Neonicotinoid Pesticides and Bees - The Food and Environment ...

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Compound tested species/subspecies Imidacloprid Bombus terrestris Imidacloprid (Confidor 20% SC) Bombus terrestris Study type Test dose Test duration Semi-field (Greenhouse) /exposure route not known /workers [tomato crop] Semi-field (greenhouse) /Oral exposure/adults observed at 24, 48 and 72h DELT Introduced 24h after treatment, observed at 24 and 48 h after this. - - Pollination efficiency 20, 10 and 2ppb (in sugar water) for chronic and foraging assessments Up to 11 weeks (chronic exposure) Endpoints Results Notes (study reference figure Mortality, drone production and foraging behavior introduction (ELT) to treated plants. An interval of 7 days was necessary before releasing Bombus terrestris so that its pollination efficiency would not be reduced All workers affected at 10 and 20ppb after 2 weeks with mortality of 62 and 92% respectively and all survivors apathic. At 20ppb nearly all dead bees found at feeder while at 10ppb all dead bees found in hive. Complete reproductive failure at these doses. No effects on mortality, reproduction or foraging behaviour at 2ppb. Neonicotinoid pesticides and bees Page 93 of 133 Report to Syngenta Ltd 22) Information taken from abstract (paper in Italian) This study reports the development of a new bioassay to assess the impact of sublethal concentrations on the bumblebee foraging behavior under laboratory conditions. (8) Reference Vacante (1997). Mommaerts et al (2010)
Compound tested species/subspecies Imidacloprid Bombus terrestris Imidacloprid (SL 200) Bombus terrestris Imidacloprid Bombus terrestris Study type Test dose Test duration Semi-field (Greenhouse)/fiel d exposure/workers Semi-field (Greenhouse)/fiel d-spray/adult Semi-field (Greenhouses) /field exposure/ adults - Treated 7, 14 and 21d before introduction of bumblebees into cold greenhouse (tomato crop) 0.05 ml/plant (0.75 l/ha) [38, 48, 58 and 68 days after transplanting of tomato plants] 7d exposure before endpoint 38, 44, 52, 59, 66, 73 and 80 days after transplant of plants 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 weeks 1.5 months after setting Endpoints Results Notes (study reference figure Flower visits after 7d. (i) Pollination efficiency (4 parameters). (ii) Flight frequencies. (iii) Laboratory assessments of final hive status (10 parameters) Visits reduced by 88, 50 and 30% respectively compared to controls. In 21d before introduction group, visits returned to normal within 14d (i) No significant effect (ii) No significant effect (iii) No significant effects - - Foraging activity No negative effect on B. terrestris foraging on imidacloprid-treated plants Neonicotinoid pesticides and bees Page 94 of 133 Report to Syngenta Ltd 22) Information from abstract (paper in Italian) In Italian (information taken from Blacquiere et al 2012). Reference Nucifora and Vasquez (1999) Bielza et al (2001) Colombo and Buonocore (1997) Imidacloprid (non-heated greenhouses ‘ragusa cultivated with tomato) Semi-field 15g a.i./ha 6 weeks (i) Pollination (i) Significant (p
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Neonicotinoid Pesticides and Bees R
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Contents 1. Executive Summary .....
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(thiamethoxam, clothianidin, imidac
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why some immune competence effects
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metabolite 6-chloronicotinic acid a
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Nectar collected by foragers from p
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2. Introduction This literature rev
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4. Results 2.1 Mode of Action and M
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and O-demethlase activity which is
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toxicity similar to imidacloprid an
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Table 1: Oral and contact 48 LD50 v
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Table 1. It is particularly true fo
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Incidentally, (Suchail et al., 2001
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Table 5:Summary of toxicity of neon
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Table 8: Showing published acute to
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Insecticide Concentration Range Bee
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2.3 Multiple exposure to pesticides
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Insecticide Clothianidin Imidaclopr
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2.4 Interactions between neonicotin
Page 43 and 44: 2.5 Exposure of bees to pesticides
Page 45 and 46: contaminated pollen and nectar brou
Page 47 and 48: none reported effects at or below t
Page 49 and 50: Figure 4. Comparison of reported ef
Page 51 and 52: Table 11 Overview of laboratory stu
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Page 57 and 58: Compound tested Species (Gaucho) Ap
Page 61 and 62: Compound tested Species ligustica t
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Page 69 and 70: Table 16 Overview of semi-field, do
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Page 85 and 86: Compound tested Species (analytical
Page 87 and 88: Table 20 Overview of studies of the
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Page 99 and 100: Clothianidin (99.75% TG) Bombus imp
Page 101 and 102: Bombus terrestris oral/adults Thiam
Page 103 and 104: 5. References References in bold ar
Page 105 and 106: Bernadou A, Damares F, Couret-Fauve
Page 107 and 108: Colin M, Bonmatin J, Moineau I, Gai
Page 109 and 110: EFSA (2012b) Public consultation on
Page 111 and 112: Gauthier, M. (2010). State of the A
Page 113 and 114: Iwasa, T., N. Motoyama, et al. (200
Page 115 and 116: Liu, M. Y. and J. E. Casida (1993).
Page 117 and 118: Nakajima C, Sakogawa T, Okayama A,
Page 119 and 120: Megachile rotundata (Hymentoptera:
Page 121 and 122: Tomizawa, M. and I. Yamamoto (1993)
Page 123 and 124: Wu JY, Anelli CM, and Sheppard WS,
Page 125 and 126: 14. Apis mellifera.mp. [mp=ab, bc,
Page 127 and 128: SYSTEM:OS - DIALOG OneSearch File 1
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Page 131 and 132: COBOMBUS OR CERATINA OR ZADONTOMERU
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