The Iconography of Nepalese Buddhism

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and appreciated about the importance of these deities then, I believe the author is amply rewarded. I am deeply indebted to Mr. Yagya Ratna Dhakhwa, President of HAN who gave me this opportunity for preparing this monograph. I owe an especial debts of thanks to my student Mr. Raj Tuladhar who prepared almost all of the line drawings of the deities used in this book. I would like to express my thanks to Mr. Pusparaj Shakya, Okubahal for providing photographs of his personal collection and to Mr. Rajesh Shakya, Mr Pradeepa Shakya and Mr. Ashoka Vajracharya who spared no pains in taking the necessary photographs . To my cousin brother Mr. Chandra Bahadur Shakya, I am deeply grateful for his painstaking editing of my manuscript and for providing computer facilities. To my friends Mr. Milan Shakya and Mr. Madan Lal Shrestha I owe a debt of thanks for their artistic skills in layout and design of the cover and other illustrations. Finally, to my sister Miss Samjhana Shakya I have my affection for she typed my entire manuscript into a computer. Lastly, but not the least, to my friend Mr. Harihar Raj Joshi who gave a final touch to my manuscript, I appreciate his cooperation. Min Bahadur Shakya Chakupat, Lalitpur March, 1994 viii
Contents About the Author .......................................................................................... v Foreword ............................................................................................................... v Preface .................................................................................................................. vii List of Illustrations (photos & line drawings) .................. xv I. Introduction A. Buddhism and its Teachings ........................................... 21 A.1 Essence of Sutra Tradition .......................................... 22 A.2 Karma & Its Effect ......................................................... 23 A.3 Tathagatagarbha (Buddha-nature) .......................... 23 A.4 Impermanence .................................................................... 24 A.5 Suffering of Samsara ....................................................... 25 A.6 Bodhicitta ........................................................................... 25 A.7 Essence of Vajrayana Tradition .................................. 26 A.8 Sacred Pledge (skt. AMAYA) .......................................... 27 A.9 Developing & Completion Stage ............................... 27 B. Leading Tenets ........................................................................... 28 B.1 Trikaya Doctrine ............................................................. 28 B.2 Gurus ..................................................................................... 34 B.3 Buddhas ................................................................................ 35 B.4 Bodhisattvas ...................................................................... 36 B.5 Istadevata (Yidam deities) .............................................. 37 B.6 Dakinis .................................................................................. 39 B.7 Dharmapalas (Protectors of Doctrine) ................ 40 B.8 Dikpalas (The Deities of Direction) ........................ 41 C. Conclusion .................................................................................... 41 II. Dharmakaya Representation 2.1. Swayambhu .................................................................................... 44 ix
Page 1 and 2: The Iconography of Nepalese Buddhis
Page 3: e of Nepalese Buddhism by Min Bahad
Page 6 and 7: niques: Lost Wax Process, Chisellin
Page 10 and 11: III. Sambhogakaya Representation 3.
Page 12 and 13: 7.7 Lokanath Lokeshvara ...........
Page 14 and 15: 14.7 Takkiraja or Vajrayaksha .....
Page 16 and 17: Buddha Shakyamuni (Mahabodhi Temple
Page 18 and 19: Sarvanivarana Bodhisattva .........
Page 20 and 21: he conography of epalese uddhism
Page 22 and 23: At various places such as Dhanyakat
Page 24 and 25: the mind. By virtue of possessing B
Page 26 and 27: “e formation of an enlightened at
Page 28 and 29: the integral part of the path for a
Page 30 and 31: not realize Dharmakaya in their lif
Page 32 and 33: 3. He is endowed with mastery of mi
Page 34 and 35: Another form of Nirmanakaya is a Tu
Page 36 and 37: ese five Buddhas are not the subdiv
Page 38 and 39: with these practices since these de
Page 40 and 41: ese Dakinis generally travel throug
Page 42 and 43: images and were sent to Tibet, Chin
Page 44 and 45: II. Dharmakaya Representation 2.1.
