the role of the lukan parables in terms of the purpose of luke's gospel
the role of the lukan parables in terms of the purpose of luke's gospel the role of the lukan parables in terms of the purpose of luke's gospel
Chapter 9 Conclusion The Lukan parables which occur only in the Gospel of Luke have primarily been examined as individual parables, focusing on its form and structure. But I tried to go further by examining the role of the Lukan parables within the purpose of Luke’s Gospel, in the hope that the Lukan parables would give us clues as to Luke’s overall purpose. For this, my first task was to lay a methodological basis for a study of the parables, after examining the history of research into the Lukan parables. I argued that on the basis of current research it is reasonable to say that the parables must be interpreted within their gospel contexts, that the parables contain allegory and point to referents beyond the story, and that the parables may make more than one point. With these criteria established for a study of the parables, I embarked upon a detailed analysis of the Lukan parables, examining particularly the literary context of the parables and eliciting the major motifs from each parable. Here, my major goal was to examine each parable on its own merits, and not forcing it into a preconceived framework, while taking into consideration the modern interpretative trends of each parable. In addition, the main thrusts drawn from each parable will serve to establish the theological themes of the Lukan parables. After synthesizing the findings from the parables, the theological themes of the Lukan parables were subsumed under four broad categories: the marginalized, wealth and possessions, prayer, and conversion. Furthermore, it is self-evident that the theological themes of the Lukan parables are in congruence with, and bolster the themes that are prominent in Luke-Acts. In order to search for a unifying theme of the Lukan parables, it was also indispensable to examine the travel narrative in the Gospel of Luke, since all the parables which we have analyzed in Luke are located in the travel narrative. For this, I examined and evaluated the current scholarly views about the Lukan travel narrative in four categories: historical approach, redaction critical approach, chiastic structure, and Old Testament models. Insights derived from the current scholarly views of understanding the travel narrative converge on the Christological and Ecclesiological purposes. That is to say, with respect to the Christological purpose, the travel narrative is the way, not only to suffering with an awareness of the necessity of his passion and death, but also to glorification, which is expressed by the motif in 9:51. The imagery of the exodus from Egypt is also used to describe a new exodus to the Promised Land in Jesus’ journey to 309
Jerusalem. Jesus’ goal in Luke is Jerusalem where he fulfills his , his death and exaltation. The journeying Lord brings the gospel of peace, and in so doing, destroys Satan and his arsenal of evil. In addition, from Old Testament models, Luke portrays Jesus’ role and destiny in terms of the entire prophetic tradition, such as Moses, Elijah, David and the Suffering Servant. What is more, for Luke, Jesus’ approach to, and entrance into Jerusalem have obviously royal and Davidic implications. With respect to the Ecclesiological purpose, Luke, through the travel narrative, also demonstrates how Jesus instructed his disciples and confronted his adversaries, so that the results would serve as the Early Church. The Christian life in the travel narrative can also be explained in the motifs of Jesus’ in 9:31, and a way, and , in the Gospel of Luke and Acts. The Lukan travel narrative reminds the reader of the Exodus from Egypt, with its impression of the aimless wandering of Israel and the confrontations between Moses and the congregation which parallels the conflict between Jesus and his followers in the Lukan travel narrative. Therefore, the travel narrative functions as a new Exodus. All teaching during the new Exodus teaches Christians how to serve their God, and how they should live their lives in the world. Likewise, the way, , is a preparation of the disciples for the time of Jesus’ absence after his ascension. In the course of the Journey, the disciples are prepared to be authentic witnesses of Jesus’ words and deeds. At the same time, the way in the Journey becomes understood as a manner of living that brings salvation to men, and furthermore demands a responsible attitude from men who try to build up a new society and realize salvation for each other. In this respect, Jesus is the Guide who has originated this living way through his death and resurrection by his journeying among us. From the theological themes of the Lukan Parables and the results of the examination of the Lukan parables in the travel narrative, I have proposed ‘Perspectives on the Christian life’ as a unifying motif of the Lukan parables. This is because all of the Lukan parables in the travel narrative are intimately related to instruction on the Christian life. Up until now, research into the theme of the Christian life concerning the Lukan parables was made in passing and it contributed little to an understanding of the role played by the Lukan parables in the purpose of the Gospel of Luke as a whole. I have therefore, concretely delineated the ‘Perspective on the Christian Life’ by examining how Christians should live in the world according to Jesus’ instruction, which emerges from the Lukan parables, especially in three categories described in terms of relationships: The relationship with neighbours, the relationship with material possessions, and the relationship with God. In the first place, the 310
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Jerusalem. Jesus’ goal <strong>in</strong> Luke is Jerusalem where he fulfills his , his death and<br />
