Neonicotinoid Pesticides and Bees - The Food and Environment ...

Compound tested
Species
Apis mellifera
[tested both with
and without
Nosema ceranae
infection]
Study type Test dose Test duration Endpoints Results / Notes Reference
postemergence
(10d post
infection)
[infected with
Nosema
ceranae -
125,000
spores diluted
in 3 mL of
water - at 5d
post
emergence]
50%
sucrose, 1%
protein, 0.1%
DMSO)
(1/100 LD50)
exposure/observa
tion period
infection (thiacloprid +
Nosema) was 71% while
for the infected only group
(no pesticide) the
mortality was 47%.
Thiacloprid only bees (no
infection) did not differ
from untreated controls.
Table 12 Overview of laboratory studies of the effects of sublethal and chronic exposure to imidacloprid on Apis bees
Compound tested
Species
Imidacloprid
‘Bees’
Imidacloprid
(98%)
Apis mellifera
Study type Test dose Test
duration
‘Chronic feeding
study’
Lab (flight
cage)/oral /
workers
‘Sublethal’ - Sensitivity to
imidacloprid
when also
stressed by
Varroa
destructor,
Nosema apis,
drugs or lack of
48µg/kg
(syrup)
(i) 4d
(treated)
(ii) 4d
(treated)
Endpoints Results Notes (study
reference in figure
pollen supply.
(i) Syrup
consumption
(ii) Foraging
activity
No indications of
significant differences in
sensitivity to imidacloprid
between bees under other
stressors and control
bees
(i) Significant reduction
during treatment phase
(ii) Significant reduction in
during treatment (mean
Neonicotinoid pesticides and bees Page 51 of 133
Report to Syngenta Ltd
20)
Information from
abstract, only
abstract available
(1)
(2011)
Reference
Wehling et al
(2009)
(2) Ramirez-
Romero et al
(2005)