. Rob. Rob. 

(Wasbauer 1972). 1972). The The larvae larvae feed feed in in the the 

flowerheads. 

Flight Period: Late Late May May to to late late June June 



doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 228


Genus Xanthomyia Phillips 

Recognition : : Small Small flies flies with with 

reticulate wing wing patterns, a short short but but 

pointed pointed first first flagellomere, two two pairs pairs 

of of frontal frontal bristles, two two pairs pairs of of orbital orbital 

bristles bristles with with the the anterior pair pair very very 

strong, strong, a very very wide wide frons, frons, and and a dark dark 

mark mark on on the the parafacial between the the 

face face and and the the anterior margin margin of of the the 

compound eye. eye. Xanthomyia 

resembles Eurosta, Eutreta, and and 

Jamesomyia in in many many morphological 

characters but but can can be be distinguished 

from from Eurosta and and Eutreta Eutretaby by the the 

pattern pattern of of clear clear spots spots in in the the wing, wing, 

and and from from Jamesomyia by by the the 

presence of of only only two two pairs pairs of of frontal frontal 

bristles. 




Continue to Xanthomyia platyptera page 

Continue to Xanthomyia platyptera page 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 229


Xanthomyia platyptera (Loew) 


by by Skevington et et al. al. (2000), (2000), and and 

subsequently by by Paiero Paiero et et al. al. (2010), (2010), 

Xanthomyia platyptera appears to to reach reach its its 

most most northerly range range in in southwestern 

Ontario. 

Host: Host: Host Host plants plants are are unknown for for 

Xanthomyia platyptera (Foote (Foote et et al., al., 1993). 1993). 

Flight Period: Late Late May May to to late late August August 


(GenBank EU484568, EU484567) 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 230


Genus Zonosemata Benjamin 


species of of Zonosemata is is a 

predominantly yellowish fly fly of of 

moderate size size with with cream-coloured 

and and dark dark brown brown to to black black body body 

markings and and wing wing bands. bands. The The 

dorsocentral bristles bristles are are located located 

closer closer to to the the acrostichal bristles bristles than than 

to to the the postsutural supra-alar bristles, 

a trait trait unique unique among among Ontario Ontario 

tephritids. The The frontal frontal bristles bristles are are 

usually usually in in four four pairs, pairs, the the posterior 

orbital orbital bristles bristles are are reclinate, cell cell cup cup 

is is drawn drawn out out into into a prominent apical apical 

point point and and the the first first flagellomere is is 

distinctly pointed. Rhagoletis also also 

have have a pointed pointed first first flagellomere, but but 

lack lack the the medial medial yellow yellow scutal scutal stripe stripe 

found found in in Zonosemata and and are are 

densely microtrichose on on the the scutum. 

Ontario Ontario Rhagoletis species other other 

than than R. R. basiola basiolaand and R. R. meigenii also also 

lack lack the the intercalary wing wing band band 

present present in in Zonosemata. 

1 species can can be be found found in in Ontario: 

Zonosemata electa electa 


Continue to Zonosemata electa page 

Continue to Zonosemata electa page 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 231


Zonosemata electa (Say) 

Discussion: Known Known as as the the Pepper Pepper 

Maggot Maggot or or the the Mouche du du Piment, 

Zonosemata electa electais is an an economically 

important pest pest of of pepper pepper and and eggplant in in 

southern Ontario. 

Host: Host: Reported hosts hosts include include Capsicum 

annum annum L., L., C. C. frutescens L., L., C. C. sp., sp., 

Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. Mill. (rare (rare host), host), 

Physalis longifolia Nutt. Nutt. var. var. subglabrata 

(Mack. (Mack. & Bush) Bush) Cronquist (rare (rare host), host), 

Solanum aculeatissimum Jacq., Jacq., S. S. 

carolinense L., L., S. S. melongena L., L., S. S. 

scabrum Mill. Mill. (= (= S. S. melanocerasum All.), All.), 

and and Solanum sp. sp. (Wasbauer 1972). 1972). Foote Foote 

et et al. al. (1993) (1993) treated treated the the record record of of 

Zonosemata electa electa from from Rosa Rosasp. sp. in in 

Wasbauer as as a misidentification of of 

Rhagoletis basiola. The The larvae larvae feed feed in in the the 

fruit. fruit. 

