the role of the lukan parables in terms of the purpose of luke's gospel
the role of the lukan parables in terms of the purpose of luke's gospel the role of the lukan parables in terms of the purpose of luke's gospel
mercy. By means of Lukan parables, Luke conveys a strong call for the need to love and forgive all people. According to Jesus’ teaching in Lukan parables, the Christians, thus, should love and forgive our neighbours, including enemies and sinners. This is a right attitude that all the Christians should have towards their neighbours. 2. The Relationship with Material Possessions: The Right Use The relationship of the Christians with material possessions is the right use of wealth. The Rich Fool (12:13-21) not only teaches us about attitudes towards wealth and possessions, but the right use of one’s wealth for others. The parable betrays the planning of the rich and his attitude towards wealth and possessions, by means of the narrative device of soliloquy. That is to say, the rich denotes that one’s life consists in the abundance of his possessions through his plan to tear down his barns and build bigger ones, and his monologue, “Soul, you have ample goods laid up for many years; take your ease, eat, drink, be merry” (v. 19). But the plan of the rich man is shattered by the abrupt intrusion of God in v. 20. God calls him a fool because he believed that he controlled his own destiny. In conclusion, the main instruction of the parable is that one’s life does not consist in the abundance of possessions, but rather in God. In this context, what does it mean to be rich towards God? It is reminiscent of the Jewish heritage where the Torah requires that gleanings from a harvest be left for the poor, the widow, the orphan, and the immigrant (Lev 19:9-10, 23:22, Deut 24:21). As a result, his wealth became an idol which blinded him. It is difficult to discard the wrong attitude towards wealth, like the rich in our modern acquisitive society that tempts us to believe that one’s security and pleasure are found in possessions. The parable of the Unjust Steward (16:1-13) is a crisis parable, and a “how much more” parable. The audience is faced with the radical demands of the kingdom that is begun by Jesus’ preaching and ministry. The concerns between a proper attitude to wealth and eschatological crisis should not be separated, since the eschatological awareness influences how one sees material possessions. Just as the steward acted in the worldly crisis for his safety, how much more in eschatological crisis should Jesus’ followers act for their safety? Prudence means both preparedness for one’s safe future, with right awareness of a crisis and the proper use of wealth in view of the presence of the kingdom and of coming judgment, just as the steward did in his crisis. Despite listening, engaging, debating and complaining about Jesus, the Pharisees, like the rich man in the next parable do not realize that the 237
eschatological crisis has arisen from Jesus’ preaching and ministry. In addition, the correct use of worldly wealth focuses in particular on almsgiving, which is also a main teaching in the next parable that exposes mammon’s powerful force which can enslave people. “You cannot serve both God and Mammon” (v. 13). The closing saying may be a warning against being unfaithful in God’s service and a warning against being enslaved by mammon. Jesus here seems to personify mammon as an evil, powerful, cosmic force diametrically opposed to God’s plan to set at liberty those who are oppressed. The pursuit of wealth and wholehearted allegiance to God are mutually exclusive. V. 13 makes it clear that unfaithfulness in the use of worldly wealth reveals ultimate loyalties and heart attitudes. If the disciples use their worldly wealth faithfully, it is to express that they serve God with wholehearted love. Whereas, if the disciples use their worldly wealth unfaithfully, it is to express that they do not serve God. In conclusion, the disciples’ use of wealth is tied to their future in heaven. Given this, the disciples must manifest their own position in the eschatological perspective without hesitation. On the whole, the parable not only functions as a challenge to evaluate correctly the nature of present time and take necessary action, but also teaches the proper use and attitude towards material possessions. The Rich man and Lazarus (16:19-31) is the converse of the preceding parable that for one’s safe future the steward uses wealth as prudence under right awareness of his crisis. It is addressed to the Pharisee, whose love of money hinders them from their duty under God’s law to give to the poor. According to the description of the parable, the rich man, in contrast to the misery of Lazarus in front of his gate, dresses himself with the most expensive garment to signify either royalty or wealth, as well as throwing a splendid feast every day that is reminiscent of guests participating in a celebration. To put it another way, the rich man has spent excessive resources on his own desires rather than redistributed it to those in need, by almsgiving. In this respect, the parable serves to warn the rich who use wealth only for themselves, while neglecting the needs of the poor. The parable also addresses private charity in its modern form, in that it teaches the correct use of one’s own wealth in responsibility to God and other people. Of course, the parable conveys the theme of repentance that is represented as the proper use of possessions, and concern for the poor as one aspect of it, and also the idea of the sufficiency of the Scripture, thereby demonstrating the fact that Moses and the prophets have permanency and abiding validity (vv. 16-18). Even so, it is self-evident that the proper use of possessions is one of the main themes of the parable. The parable gives the audience a lesson in generous almsgiving and to caring for one’s neighbour in need. 238
- Page 195 and 196: and behaviour required of people to
- Page 197 and 198: gives a promise to do fourfold rest
- Page 199 and 200: the crowd in Jerusalem and Agrippa.
