Neonicotinoid Pesticides and Bees - The Food and Environment ...
Neonicotinoid Pesticides and Bees - The Food and Environment ...
Neonicotinoid Pesticides and Bees - The Food and Environment ...
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Compound tested<br />
Species<br />
Imidacloprid<br />
Honeybee<br />
Imidacloprid<br />
(Technical)<br />
Apis mellifera L.<br />
Study type Test dose Test<br />
duration<br />
Dosed in field<br />
/oral/adults<br />
Dosed in field<br />
/oral/colony<br />
(i) 0, 2, 10, 50,<br />
100. 500 ppm<br />
(imidaclprid<br />
240 FS in<br />
syrup)<br />
(ii) 0.05 <strong>and</strong><br />
0.112kg a.i./ha<br />
(imidaclprid<br />
240 FS in<br />
syrup)<br />
(iii) 0.112kg<br />
a.i./ha<br />
(imidaclprid<br />
240 FS in<br />
syrup)<br />
0.1, 1.1, 5.3 or<br />
10.5 µg/kg<br />
high fructose<br />
corn syrup<br />
(HFCS). 2.6kg<br />
supplied<br />
weekly for 4<br />
wks followed<br />
by 9 wks at 20,<br />
40, 200 or 400<br />
Endpoints<br />
(v) Hive weight<br />
Results Notes (reference<br />
to study numbers<br />
in figures 20 <strong>and</strong><br />
21)<br />
(v) No significant effect<br />
<strong>Neonicotinoid</strong> pesticides <strong>and</strong> bees Page 73 of 133<br />
Report to Syngenta Ltd<br />
(i) 2d<br />
(ii) 4h<br />
(iii) 6h<br />
13wks<br />
exposure<br />
23wks<br />
observation<br />
period<br />
(i) Visits to<br />
feeders<br />
(choice test)<br />
(ii) Foraging on<br />
d<strong>and</strong>elions in<br />
orchard<br />
(iii) Foraging on<br />
trees <strong>and</strong><br />
d<strong>and</strong>elions in<br />
orchard<br />
(i) Number of<br />
sealed broods<br />
during exposure<br />
period<br />
(ii) Colony<br />
survival (colony<br />
collapse)<br />
(i) Avoidance - visits<br />
reduced 7% at lower dose<br />
<strong>and</strong> 85% at higher<br />
(ii) Significant reduction in<br />
foraging at higher dose at<br />
0.5h <strong>and</strong> 1h (59 <strong>and</strong> 60%<br />
reduction respectively).<br />
Significant increase in<br />
foraging at higher dose at<br />
4h (149% increase).<br />
(iii) No significant effect.<br />
(i) Significantly lower than<br />
controls but not<br />
concentration related<br />
(ii) Hive loss began at 18<br />
weeks post exposure. At<br />
23 weeks post exposure<br />
only one treated hive<br />
remained alive, only one<br />
(34)<br />
Reference<br />
Mayer <strong>and</strong><br />
Lunden (1997)<br />
(35) Lu et al (2012)
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