Flight Period: Early Early July July to to late late August August 


doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 232


Inner Vertical Bristle 

Orbital Bristles 

Ocellar Bristle 

Outer Vertical Bristle 

Posterior Orbital Bristle 

Frontal Bristles 

Genal Bristle 


doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 233


Vertex 

Ocellar 

Triangle 

Frons 

Compound 

Eye 

Pedicel 

Parafacial 

Arista 

First Flagellomere 

Face 

Gena 


doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 234


Posterior 

Orbital 

Bristle 

Ocellar 

Bristle 

Orbital 

Bristle 

Frontal 

Bristles 

Inner 

Vertical 

Bristle 

Outer 

Vertical 

Bristle 

Pedicel 

Postocular 

Bristles 

Arista 

Postgena 

First 

Flagellomere 

Genal 

Setulae 

Genal 

Bristle 


doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 235


Transverse 

Suture 

Scutellum 

Scutum 

Scutellar 

Bristle 

Acrostichal 

Bristle 

Postsutural 

Supra-alar 

Bristle 

Scutellar 

Bristle 

Dorsocentral 

Bristle 

Presutural 

Supra-alar 

Bristle 


doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 236


cup – posterior cubital cell 

dm – discal medial cell 

m – medial cell 

pterostigma – expanded end of subcostal cell 

r1 – anterior radial cell 

r2+3 – second plus third radial cell 

r4+5 – fourth plus fifth radial cell 

allula – axillary lobe 

anal lobe – anal lobe 

bc – basal costal cell 

bm – basal medial cell 

bm-cu – basal medial-cubital crossvein 

br – basal radial cell 

c –costal cell 

cua1 – anterior cubital cell 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 237


h – humeral crossvein 

M – medial vein 

r-m – radial-medial crossvein 

Rs – sectoral branch of radial vein 

R1 – first branch of Radius 

R2+3 – second plus third branches of Radius 

R4+5 – forth plus fifth branches of Radius 

Sc – subcostal vein 

A1 – 1st anal vein 

A1 + CuA2 – 2nd branch of anterior cubital 

vein and 1st anal vein 

bm-cu – basal medial-cubital crossvein 

C –costa 

CuA1 – 1st branch of anterior cubital vein 

CuA2 – 2nd branch of anterior cubital vein 

dm-cu – discal medial-cubital crossvein 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 238


Acknowledgements 

The lead author received one summer’s funding as an undergraduate student from 

the following sources: Canada-Ontario research and Development Program as 

administered by the Agriculture Adaptation Council, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 

the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, and Food and Rural Affairs, as well as funding 

provided by the Canadian Greenhouse Conference, Flowers Canada Ontario, Ontario 

Greenhouse Vegetable Growers and an Ontario Centres of Excellence grant to the third 

author, and an NSERC Discovery grant to the second author. The authors would like to 

thank the Canadian National Collection of Insects, the Lyman Entomological Museum, 

and the Royal Ontario Museum Entomology Collection for specimen loans, Rachel 

Breese, João Lima, and Junbin Zhang for help with the molecular technical work, Dave 

Cheung for help with the key design, photography and web development advice, and the 

University of Guelph Insect Systematics lab members for specimens, advice and key 

testing. 

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doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 242


Glossary 

bulla: a dark, blister-like bubbling of the wing membrane. 

coxa: basal leg segment 

flagellum: the third and largest part of the antenna, divided into a large first flagellomere 

and a hair-like arista (made up of barely distinguishable separate flagellomeres) 

femur: third leg segment (the first of the two long parts of the leg); located between the 

trochanter and the tibia. 

geniculate: elbowed. 

labellum: the terminal part of the proboscis (derived from the lower lip, or labium). 

oviscape: tube-like tip of the female abdomen; used to sheath the ovipositor. 

pleuron: the lateral part of the thorax. 

proboscis: the visible mouthparts projecting below the head. 

reticulate: net-like pattern. 

scutum, scutellum: The visible top of the thorax (the mesonotum) is divided into a main 

part (scutum) and a small, shelf-like hind part (scutellum). 

seta: bristle. 

setae: multiple bristles. 

setulae: small setae. 

subquadrate: almost square in shape. 

tarsus: the distal (last) leg segment, subdivided into 5 tarsomeres. 

tergites: dorsal plates of the abdominal segments. 

tibia: fourth leg segment, located between the femur and the tarsomeres. 

tomentum: dense coat of short hairs. 

trochanter: second leg segment, located between the coxa basally and the femur distally. 

vertex: the dorsal-most region of the head containing the ocellar triangle. 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 243


Appendix I 

BOLD Database (Ratnasingham & Hebert, 2007) identifiers for specimens sequenced for DNA Barcoding. 

GenBank 

Accession No. 