exaltation. The journey<strong>in</strong>g Lord br<strong>in</strong>gs <strong>the</strong> <strong>gospel</strong> <strong>of</strong> peace, and <strong>in</strong> so do<strong>in</strong>g, destroys Satan<br />
and his arsenal <strong>of</strong> evil. In addition, from Old Testament models, Luke portrays Jesus’ <strong>role</strong> and<br />
dest<strong>in</strong>y <strong>in</strong> <strong>terms</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> entire prophetic tradition, such as Moses, Elijah, David and <strong>the</strong><br />
Suffer<strong>in</strong>g Servant. What is more, for Luke, Jesus’ approach to, and entrance <strong>in</strong>to Jerusalem<br />
have obviously royal and Davidic implications. With respect to <strong>the</strong> Ecclesiological <strong>purpose</strong>,<br />
Luke, through <strong>the</strong> travel narrative, also demonstrates how Jesus <strong>in</strong>structed his disciples and<br />
confronted his adversaries, so that <strong>the</strong> results would serve as <strong>the</strong> Early Church. The Christian<br />
life <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> travel narrative can also be expla<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> motifs <strong>of</strong> Jesus’ <strong>in</strong> 9:31, and a<br />
way, and , <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Gospel <strong>of</strong> Luke and Acts. The Lukan travel narrative rem<strong>in</strong>ds<br />
<strong>the</strong> reader <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Exodus from Egypt, with its impression <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> aimless wander<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> Israel<br />
and <strong>the</strong> confrontations between Moses and <strong>the</strong> congregation which parallels <strong>the</strong> conflict<br />
between Jesus and his followers <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Lukan travel narrative. Therefore, <strong>the</strong> travel narrative<br />
functions as a new Exodus. All teach<strong>in</strong>g dur<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> new Exodus teaches Christians how to<br />
serve <strong>the</strong>ir God, and how <strong>the</strong>y should live <strong>the</strong>ir lives <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> world. Likewise, <strong>the</strong> way, , is<br />
a preparation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> disciples for <strong>the</strong> time <strong>of</strong> Jesus’ absence after his ascension. In <strong>the</strong> course<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Journey, <strong>the</strong> disciples are prepared to be au<strong>the</strong>ntic witnesses <strong>of</strong> Jesus’ words and deeds.<br />
At <strong>the</strong> same time, <strong>the</strong> way <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Journey becomes understood as a manner <strong>of</strong> liv<strong>in</strong>g that<br />
br<strong>in</strong>gs salvation to men, and fur<strong>the</strong>rmore demands a responsible attitude from men who try to<br />
build up a new society and realize salvation for each o<strong>the</strong>r. In this respect, Jesus is <strong>the</strong> Guide<br />
who has orig<strong>in</strong>ated this liv<strong>in</strong>g way through his death and resurrection by his journey<strong>in</strong>g<br />
among us.<br />
From <strong>the</strong> <strong>the</strong>ological <strong>the</strong>mes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Lukan Parables and <strong>the</strong> results <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> exam<strong>in</strong>ation <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> Lukan <strong>parables</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> travel narrative, I have proposed ‘Perspectives on <strong>the</strong> Christian life’<br />
as a unify<strong>in</strong>g motif <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Lukan <strong>parables</strong>. This is because all <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Lukan <strong>parables</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
travel narrative are <strong>in</strong>timately related to <strong>in</strong>struction on <strong>the</strong> Christian life. Up until now,<br />
research <strong>in</strong>to <strong>the</strong> <strong>the</strong>me <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Christian life concern<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> Lukan <strong>parables</strong> was made <strong>in</strong><br />
pass<strong>in</strong>g and it contributed little to an understand<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>role</strong> played by <strong>the</strong> Lukan <strong>parables</strong><br />
<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>purpose</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Gospel <strong>of</strong> Luke as a whole. I have <strong>the</strong>refore, concretely del<strong>in</strong>eated <strong>the</strong><br />
‘Perspective on <strong>the</strong> Christian Life’ by exam<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g how Christians should live <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> world<br />
accord<strong>in</strong>g to Jesus’ <strong>in</strong>struction, which emerges from <strong>the</strong> Lukan <strong>parables</strong>, especially <strong>in</strong> three<br />
categories described <strong>in</strong> <strong>terms</strong> <strong>of</strong> relationships: The relationship with neighbours, <strong>the</strong><br />
relationship with material possessions, and <strong>the</strong> relationship with God. In <strong>the</strong> first place, <strong>the</strong><br />
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