Patentee Name Harmonisation - ecoom.be

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An inspection of Table 3 reveals that, in several cases, names cannot be assumed to refer to one and the same patentee automatically (e.g. “AG INTERNATIONAL”, “AH INTERNATIONAL” and “AL INTERNATIONAL”, or “APPLIED GENERICS” and “APPLIED GENETICS”). In other words, approximate string searching is very powerful in identifying potential matches but does not result in conclusive findings. The difference with the former example in Table 2 is the presence of proper names. Approximate string searching is conclusive when identifying spelling variations of common words, but far less conclusive in the case of proper names. Without additional validation efforts, the number of mismatches can be considerable. This problem will be more marked, the shorter the length of strings being assessed. This lack of accuracy precludes the adoption of approximate string searching in an automated manner. This issue might be addressed by using address information as discussed in section 6.3 - Introducing address information (in conjunction with name similarity) 13 . 6.2 Automatic acronym generation As mentioned in the introduction, the presence and use of acronyms and abbreviations result in an increase in name variations. To deal with acronyms, an automated method of generating acronyms for company names that consist of different parts might be considered. These generated acronyms can be matched with acronyms already present in the list of patentee names. When a match is found, one could consider harmonizing both names. This, however, requires the generated acronyms to be unambiguously related to an acronym already present. Unfortunately, this is rarely the case as the following experiment illustrates. Acronyms have been generated automatically, beginning with a test set of names consisting of different parts (containing at least one space). The name after its legal form indication had been removed was used as the starting point. All non-letter (A-Z) and non-digit (0-9) characters were replaced with a space (“ “), resulting in a string of words separated by spaces. An acronym was generated taking the first character of every word. These acronyms can be linked back to the cleaned names to see if automatically generated acronyms match acronyms already present in the name list. Table 4 and Table 5 contain all names in the test set for which the automatic created acronym resulted in “IBM” and “ICC” respectively. Table 4: Names with automatically generated acronym "IBM" AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED ACRONYM ORIGINAL NAME IBM IBM BUSINESS MACHINES IBM IINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES IBM INDUSTRIEANLAGEN BETRIEBSGESELLSCHAFT MBH IBM INDUSTRIEANLAGEN-BETRIEBSGESELLSCHAFT MBH IBM INDUSTRIEANLAGEN-BETRIEBTGESELLSCHAFT MBH IBM INERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES IBM INFORMATION BUSINESS MACHINES IBM INTELLECTUAL BUSINESS MACHINES IBM INTENATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES IBM INTERANATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES IBM INTERANTIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES IBM INTERNAIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES IBM INTERNAITONAL BUSINESS MACHINES IBM INTERNAL BUSINESS MACHINE IBM INTERNATIAONAL BUSINESS MACHINES IBM INTERNATIIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES IBM INTERNATINAL BUSINESS MACHINES IBM INTERNATIOAL BUSINESS MACHINES IBM INTERNATIOANAL BUSINESS MACHINES IBM INTERNATIOANL BUSINESS MACHINES IBM INTERNATIOINAL BUSINESS MACHINES 13 For example, according to EPO applicant information, “APPLIED GENERICS” is always situated in Biggar, GB, while “APPLIED GENETICS” is always situated in Freeport, US, suggesting two different companies. 13