Species Identification Sample ID Museum ID Process ID Specimen Voucher Deposit Location 

Campiglossa albiceps TEPH059 debu00226256 TEPH059-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection EU484468 


Campiglossa albiceps TEPH061 debu01008992 TEPH061-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection 




Campiglossa farinata TEPH119 debu01009032 TEPH119-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection 

Campiglossa genalis TEPH118 debu01009031 TEPH118-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection 

Campiglossa sabroskyi TEPH117 debu01009030 TEPH117-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection EU484469 

Dioxyna picciola TEPH022 debu01110638 TEPH022-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection 



Dioxyna picciola TEPH093 debu00219509 TEPH093-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection EU484474 







Euaresta aequalis TEPH008 debu00198267 TEPH008-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection EU484478 



Euaresta aequalis TEPH096 debu01009012 TEPH096-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection 

Euaresta aequalis TEPH097 debu01009013 TEPH097-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection 


Euaresta bella TEPH001 debu01008961 TEPH001-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection EU484487 




Euaresta bella TEPH005 debu01113013 TEPH005-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection 


doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 244


GenBank 

Accession No. 






Euaresta festiva TEPH011 debu01008966 TEPH011-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection 

Euaresta festiva TEPH012 debu01008967 TEPH012-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection EU484489 


Euaresta festiva TEPH098 debu01009014 TEPH098-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection EU484488 


Euleia fratria TEPH101 debu00071205 TEPH101-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection EU484491 

Euleia fratria TEPH102 debu01009017 TEPH102-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection EU484490 

Euphranta canadensis TEPH014 debu01008969 TEPH014-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection EU484493 

Euphranta canadensis TEPH015 debu00084816 TEPH015-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection EU484492 

Euphranta canadensis TEPH099 debu01009015 TEPH099-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection 

Euphranta canadensis TEPH100 debu01009016 TEPH100-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection 

Eurosta comma TEPH025 debu01008972 TEPH025-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection EU484496 

Eurosta comma TEPH026 debu00137244 TEPH026-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection 



Eurosta comma TEPH029 debu01008973 TEPH029-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection 

Eurosta solidaginis TEPH030 debu01008974 TEPH030-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection EU484503 


Eurosta solidaginis TEPH032 debu01008976 TEPH032-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection 








Eutreta frontalis TEPH034 debu01008977 TEPH034-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection 

Eutreta frontalis TEPH109 debu01009024 TEPH109-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection 

Eutreta frontalis TEPH110 debu01009025 TEPH110-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection EU484504 

Eutreta novaeboracensis TEPH035 debu01008978 TEPH035-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection 


doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 245


GenBank 

Accession No. 




Eutreta novaeboracensis TEPH039 debu01108921 TEPH039-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection EU484508 











Icterica circinata TEPH016 debu01124485 TEPH016-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection EU484509 

Icterica seriata TEPH017 debu01008970 TEPH017-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection 

Icterica seriata TEPH018 debu00254779 TEPH018-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection EU484511 

Icterica seriata TEPH019 debu00240980 TEPH019-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection EU484510 

Jamesomyia geminata TEPH020 debu00084817 TEPH020-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection 

Jamesomyia geminata TEPH021 debu01008971 TEPH021-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection 

Neaspilota albidipennis TEPH185 debu00286568 TEPH185-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection EU484515 




Procecidochares atra TEPH078 debu01138272 TEPH078-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection 

Procecidochares atra TEPH079 debu01138266 TEPH079-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection EU484522 



Rhagoletis basiola TEPH121 debu01009033 TEPH121-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection EU484524 

Rhagoletis basiola TEPH133 debu00173517 TEPH133-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection EU484523 

Rhagoletis basiola TEPH134 debu00118861 TEPH134-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection 

Rhagoletis basiola TEPH135 debu01009042 TEPH135-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection 

Rhagoletis cingulata TEPH085 debu01009004 TEPH085-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection 

Rhagoletis cingulata TEPH086 debu01138319 TEPH086-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection EU484528 



doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 246


GenBank 

Accession No. 






Rhagoletis cornivora TEPH080 debu01008999 TEPH080-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection 





Rhagoletis fausta TEPH090 debu01009008 TEPH090-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection 





Rhagoletis juniperina TEPH136 debu00237659 TEPH136-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection EU484532 




Rhagoletis pomonella TEPH126 debu01009037 TEPH126-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection EU484534 

Rhagoletis pomonella TEPH141 debu01009043 TEPH141-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection 






Rhagoletis pomonella TEPH147 debu01009049 TEPH147-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection EU484533 






Rhagoletis striatella TEPH173 debu01009065 TEPH173-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection 

Rhagoletis striatella TEPH174 debu01009066 TEPH174-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection 

Rhagoletis striatella TEPH175 debu01110948 TEPH175-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection EU484535 

Rhagoletis suavis TEPH165 debu00218039 TEPH165-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection EU484536 

doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 247


GenBank 

Accession No. 


