Neonicotinoid Pesticides and Bees - The Food and Environment ...

Figure 3 Comparison of reported effect and no effect levels for imidacloprid in laboratory,
semi-field and field honeybee dosing studies with a) maximum reported concentrations in
nectar following use as a seed treatment (1.9 µg/Kg) or b) with calculated exposure of foragers
based on this value (0.14 ng/bee) (intake rates per day have been divided by the expected 10
foraging trips per day (Rortais et al 2005) to allow comparison with exposure to a single dose
(foragers do not consume pollen). (Study numbers refer to Table 12 and Table 16)
a)
b)
ng imidacloprid/bee
ug imidacloprid/Kg
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100000
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100
10
1
0.1
0.01
0.001
10000
1000
100
10
1
0.1
0.01
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Neonicotinoid pesticides and bees Page 47 of 133
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effect
field nectar max
no effect
effect
field nectar max