Page 46 and 47: III. Sambhogakaya Representation 3.
Page 48 and 49: uddha airocana › (bronze) ‹ ajr
Page 50 and 51: joined displaying Bodhyanga mudra.
Page 52 and 53: mirror every visible object reflect
Page 54 and 55: jewel in his left hand kept on his
Page 56 and 57: Amitabha in Sanskrit means immeasur
Page 58 and 59:
ody is bright, like lapislazuli. He
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3.9 Amitayus or Buddha Aparimita Bu
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uddha hakyamuni (ahabodhi emple, at
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mood to honor Buddha Dipamkara. He
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uddha ishvabhu › uddha ‹ ipashv
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ikhi uddha › uddha ‹ rakuchchan
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sattva, who was to become Shakyamun
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During his career Buddha Kanakamuni
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Shakyamuni Buddha was born in Kapil
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V. Gurus 5.1 Guru Nagarjuna Guru Na
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78 uru adma ‹ ambhava (bronze) In
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she also suggested him to consult G
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He was invited to Tibet to eliminat
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uru songhkapa › uru ‹ ilarepa (
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5.8 Guru Sakya Pandit Guru Sakya Pa
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amantabhadra odhisattva
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sitigarbha odhisattva
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6.3 Akashgarbha or Khagarbha Bodhis
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kashagarbha or hagharba odhisattva
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and Odiyana Acarya continued to pay
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offering ceremonies in honour of hi
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Vajrapani is often depicted with Av
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ya aitreya (silver)
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VII. Forms Of Avalokitesvara 7.1 Pa
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7.2 Amoghpash Lokeshvara Amoghpash
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hand holding a rosary signifies tha
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arihariharihari ahan okeshvara ›
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efore him throwing away his Sudrash
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akta ryavalokiteshvara (ungadeo,
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was the emanation of Arya Avalokite
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7.8 One Thousand-armed Lokeshvara o
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like earrings, and so on. He has el
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VIII. Manjushree & His Forms 8.1 Ar
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8.2 Manjughosha is form of Manjushr
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Manjughosa instantly appeared in th
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Different forms of Manjushree image
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aeons ago. During Shakyamuni’s ti
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hite ara › (bronze) ‹ reen ara
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her Mantra merely a hundred thousan
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existence and destruction. Her Vara
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X. Prajnas Of Five Buddhas (Panca B
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wheel. She is said to be Prajna of
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family and is the nature of hatred.
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ara
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XI. Deities of Anuttara Yoga Tantra
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ornaments, such as the earrings, th
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akrasamvara › ‹ ayagriva (bronz
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deity or Yidam deity. Nepalese Budd
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In his six-armed form, he has three
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She holds a Kartri in her right han
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XIII. Five Protectress Deities: Pan
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against various sorts of unseen dan
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the people of Vaishali the Buddha d
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this incident with tears in his eye
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ahamantranusarini
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that he is the emanation of Bodhisa
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cala › ‹ ighnantaka
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etinue was quite effective. Odiyana
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trident, a sword, a jewel and a lot
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admanantaka › akkiraja ‹ or ajr
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snisa › ‹ iladanda
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hritarastra
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irpaksha › ‹ irudhak
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His body is red in colour. He shows
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XVI. Eight Dikpalas (Eight Deities
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16.2 Yama Yama or Yamaraja is anoth
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16.3 Kuvera Kuvera is one of the mo
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gni eva › ‹ aruna
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certainly attain Buddhahood in futu
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sana eva
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17.1 Mahakala XVII. Guardian Deitie
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e characteristic feature of the Pro
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Bibliography Banerjee, Biswonath ri
Page 204 and 205:
Menon, I. & Farrow, G.W. e evajrata
Page 206 and 207:
laka — Abode of Kuvera, the deity
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amara — Chowris or the fly whisk
Page 210 and 211:
atamattrochcha — Mountain Peak be
Page 212 and 213:
hanikeshara vitaraga — a shrine n
Page 214:
tpala — a blue lotus ttaratantra
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The Iconography of Nepalese Buddhism

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