Rhagoletis suavis TEPH166 debu01009061 TEPH166-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection 



Rhagoletis tabellaria TEPH139 debu00255089 TEPH139-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection 

Rhagoletis tabellaria TEPH169 debu00182545 TEPH169-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection EU484540 




Rhagoletotrypeta rohweri TEPH180 debu00006142 TEPH180-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection EU484542 

Rhagoletotrypeta rohweri TEPH181 debu01009071 TEPH181-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection EU484541 

Stenopa vulnerata TEPH176 debu01009067 TEPH176-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection 

Stenopa vulnerata TEPH177 debu01009068 TEPH177-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection 

Stenopa vulnerata TEPH178 debu01009069 TEPH178-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection EU484544 

Stenopa vulnerata TEPH179 debu01009070 TEPH179-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection EU484543 

Strauzia longipennis TEPH130 debu01101981 TEPH130-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection EU484548 




Strauzia longipennis TEPH194 debu01009076 TEPH194-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection 



Strauzia perfecta TEPH129 debu01114245 TEPH129-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection EU484549 

Tephritis angustipennis TEPH183 debu01009073 TEPH183-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection 

Tephritis araneosa TEPH065 debu00184132 TEPH065-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection EU484550 

Tephritis araneosa TEPH066 debu01008995 TEPH066-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection 

Tephritis araneosa TEPH067 debu01008996 TEPH067-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection 

Tephritis candidipennis TEPH184 debu01009074 TEPH184-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection 

Tephritis pura TEPH068 debu01008997 TEPH068-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection 

Tephritis pura TEPH069 debu00080118 TEPH069-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection EU484555 







doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 248


GenBank 

Accession No. 



Terellia palposa TEPH052 debu01008987 TEPH052-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection EU484517 

Terellia palposa TEPH053 debu01008988 TEPH053-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection 

Terellia palposa TEPH054 debu01008989 TEPH054-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection EU484516 

Terellia ruficauda TEPH055 debu01008990 TEPH055-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection 

Terellia ruficauda TEPH056 debu00226404 TEPH056-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection EU484519 

Terellia ruficauda TEPH057 debu01140012 TEPH057-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection EU484518 

Terellia ruficauda TEPH058 debu01008991 TEPH058-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection 

Tomoplagia obliqua TEPH073 debu01117438 TEPH073-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection EU484557 

Tomoplagia obliqua TEPH074 debu00173125 TEPH074-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection EU484556 

Trupanea actinobola TEPH075 debu01139627 TEPH075-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection EU484559 

Trupanea actinobola TEPH076 debu01139594 TEPH076-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection EU484558 

Trypeta flaveola TEPH077 debu00070568 TEPH077-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection EU484561 

Trypeta flaveola TEPH164 debu00250251 TEPH164-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection EU484560 

Urophora affinis TEPH202 debu00300911 TEPH202-10 University of Guelph Insect Collection 

Urophora cardui TEPH043 debu00226495 TEPH043-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection EU484563 

Urophora cardui TEPH044 debu00226496 TEPH044-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection EU484562 

Urophora cardui TEPH045 debu01008983 TEPH045-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection 

Urophora cardui TEPH046 debu01008984 TEPH046-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection 

Urophora quadrifasciata TEPH047 debu01008985 TEPH047-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection 


Urophora quadrifasciata TEPH049 debu00225813 TEPH049-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection EU484565 


Urophora quadrifasciata TEPH051 debu00218038 TEPH051-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection EU484564 

Xanthaciura tetraspina TEPH127 debu01009038 TEPH127-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection EU484566 

Xanthomyia platyptera TEPH156 debu01110387 TEPH156-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection EU484568 

Xanthomyia platyptera TEPH157 debu01111432 TEPH157-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection 

Xanthomyia platyptera TEPH158 debu01111355 TEPH158-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection EU484567 

Zonosemata electa TEPH128 debu01009039 TEPH128-07 University of Guelph Insect Collection 



doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 249


doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 250


doi:10.3752/cjai.2011.15 251

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