Neonicotinoid Pesticides and Bees - The Food and Environment ...

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This report refers to Thompson H M (2012) Interactions Between Pesticides and Other Factors in Effects on Bees which was produced under contract to EFSA and the full version of which can be found at http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/supporting/pub/340e.htm. It should be noted that the report was not produced by EFSA. EFSA reserves its rights, view and position as regards the issues addressed and conclusions reached in the document, without prejudice to the rights of the authors. Neonicotinoid pesticides and bees Report to Syngenta Ltd
Contents 1. Executive Summary ............................................................................................................. 3 2 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 12 3 Methodology adopted .............................................................................................................. 13 4 Results .................................................................................................................................... 14 4.1 Mode of Action and Metabolism of Neonicotinoid Insecticides .............................. 14 4.1.1 Mode of Action ..................................................................................................... 14 4.1.2 Metabolism .......................................................................................................... 15 4.1.3 Conclusions ......................................................................................................... 17 4.2 Acute Toxicity of neonicotinoids ............................................................................ 18 4.2.1 Honeybees ........................................................................................................... 18 4.2.2 Other bee species ................................................................................................ 23 4.3 Multiple exposure to pesticides (including substances used in bee medication) and potential additive and cumulative effects. ........................................................................ 35 4.3.1 Conclusions ......................................................................................................... 38 4.4 Interactions between neonicotinoids and disease ................................................. 39 4.5 Exposure of bees to pesticides ............................................................................. 41 4.6 Sublethal and chronic effects of neonicotinoids..................................................... 44 4.6.1 Honeybees ........................................................................................................... 44 4.6.2 Bumblebees ......................................................................................................... 44 5. References ....................................................................................................................... 101 Neonicotinoid pesticides and bees Page 2 of 133 Report to Syngenta Ltd
Page 1: Neonicotinoid Pesticides and Bees R
Page 5 and 6: (thiamethoxam, clothianidin, imidac
Page 7 and 8: why some immune competence effects
Page 9 and 10: metabolite 6-chloronicotinic acid a
Page 11 and 12: Nectar collected by foragers from p
Page 13 and 14: 2. Introduction This literature rev
Page 15 and 16: 4. Results 2.1 Mode of Action and M
Page 17 and 18: and O-demethlase activity which is
Page 19 and 20: toxicity similar to imidacloprid an
Page 21 and 22: Table 1: Oral and contact 48 LD50 v
Page 23 and 24: Table 1. It is particularly true fo
Page 25 and 26: Incidentally, (Suchail et al., 2001
Page 27 and 28: Table 5:Summary of toxicity of neon
Page 29 and 30: Table 8: Showing published acute to
Page 31 and 32: Insecticide Concentration Range Bee
Page 37 and 38: 2.3 Multiple exposure to pesticides
Page 39 and 40: Insecticide Clothianidin Imidaclopr
Page 41 and 42: 2.4 Interactions between neonicotin
Page 43 and 44: 2.5 Exposure of bees to pesticides
Page 45 and 46: contaminated pollen and nectar brou
Page 47 and 48: none reported effects at or below t
Page 49 and 50: Figure 4. Comparison of reported ef
Page 51 and 52: Table 11 Overview of laboratory stu
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Compound tested Species Imidaclopri
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Compound tested Species 5hydroxymid
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Compound tested Species (Gaucho) Ap
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Compound tested Species ligustica t
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Compound tested Species Thiamethoxa
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Compound tested Species Fipronil (9
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Compound tested Species Fipronil Ap
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Table 16 Overview of semi-field, do
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Compound tested Species Thiamethoxa
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Compound tested Species (analytical
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Table 20 Overview of studies of the
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Compound tested species/subspecies
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Clothianidin (99.75% TG) Bombus imp
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Bombus terrestris oral/adults Thiam
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5. References References in bold ar
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Bernadou A, Damares F, Couret-Fauve
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Colin M, Bonmatin J, Moineau I, Gai
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EFSA (2012b) Public consultation on
Page 111 and 112:
Gauthier, M. (2010). State of the A
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Iwasa, T., N. Motoyama, et al. (200
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Liu, M. Y. and J. E. Casida (1993).
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Nakajima C, Sakogawa T, Okayama A,
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Megachile rotundata (Hymentoptera:
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Tomizawa, M. and I. Yamamoto (1993)
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Wu JY, Anelli CM, and Sheppard WS,
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14. Apis mellifera.mp. [mp=ab, bc,
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SYSTEM:OS - DIALOG OneSearch File 1
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S21 486 S11 AND S19 S22 500316 ROUT
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COBOMBUS OR CERATINA OR ZADONTOMERU
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DEFRA hereby excludes all liability
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