Neonicotinoid Pesticides and Bees - The Food and Environment ...

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Table 9. Contact toxicity of combinations (from Defra project PS2368) LD50 (µg/bee) (95% + Flusilazole (0.358 µg/bee) + Myclobutanil (0.161 µg/bee) + Propiconazole (0.224 µg/bee) + Tebuconazole (0.447 µg/bee) CL) Insecticide Clothianidin Imidacloprid Thiacloprid Thiamethoxam 0.0350 (0.0155- 0.0607) 0.0671 (0.0438- 0.1018) 122.4 (90.56- 238.9) 0.124 (0.0768- 0.3280) LD 50 (µg/bee) 0.0295 0.0475 439.3 0.0538 95% CL 0.0230- 0.0367 0.0187- 0.0912 157.3- 71052.1 0.0254- 0.1203 synergism ratio Synergism ratio = . Insecticide LD50 . Insecticide + fungicide LD50 LD 50 (µg/bee) 1.19 0.0451 1.41 0.0409 0.28 635.8 2.30 0.0979 95% CL 0.0363- 0.0559 0.0205- 0.0663 184.1- 35100000 0.0804- 0.1223 synergism ratio LD 50 (µg/bee) 0.78 0.0312 1.64 0.0585 0.19 434.9 1.27 0.0638 Neonicotinoid pesticides and bees Page 37 of 133 Report to Syngenta Ltd 95% CL 0.0239- 0.0393 0.0379- 0.0867 156.8- 65908.9 0.0521- 0.0788 synergism ratio LD 50 (µg/bee) 1.12 0.00287 1.15 0.0347 0.28 266.8 1.94 0.0479 95% CL 0.0213- 0.0368 0.0161- 0.0568 128.9- 3738.9 0.0302- 0.0757 synergism ratio 1.22 1.93 0.46 2.59#
Insecticide Clothianidin Imidacloprid Thiacloprid Thiamethoxam Table 10: Oral toxicity of combinations (from Defra project PS2368) LD 50 (µg/bee) (range) 0.00739 (0.00607- 0.00903) 0.536 (0.339- 1.184) 22.59 (16.39- 37.42) 0.0112 (0.00915- 0.0135) LD 50 (µg/bee) 0.00441 1.180 54.65 0.0103 + Flusilazole (0.358 µg/bee) + Myclobutanil (0.161 µg/bee) + Propiconazole (0.224 µg/bee) + Tebuconazole (0.447 µg/bee) 95% CL 0.00267- 0.00762 0.6094- 5.878 25.88- 852.8 0.00801- 0.0136 synergism ratio Synergism ratio = . Insecticide LD50 . Insecticide + fungicide LD50 LD 50 (µg/bee) 1.68 0.00597 0.45 1.075 0.41 25.67 1.09 0.00742 95% CL 0.00493- .000732 0.5667- 4.426 synergism ratio LD 50 (µg/bee) 1.24 0.00572 0.50 1.501 Neonicotinoid pesticides and bees Page 38 of 133 Report to Syngenta Ltd 19.01- 40.70 0.00448- 0.01123 0.88 47.01 95% CL 0.00467- 0.00710 0.6972- 14.44 27.45- 166.1 synergism ratio LD 50 (µg/bee) 1.29 0.00389 0.36 0.893 0.48 36.19 1.51 0.00830 - 1.35 0.00852 95% CL 0.00305- 0.00489 0.438- 14.50 20.99- 134.1 0.00688- 0.01037 synergism ratio 1.90# 0.59 0.62 1.31
Page 1 and 2: Neonicotinoid Pesticides and Bees R
Page 3 and 4: Contents 1. Executive Summary .....
Page 5 and 6: (thiamethoxam, clothianidin, imidac
Page 7 and 8: why some immune competence effects
Page 9 and 10: metabolite 6-chloronicotinic acid a
Page 11 and 12: Nectar collected by foragers from p
Page 13 and 14: 2. Introduction This literature rev
Page 15 and 16: 4. Results 2.1 Mode of Action and M
Page 17 and 18: and O-demethlase activity which is
Page 19 and 20: toxicity similar to imidacloprid an
Page 21 and 22: Table 1: Oral and contact 48 LD50 v
Page 23 and 24: Table 1. It is particularly true fo
Page 25 and 26: Incidentally, (Suchail et al., 2001
Page 27 and 28: Table 5:Summary of toxicity of neon
Page 29 and 30: Table 8: Showing published acute to
Page 31 and 32: Insecticide Concentration Range Bee
Page 37: 2.3 Multiple exposure to pesticides
Page 41 and 42: 2.4 Interactions between neonicotin
Page 43 and 44: 2.5 Exposure of bees to pesticides
Page 45 and 46: contaminated pollen and nectar brou
Page 47 and 48: none reported effects at or below t
Page 49 and 50: Figure 4. Comparison of reported ef
Page 51 and 52: Table 11 Overview of laboratory stu
Page 53 and 54: Compound tested Species Imidaclopri
Page 55 and 56: Compound tested Species 5hydroxymid
Page 57 and 58: Compound tested Species (Gaucho) Ap
Page 61 and 62: Compound tested Species ligustica t
Page 63 and 64: Compound tested Species Thiamethoxa
Page 65 and 66: Compound tested Species Fipronil (9
Page 67 and 68: Compound tested Species Fipronil Ap
Page 69 and 70: Table 16 Overview of semi-field, do
Page 83 and 84: Compound tested Species Thiamethoxa
Page 85 and 86: Compound tested Species (analytical
Page 87 and 88: Table 20 Overview of studies of the
Page 89 and 90:
Compound tested species/subspecies
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Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
Clothianidin (99.75% TG) Bombus imp
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Bombus terrestris oral/adults Thiam
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5. References References in bold ar
Page 105 and 106:
Bernadou A, Damares F, Couret-Fauve
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Colin M, Bonmatin J, Moineau I, Gai
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EFSA (2012b) Public consultation on
Page 111 and 112:
Gauthier, M. (2010). State of the A
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Iwasa, T., N. Motoyama, et al. (200
Page 115 and 116:
Liu, M. Y. and J. E. Casida (1993).
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Nakajima C, Sakogawa T, Okayama A,
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Megachile rotundata (Hymentoptera:
Page 121 and 122:
Tomizawa, M. and I. Yamamoto (1993)
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Wu JY, Anelli CM, and Sheppard WS,
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14. Apis mellifera.mp. [mp=ab, bc,
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SYSTEM:OS - DIALOG OneSearch File 1
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S21 486 S11 AND S19 S22 500316 ROUT
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COBOMBUS OR CERATINA OR ZADONTOMERU
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DEFRA hereby excludes all liability
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