Neonicotinoid Pesticides and Bees - The Food and Environment ...

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Compound tested Species Imidacloprid Honeybee Imidacloprid (Technical) Apis mellifera L. Study type Test dose Test duration Dosed in field /oral/adults Dosed in field /oral/colony (i) 0, 2, 10, 50, 100. 500 ppm (imidaclprid 240 FS in syrup) (ii) 0.05 and 0.112kg a.i./ha (imidaclprid 240 FS in syrup) (iii) 0.112kg a.i./ha (imidaclprid 240 FS in syrup) 0.1, 1.1, 5.3 or 10.5 µg/kg high fructose corn syrup (HFCS). 2.6kg supplied weekly for 4 wks followed by 9 wks at 20, 40, 200 or 400 Endpoints (v) Hive weight Results Notes (reference to study numbers in figures 20 and 21) (v) No significant effect Neonicotinoid pesticides and bees Page 73 of 133 Report to Syngenta Ltd (i) 2d (ii) 4h (iii) 6h 13wks exposure 23wks observation period (i) Visits to feeders (choice test) (ii) Foraging on dandelions in orchard (iii) Foraging on trees and dandelions in orchard (i) Number of sealed broods during exposure period (ii) Colony survival (colony collapse) (i) Avoidance - visits reduced 7% at lower dose and 85% at higher (ii) Significant reduction in foraging at higher dose at 0.5h and 1h (59 and 60% reduction respectively). Significant increase in foraging at higher dose at 4h (149% increase). (iii) No significant effect. (i) Significantly lower than controls but not concentration related (ii) Hive loss began at 18 weeks post exposure. At 23 weeks post exposure only one treated hive remained alive, only one (34) Reference Mayer and Lunden (1997) (35) Lu et al (2012)
Compound tested Species Imidacloprid Apis mellifera Imidacloprid (98%) Apis mellifera ligustica Imidacloprid (analytical) Apis mellifera Study type Test dose Test duration Endpoints Results Notes (reference to study numbers in figures 20 and 21) Neonicotinoid pesticides and bees Page 74 of 133 Report to Syngenta Ltd Reference µg/kg HFCS control hive (of 4) had died Dosed in field 10 or 20ppb in Colony Development of Significantly greater (36) Pettis et al /oral/colony Megabee® exposed for Nosema over number of Nosema (2012) protein patties 10 weeks. 12d in newly spores per bee in bees Newly emerged bees from imidacloprid exposed emerged from colonies compared to bees imidacloprid controls collected at treated vs. 5 and 8 untreated weeks and fed sucrose containing Nosema spores. colonies. Dosed in semi 24 μg/kg (in Recording (i) Foraging (i) Decrease in foraging (37) Decourtye et field; (flight cage) 50% sucrose visits at activity activity on the food source al (2004b) studies + feeder / solution) scented/uns and activity at the hive oral (feeding + cented sites entrance. foraging) and (LOEC for every 30s contact (PER) olfactory for 5min; (ii) Associative (ii) Significant effects exposures / adults learning bee counter learning found in both semi-field following to measure and laboratory conditions chronic oral colony exposure) activity at the hive entrance in June-July Dosed in semi- 6 µg/kg (in 8 control Foraging activity No significant effects on (38) Colin et al field (Tunnel) / oral 40% sucrose colonies at feeders in attendance at feeder. (2004) exposure / adults solution) during 5 tunnels days at Significant decrease in
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Neonicotinoid Pesticides and Bees R
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Contents 1. Executive Summary .....
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(thiamethoxam, clothianidin, imidac
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why some immune competence effects
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metabolite 6-chloronicotinic acid a
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Nectar collected by foragers from p
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2. Introduction This literature rev
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4. Results 2.1 Mode of Action and M
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and O-demethlase activity which is
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toxicity similar to imidacloprid an
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Table 1: Oral and contact 48 LD50 v
Page 23 and 24: Table 1. It is particularly true fo
Page 25 and 26: Incidentally, (Suchail et al., 2001
Page 27 and 28: Table 5:Summary of toxicity of neon
Page 29 and 30: Table 8: Showing published acute to
Page 31 and 32: Insecticide Concentration Range Bee
Page 37 and 38: 2.3 Multiple exposure to pesticides
Page 39 and 40: Insecticide Clothianidin Imidaclopr
Page 41 and 42: 2.4 Interactions between neonicotin
Page 43 and 44: 2.5 Exposure of bees to pesticides
Page 45 and 46: contaminated pollen and nectar brou
Page 47 and 48: none reported effects at or below t
Page 49 and 50: Figure 4. Comparison of reported ef
Page 51 and 52: Table 11 Overview of laboratory stu
Page 53 and 54: Compound tested Species Imidaclopri
Page 55 and 56: Compound tested Species 5hydroxymid
Page 57 and 58: Compound tested Species (Gaucho) Ap
Page 61 and 62: Compound tested Species ligustica t
Page 63 and 64: Compound tested Species Thiamethoxa
Page 65 and 66: Compound tested Species Fipronil (9
Page 67 and 68: Compound tested Species Fipronil Ap
Page 69 and 70: Table 16 Overview of semi-field, do
Page 73: Compound tested Species Imidaclopri
Page 83 and 84: Compound tested Species Thiamethoxa
Page 85 and 86: Compound tested Species (analytical
Page 87 and 88: Table 20 Overview of studies of the
Page 89 and 90: Compound tested species/subspecies
Page 99 and 100: Clothianidin (99.75% TG) Bombus imp
Page 101 and 102: Bombus terrestris oral/adults Thiam
Page 103 and 104: 5. References References in bold ar
Page 105 and 106: Bernadou A, Damares F, Couret-Fauve
Page 107 and 108: Colin M, Bonmatin J, Moineau I, Gai
Page 109 and 110: EFSA (2012b) Public consultation on
Page 111 and 112: Gauthier, M. (2010). State of the A
Page 113 and 114: Iwasa, T., N. Motoyama, et al. (200
Page 115 and 116: Liu, M. Y. and J. E. Casida (1993).
Page 117 and 118: Nakajima C, Sakogawa T, Okayama A,
Page 119 and 120: Megachile rotundata (Hymentoptera:
Page 121 and 122: Tomizawa, M. and I. Yamamoto (1993)
Page 123 and 124: Wu JY, Anelli CM, and Sheppard WS,
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14. Apis mellifera.mp. [mp=ab, bc,
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SYSTEM:OS - DIALOG OneSearch File 1
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S21 486 S11 AND S19 S22 500316 ROUT
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COBOMBUS OR CERATINA OR ZADONTOMERU
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DEFRA hereby excludes all liability
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