Neonicotinoid Pesticides and Bees - The Food and Environment ...
Neonicotinoid Pesticides and Bees - The Food and Environment ...
Neonicotinoid Pesticides and Bees - The Food and Environment ...
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Insecticide<br />
Clothianidin<br />
Imidacloprid<br />
Thiacloprid<br />
Thiamethoxam<br />
Table 10: Oral toxicity of combinations (from Defra project PS2368)<br />
LD 50<br />
(µg/bee)<br />
(range)<br />
0.00739<br />
(0.00607-<br />
0.00903)<br />
0.536<br />
(0.339-<br />
1.184)<br />
22.59<br />
(16.39-<br />
37.42)<br />
0.0112<br />
(0.00915-<br />
0.0135)<br />
LD 50<br />
(µg/bee)<br />
0.00441<br />
1.180<br />
54.65<br />
0.0103<br />
+ Flusilazole (0.358 µg/bee) + Myclobutanil (0.161 µg/bee) + Propiconazole (0.224 µg/bee) + Tebuconazole (0.447 µg/bee)<br />
95% CL<br />
0.00267-<br />
0.00762<br />
0.6094-<br />
5.878<br />
25.88-<br />
852.8<br />
0.00801-<br />
0.0136<br />
synergism<br />
ratio<br />
Synergism ratio = . Insecticide LD50 .<br />
Insecticide + fungicide LD50<br />
LD 50<br />
(µg/bee)<br />
1.68 0.00597<br />
0.45 1.075<br />
0.41 25.67<br />
1.09 0.00742<br />
95% CL<br />
0.00493-<br />
.000732<br />
0.5667-<br />
4.426<br />
synergism<br />
ratio<br />
LD 50<br />
(µg/bee)<br />
1.24 0.00572<br />
0.50 1.501<br />
<strong>Neonicotinoid</strong> pesticides <strong>and</strong> bees Page 38 of 133<br />
Report to Syngenta Ltd<br />
19.01-<br />
40.70<br />
0.00448-<br />
0.01123<br />
0.88 47.01<br />
95%<br />
CL<br />
0.00467-<br />
0.00710<br />
0.6972-<br />
14.44<br />
27.45-<br />
166.1<br />
synergism<br />
ratio<br />
LD 50<br />
(µg/bee)<br />
1.29 0.00389<br />
0.36 0.893<br />
0.48 36.19<br />
1.51 0.00830 - 1.35 0.00852<br />
95% CL<br />
0.00305-<br />
0.00489<br />
0.438-<br />
14.50<br />
20.99-<br />
134.1<br />
0.00688-<br />
0.01037<br />
synergism<br />
ratio<br />
1.90#<br />
0.59<br />
0.62<br />
1.31
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