care international in ethiopia – pastoral drop out study - ELMT Home

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The established focused groups (FGs) were composed of people who were dropouts, very poor (qolle) or poor (degas). These are people who have practiced pastoralism at least ones in their lifetime before they were pushed or dropped out of the system for one or other reasons or become very destitute to practice pastoralism as they used to do so and began to pursue new livelihood strategies. Migrants from the highland who settled in these areas for cultivation were excluded from the group. Two of the FGDs formed using pastoralists from the same area who have hosted or provide support for the stockless and destitute the dropouts. The 6 th FGD which is an extraordinary one was conducted with 4 purposively selected, knowledgeable elders from Didahara (non-dropout area) who can tell about the general characteristics of dropouts, destitute and stockless people who live within the pastoral communities. The focus of the 6 th FGD was to learn more on dropouts and to know more about the survival strategies of people who are stockless or very poor but stay within the community and to know if stockless and very poor people and dropouts are becoming too much of a burden than an opportunity for the well to do pastoralists. Participants for the FGDs were selected systematically from the target areas. Age and gender representation was ensured, except for the 6 th FGD. Migrants from the highland who settled in these areas for cultivation were excluded. The semi-structured questionnaires for the for the FGDs were divided into four parts: The 1 st part of the questions focused on factors and processes that cause pastoralist to dropout or, for people to become Qolle and degas, and the most common livelihood strategies they pursue once ejected from the pastoral system. The transition process and the area these people preferred to go, the social group they join and the way they adapt to it, and the kind of problem they usually face to adapt to a new environment and a new space, new livelihood activity, etc. were examined. The 2 nd part focused on the examination of vulnerability factors that cause susceptibility to the status of being qolle, dega or dropouts and attempts were made to probe the respondents 19
if being qolle, dega or dropout has intergenerational aspect i.e., if a person from a poor family is more likely to be a dropout or become qolle or dega than one who is from a wealthier family; and also if those who drop out and stay out of the pastoral system are more likely to remain poor. The 3 rd part focused on the capability of the traditional safety net and mutual assistance mechanisms to support Qolle, degas and dropouts and how much they are over burdened by the prevailing growing demand for support. The fourth part of questionnaires focused on what needs to be done to help dropouts and those on way to leave the system, and the way out of this cycle of poverty. Layout for the FGD 3 FGDs focused on dropouts, 2 FGDs focused on Stockless, very poor 1 FGD with pastoral Pastoralists that co-exist with pastoralists Elders The drop outs In Dida Hara Moyalle Yabello Household Survey Dire/Dub Yabello DIRE/Dub Yabello The same PAs except Didahara where the FGDs conducted were used to draw sample for the household survey. Settlements in the selected PAs which are within 35 km radius of Yabello, Moyale, and Dubluk were targeted for the household survey. This more specifically included those old settlements and new centres of attraction that have increasingly captured victims driven out of the system in the 70s, 80s, 90s and 00s due to a variety of factors mainly including droughts and conflicts. Similar to the FGDs, migrants from the highland who settled in the target areas for cultivation were excluded from the sampling frame. 20
Page 1 and 2: CARE INTERNATIONAL IN ETHIOPIA PAST
Page 3 and 4: LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Household p
Page 6 and 7: INTRODUCTION Close to 60% of the la
Page 8 and 9: are opportunities to make it more s
Page 10 and 11: Sustainable livelihood approach Ass
Page 12 and 13: earnings, for seasons of peak labor
Page 14 and 15: BRIEF BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY WERED
Page 16 and 17: is also one of those Weredas in the
Page 18 and 19: OBJECTIVES The overall objectives o
Page 22 and 23: The purpose of the household survey
Page 24 and 25: has not yet lost its entire cadence
Page 26 and 27: From our brief discussions with som
Page 28 and 29: - restocking - Resettle them back i
Page 30 and 31: The FGDs participants agreed that Q
Page 32 and 33: ecame qolle and decide to remain wi
Page 34 and 35: ashamed of him and try to disassoci
Page 36 and 37: incident. A wealthy person may lose
Page 38 and 39: food, shelter, clothing, education,
Page 40 and 41: The drop outs had very little skill
Page 42 and 43: Livestock holdings by the sampled h
Page 44 and 45: The decision to move is mainly trig
Page 46 and 47: Several factors emerged as the driv
Page 48 and 49: Table 9. Social and physical capita
Page 50 and 51: diversify their income sources, but
Page 52 and 53: Table 13. Cultivation Has your hous
Page 54 and 55: proportion of dropouts, Qolles, and
Page 56 and 57: developed not just for the future o
Page 58 and 59: demand, and also a type of capacity
Page 60 and 61: a broader and more comprehensive su

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