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Honeybees]. Annales ANPP - 5 eme Conference Internationale sur Les Ravageurs en Agriculture, Montpelier 7-8-9 Decembre 1999. 617-624. Andersen KE, Sheehan TH, Eckholm BJ, Mott BM, and DeGrandi-Hoffman G, 2011. An emerging paradigm of colony health, microbial balance of the honey bee and hive (Apis mellifera.. Insectes Sociaux, 431-444. Anon, 2008. Pesticide build-up could lead to poor honey bee health. American Bee Journal 148, 861-861. Antúnez K, Martín-Hernández R, Prieto L, Meana A, Zunino P, and Higes M, 2009. Immune suppression in the honey bee (Apis mellifera following infection by Nosema ceranae (Microsporidia). Environmental Microbiology 11. Armengaud C, Lambin M and Gauthier M (2002) Effects of imidacloprid on the neural processes of memory in honeybees. In: Honey Bees: Estimating the Environmental Impact of Chemicals (Devillers J and Pham-Delège MH Eds.). Taylor & Francis, London. pp. 85-100. Aronstein KA, and Murray KD, 2010. Chalkbrood disease in honey bees. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 103, S20-29. Aufauvre, J., D. G. Biron, et al. (2012). "Parasite-insecticide interactions: a case study of Nosema ceranae and fipronil synergy on honeybee." Scientific Reports 2. Babendrier D, Kalberger N, Romeis J, Fluri P, and Bigler F, 2004. Pollen consumption in honeyb bee larvae, a step forward in the risk assessment of transgenic plants. Apidologie 35, 293-300. Bacandritsos N, Granato A, Budge G, Papanastasiou I, Roinioti E, Caldon M, Falcaro C, Gallina A, and Mutinelli F, 2010. Sudden deaths and colony population decline in Greek honey bee colonies. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 105, 335-340. Bailey, J., C. Scott-Dupree, et al. (2005). "Contact and oral toxicity to honey bees (Apis mellifera) of agents registered for use for sweet corn insect control in Ontario, Canada." Apidologie 36(4): 623-633. Barbara, G. S., B. Gruenewald, et al. (2008). "Study of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on cultured antennal lobe neurones from adult honeybee brains." Invertebrate Neuroscience 8(1): 19-29. Barbara, G. S., C. Zube, et al. (2005). "Acetylcholine, GABA and glutamate induce ionic currents in cultured antennal lobe neurons of the honeybee, Apis mellifera." Journal of Comparative Physiology A Neuroethology Sensory Neural & Behavioral Physiology 191(9): 823-836. Bekesi L, 2005. Infection and immunity of the honeybee (Apis mellifera.. Literature review. Magyar Allatorvosok Lapja 127, 594-602. Belien T, Kellers J, Heylen K, Billen J, Arckens L, Huybrechts R and Gobin B (2010). Identification and evaluation of sublethal effects of crop protection products on honey bees (Apis mellifera). IOBC/WPRS Bulletin, 55:55-59. Belien T, Kellers J, Heylen K, Keulemans W, Billen J, Arckens L, Huybrechts R and Gobin B (2009). Effects of sublethal doses of crop protection agents on honey bee (Apis mellifera) global colony vitality and its potential link with aberrant foraging activity. Communications in agricultural and applied biological sciences, 74(1):245-253. Benzidane, Y., B. Lapied, et al. (2011). "Neonicotinoid insecticides imidacloprid and clothianidin affect differently neural Kenyon cell death in the cockroach Periplaneta americana." Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 101(3): 191-197. Neonicotinoid pesticides and bees Page 103 of 133 Report to Syngenta Ltd
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Neonicotinoid Pesticides and Bees R
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Contents 1. Executive Summary .....
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(thiamethoxam, clothianidin, imidac
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why some immune competence effects
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metabolite 6-chloronicotinic acid a
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Nectar collected by foragers from p
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2. Introduction This literature rev
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4. Results 2.1 Mode of Action and M
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and O-demethlase activity which is
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toxicity similar to imidacloprid an
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Table 1: Oral and contact 48 LD50 v
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Table 1. It is particularly true fo
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Incidentally, (Suchail et al., 2001
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Table 5:Summary of toxicity of neon
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Table 8: Showing published acute to
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Insecticide Concentration Range Bee
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2.3 Multiple exposure to pesticides
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Insecticide Clothianidin Imidaclopr
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2.4 Interactions between neonicotin
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2.5 Exposure of bees to pesticides
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contaminated pollen and nectar brou
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none reported effects at or below t
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Figure 4. Comparison of reported ef
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Table 11 Overview of laboratory stu
Page 53 and 54: Compound tested Species Imidaclopri
Page 55 and 56: Compound tested Species 5hydroxymid
Page 57 and 58: Compound tested Species (Gaucho) Ap
Page 61 and 62: Compound tested Species ligustica t
Page 63 and 64: Compound tested Species Thiamethoxa
Page 65 and 66: Compound tested Species Fipronil (9
Page 67 and 68: Compound tested Species Fipronil Ap
Page 69 and 70: Table 16 Overview of semi-field, do
Page 83 and 84: Compound tested Species Thiamethoxa
Page 85 and 86: Compound tested Species (analytical
Page 87 and 88: Table 20 Overview of studies of the
Page 89 and 90: Compound tested species/subspecies
Page 99 and 100: Clothianidin (99.75% TG) Bombus imp
Page 101 and 102: Bombus terrestris oral/adults Thiam
Page 103: 5. References References in bold ar
Page 107 and 108: Colin M, Bonmatin J, Moineau I, Gai
Page 109 and 110: EFSA (2012b) Public consultation on
Page 111 and 112: Gauthier, M. (2010). State of the A
Page 113 and 114: Iwasa, T., N. Motoyama, et al. (200
Page 115 and 116: Liu, M. Y. and J. E. Casida (1993).
Page 117 and 118: Nakajima C, Sakogawa T, Okayama A,
Page 119 and 120: Megachile rotundata (Hymentoptera:
Page 121 and 122: Tomizawa, M. and I. Yamamoto (1993)
Page 123 and 124: Wu JY, Anelli CM, and Sheppard WS,
Page 125 and 126: 14. Apis mellifera.mp. [mp=ab, bc,
Page 127 and 128: SYSTEM:OS - DIALOG OneSearch File 1
Page 129 and 130: S21 486 S11 AND S19 S22 500316 ROUT
Page 131 and 132: COBOMBUS OR CERATINA OR ZADONTOMERU
Page 133: DEFRA hereby excludes all liability
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