IBM INTERNATION BUSINESS MACHINES IBM INTERNATIONAAL BUSINESS MACHINES IBM INTERNATIONAL BOOK MARKETING IBM INTERNATIONAL BUINESS MACHINES IBM INTERNATIONAL BUISNESS MACHINES IBM INTERNATIONAL BUNSINESS MACHINES IBM INTERNATIONAL BUSIENSS MACHINES IBM INTERNATIONAL BUSINBESS MACHINES IBM INTERNATIONAL BUSINEES MACHINES IBM INTERNATIONAL BUSINEMSS MACHINES IBM INTERNATIONAL BUSINES MACHINES IBM INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHIENS IBM INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINCES IBM INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINE IBM INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES IBM INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINESC IBM INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINESS IBM INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHNES IBM INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHNIES IBM INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHNINES IBM INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACINES IBM INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MAHCINES IBM INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MAHINES IBM INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MCAHINES IBM INTERNATIONAL BUSINESSS MACHINES IBM INTERNATIONAL BUSINSESS MACHINES IBM INTERNATIONAL BUSINSS MACHINES IBM INTERNATIONAL BUSISNESS MACHINES IBM INTERNATIONAL BUSNESS MACHINES IBM INTERNATIONAL BUSSINESS MACHINES IBM INTERNATIONAL, BUSINESS MACHINES IBM INTERNATIONL BUSINESS MACHINES IBM INTERNATONAL BUSINESS MACHINES IBM INTERNTIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES IBM INTRNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES IBM ITERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES Table 5: Names with automatically generated acronym "ICC" AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED ACRONYM ORIGINAL NAME ICC I.C. COM ICC I.C. CONSULTANTS ICC IMPERIAL CHEMICAL COMPANY ICC INDIANA CARTON COMPANY ICC INDUSTRIAL CHEMICAL CONSULTANTS ICC INDUSTRIAL CONVEYOR COMPANY ICC INDUSTRIE CHIMICHE CAFFARO ICC INDUSTRIE CHIMICHE CAPPARO ICC INGRAM CACTUS COMPANY ICC INNOVATIVE CLEANING CONCEPTS ICC INNOVATIVE CULINARY CONCEPTS ICC INSPIRED & CREATED CONCEPTS ICC INTEGRATED CONTROL CONCEPTS ICC INTERMOUNTAIN CANOLA COMPANY ICC INTERNATIONAL CHEMICAL CONSULTANT ICC INTERNATIONAL CLAMP COMPANY ICC INTERNATIONAL CONNECTORS & CABLE Whilst the number of relevant matches is considerable in the case of “IBM”, the same does not hold for the “ICC” example. Clearly, even the IBM example contains ‘false’ matches. In other words, both examples demonstrate that automated application of this approach will negatively affect accuracy. In order to avoid this negative impact, additional validation efforts are needed. Hence, while potentially useful, this method's lack of accuracy when applied in an automated way militates against its inclusion in this methodology. 14
Page 1 and 2: Data Production Methods for Harmoni
Page 3 and 4: Table of contents 1 Introduction...
Page 5 and 6: 2 PATENTEE NAME HARMONIZATION AND L
Page 7 and 8: 3.2 DERWENT WPI company name harmon
Page 9 and 10: Figure 1: Overview schema name clea
Page 11 and 12: 4.2.3 Spelling variation harmonizat
Page 13 and 14: 6 DIRECTIONS FOR FURTHER DEVELOPMEN
Page 15: A considerable number of name varia
Page 19 and 20: DIAGNOSTICS MITSUBISHIJUKOGYO MITSU
Page 21 and 22: APPENDIX 1: STEP-BY-STEP METHODOLOG
Page 23 and 24: 1.1.3 Replace propriety coded chara
Page 25 and 26: 220 "Ü" "U" 221 "Ý" "Y" 159 "Ÿ"
Page 27 and 28: Impact From 438,069 unique names to
Page 29 and 30: “%,GMBH.%” “, GMBH.” “%,G
Page 31 and 32: 2 NAME CLEANING 2.1 Legal form indi
Page 33 and 34: INCORPORATED Incorporated AS Akties
Page 35 and 36: Some legal form indications are not
Page 37 and 38: " GMBH & CO. KG " 191 GMBH Replace
Page 39 and 40: "AND COMPANY" 120 "& COMPANY" 10,90
Page 41 and 42: "TECHNOLOGIES" 7,587 "TECHNOLOGY" "
Page 43 and 44: marked in the previous step as a na
Page 45 and 46: 3 HARMONIZATION RESULTS As the fina
Page 47 and 48: 13 37 12 35 11 61 10 82 9 136 8 179
Page 49 and 50: 3.3 Patent distribution amongst pat
Page 51 and 52: product). Appendix 5 contains the t
Page 53 and 54: The absolute differences in the num
Page 55 and 56: 1056 ", IN.C" 4 INCORPORATED Remove
Page 57 and 58: 1199 " MFG., LTD." 23 LIMITED Repla
Page 59 and 60: 1314 " (I.P) LIMITED" 1 LIMITED Rem
Page 61 and 62: 1450 " P.L.C." 60 PLC Remove 1451 "
Page 63 and 64: 1585 " A.S." 240 AS Remove 1586 " A
Page 65 and 66: 1715 CO." " GESELLSCHAFT M.B.H & CO
Page 67 and 68:
1844 " AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT & CO. KG"
Page 69 and 70:
1981 " MBH." 19 GMBH Remove 1982 "
Page 71 and 72:
2053 " KOGYOLKABUSHIKI KAISHA" 1 20
Page 73 and 74:
LAST WORD NBR OF CUM % LAST WORD NB
Page 75 and 76:
FIRST WORD NBR OF CUM % FIRST WORD
Page 77 and 78:
52 NIKON CORPORATION 4,500 615,317
Page 79 and 80:
177 UNISYS CORPORATION 1,653 942,72
Page 81 and 82:
54 HENKEL KOMMANDITGESELLSCHAFT AUF
Page 83 and 84:
177 CASIO COMPUTER COMPANY 1,848 1,
Page 85:
DIMPLEX NORTH AMERICA 1 22 1 22 0 0
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