Neonicotinoid Pesticides and Bees - The Food and Environment ...

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Compound tested Species Study type Test dose Test duration Honeybees learning between a visual mark and a reward (sugar solution) in a complex maze. Endpoints Results Notes (study reference in figure bees negotiated the maze with no mistakes compared to 61% in the control group. Table 14 Overview of laboratory studies of the effects of sublethal and chronic exposure to fipronil on Apis bees Compound tested Species Fipronil Apis mellifera Fipronil Honeybees Study type Test dose Test duration Lab study / contact exposure / adults Lab study / exposure through injection on thorax / adults 0.5ng/bee (c. 1/10 LD50) 0.1 or 0.5ng/bee at +20 and +60min Neonicotinoid pesticides and bees Page 63 of 133 Report to Syngenta Ltd 21) Reference Devillers (2010) Endpoints Results Notes Reference 3-24h Learning (PER) Decreased acquisition success. 1h, 24h, 48h Olfactory learning (PER) Subsequent memory performances lowered. No effect on distribution of responses to the tactile stimuli between sides. Olfactory learning significantly impaired at 0.1ng/bee (1h and 24h only), but not impaired at 0.5ng/bee. Bendahou et al (2009) El Hassani et al. (2009)
Compound tested Species Fipronil (98.5%) Apis mellifera Fipronil Apis mellifera Fipronil Apis mellifera Study type Test dose Test duration Lab study / oral + contact exposures / adults Lab study / oral + contact exposures / adults Lab study / oral + contact exposures / adults 0.1, 0.01 ng/bee/d (oral, contact) 0.1, 0.5, 1ng/bee (+0.01ng/bee oral for PER) Contact: 1 µL Oral: individually dosed in 10 µL 40% (w/v) sucrose Acute:1, 0.5, 0.1 ng/bee Chronic: 0.1, 11d (from emergence) 1 h before and 1 h after treatment Foraging bees (acute toxicity) and emerging Neonicotinoid pesticides and bees Page 64 of 133 Report to Syngenta Ltd Endpoints Results Notes Reference Behavioural functions (i) Locomotor activity (ii) Sucrose sensitivity (iii) Olfactory learning Memory, learning, odour sensitivity Mortality at 0.1ng/bee after 1 week Contact treatment at 0.01ng/bee, caused bees to spend significantly more time immobile in an open-field apparatus and to ingest significantly more water. Oral and contact exposure at 0.01ng/bee did not affect learning performance. (i) Oral or contact: no effect on locomotor activity (ii) Contact: 1 ng/bee significantly decreased sucrose sensitivity 1 h after treatment (iii) Contact exposure at 0.5 ng/bee significantly impaired olfactory learning Contact: acute: 1ng/bee decreases sensitivity to sugar solution (low concentrated) Doses selected to fall between 1/5 and 1/500 of LD50 Aliouane et al (2009). El Hassani et al (2005) Gauthier et al (2009)
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Neonicotinoid Pesticides and Bees R
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Contents 1. Executive Summary .....
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(thiamethoxam, clothianidin, imidac
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why some immune competence effects
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metabolite 6-chloronicotinic acid a
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Nectar collected by foragers from p
Page 13 and 14: 2. Introduction This literature rev
Page 15 and 16: 4. Results 2.1 Mode of Action and M
Page 17 and 18: and O-demethlase activity which is
Page 19 and 20: toxicity similar to imidacloprid an
Page 21 and 22: Table 1: Oral and contact 48 LD50 v
Page 23 and 24: Table 1. It is particularly true fo
Page 25 and 26: Incidentally, (Suchail et al., 2001
Page 27 and 28: Table 5:Summary of toxicity of neon
Page 29 and 30: Table 8: Showing published acute to
Page 31 and 32: Insecticide Concentration Range Bee
Page 37 and 38: 2.3 Multiple exposure to pesticides
Page 39 and 40: Insecticide Clothianidin Imidaclopr
Page 41 and 42: 2.4 Interactions between neonicotin
Page 43 and 44: 2.5 Exposure of bees to pesticides
Page 45 and 46: contaminated pollen and nectar brou
Page 47 and 48: none reported effects at or below t
Page 49 and 50: Figure 4. Comparison of reported ef
Page 51 and 52: Table 11 Overview of laboratory stu
Page 53 and 54: Compound tested Species Imidaclopri
Page 55 and 56: Compound tested Species 5hydroxymid
Page 57 and 58: Compound tested Species (Gaucho) Ap
Page 61 and 62: Compound tested Species ligustica t
Page 63: Compound tested Species Thiamethoxa
Page 67 and 68: Compound tested Species Fipronil Ap
Page 69 and 70: Table 16 Overview of semi-field, do
Page 83 and 84: Compound tested Species Thiamethoxa
Page 85 and 86: Compound tested Species (analytical
Page 87 and 88: Table 20 Overview of studies of the
Page 89 and 90: Compound tested species/subspecies
Page 99 and 100: Clothianidin (99.75% TG) Bombus imp
Page 101 and 102: Bombus terrestris oral/adults Thiam
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Page 105 and 106: Bernadou A, Damares F, Couret-Fauve
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Page 109 and 110: EFSA (2012b) Public consultation on
Page 111 and 112: Gauthier, M. (2010). State of the A
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Liu, M. Y. and J. E. Casida (1993).
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Nakajima C, Sakogawa T, Okayama A,
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Megachile rotundata (Hymentoptera:
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Tomizawa, M. and I. Yamamoto (1993)
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Wu JY, Anelli CM, and Sheppard WS,
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14. Apis mellifera.mp. [mp=ab, bc,
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SYSTEM:OS - DIALOG OneSearch File 1
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S21 486 S11 AND S19 S22 500316 ROUT
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COBOMBUS OR CERATINA OR ZADONTOMERU
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DEFRA hereby excludes all liability
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Neonicotinoid Pesticides and Bees - The Food and Environment ...

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