- Page 201 and 202: formation. 28 Secondly, conversion
- Page 203 and 204: eligion. 37 However, Bailey fails t
- Page 205 and 206: comes to a conclusion that conversi
- Page 207 and 208: 1-1. Lk 19:44 2 E.E. Ellis feels th
- Page 209 and 210: Linking 19:38a with the prefiguring
- Page 211 and 212: 1-4. Lk 19:28 16 17 J. Székely agr
- Page 213 and 214: this context. It seems intended so
- Page 215 and 216: 2. The Interpretational Approaches
- Page 217 and 218: main focus seems to be on reconcili
- Page 219 and 220: doing, he notes that Luke in partic
- Page 221 and 222: Luke made use of material available
- Page 223 and 224: which prevail in Hellenistic and bi
- Page 225 and 226: Jesus’ words and deeds have a fun
- Page 227 and 228: e) 11:14-36 e’) 17:11-37 Healing
- Page 229 and 230: arrangement that offer the Journey
- Page 231 and 232: truth.” 40 Rather than simply on
- Page 233 and 234: in the travel narrative Luke’s pu
- Page 235 and 236: number of cycles of the Writings (t
- Page 237 and 238: travel narrative, Luke integrates t
- Page 239 and 240: Promised Land. The Lukan exodus mot
- Page 241 and 242: 3. Christological and Ecclesiologic
- Page 243 and 244: the Journey also requires total aba
- Page 245: ut also teaches that it is our task
- Page 249 and 250: the judge saying, “vindicate me a
- Page 251 and 252: presented as love and forgiveness.
- Page 253 and 254: officials would have had the compet
- Page 255 and 256: Luke’s readers would have been ab
- Page 257 and 258: the church through the activity of
- Page 259 and 260: Gentile believers who are heirs to
- Page 261 and 262: proclaiming its universal message,
- Page 263 and 264: Sterling mentions, to understand Ch
- Page 265 and 266: the new context of the Hellenistic
- Page 267 and 268: was modeled on that of Israel, and
- Page 269 and 270: defend him against the charges and
- Page 271 and 272: Stein, unlike Conzelmann’s conten
- Page 273 and 274: follows, I will explore the purpose
- Page 275 and 276: c) just as they were delivered to u
- Page 277 and 278: of Greek historiography, both in ge
- Page 279 and 280: as a neutral force for various reas
- Page 281 and 282: separate groups, since according to
- Page 283 and 284: desired impact of his works on read
- Page 285 and 286: traditional arrangement of the mate
- Page 287 and 288: doctrinal correctness. 73 In any ev
- Page 289 and 290: accepted because of their response
- Page 291 and 292: Christians by means of this ethos o
- Page 293 and 294: early Christians were divided, howe
- Page 295 and 296: 2-2-2-1. Gentile Christians Many sc
mercy.<br />
By means <strong>of</strong> Lukan <strong>parables</strong>, Luke conveys a strong call for <strong>the</strong> need to love and forgive<br />
all people. Accord<strong>in</strong>g to Jesus’ teach<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> Lukan <strong>parables</strong>, <strong>the</strong> Christians, thus, should love<br />
and forgive our neighbours, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g enemies and s<strong>in</strong>ners. This is a right attitude that all <strong>the</strong><br />
Christians should have towards <strong>the</strong>ir neighbours.<br />
2. The Relationship with Material Possessions: The Right Use<br />
The relationship <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Christians with material possessions is <strong>the</strong> right use <strong>of</strong> wealth. The<br />
Rich Fool (12:13-21) not only teaches us about attitudes towards wealth and possessions, but<br />
<strong>the</strong> right use <strong>of</strong> one’s wealth for o<strong>the</strong>rs. The parable betrays <strong>the</strong> plann<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> rich and his<br />
attitude towards wealth and possessions, by means <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> narrative device <strong>of</strong> soliloquy. That<br />
is to say, <strong>the</strong> rich denotes that one’s life consists <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> abundance <strong>of</strong> his possessions through<br />
his plan to tear down his barns and build bigger ones, and his monologue, “Soul, you have<br />
ample goods laid up for many years; take your ease, eat, dr<strong>in</strong>k, be merry” (v. 19). But <strong>the</strong><br />
plan <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> rich man is shattered by <strong>the</strong> abrupt <strong>in</strong>trusion <strong>of</strong> God <strong>in</strong> v. 20. God calls him a fool<br />
because he believed that he controlled his own dest<strong>in</strong>y. In conclusion, <strong>the</strong> ma<strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>struction <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> parable is that one’s life does not consist <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> abundance <strong>of</strong> possessions, but ra<strong>the</strong>r <strong>in</strong><br />
God. In this context, what does it mean to be rich towards God? It is rem<strong>in</strong>iscent <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Jewish heritage where <strong>the</strong> Torah requires that glean<strong>in</strong>gs from a harvest be left for <strong>the</strong> poor,<br />
<strong>the</strong> widow, <strong>the</strong> orphan, and <strong>the</strong> immigrant (Lev 19:9-10, 23:22, Deut 24:21). As a result, his<br />
wealth became an idol which bl<strong>in</strong>ded him. It is difficult to discard <strong>the</strong> wrong attitude towards<br />
wealth, like <strong>the</strong> rich <strong>in</strong> our modern acquisitive society that tempts us to believe that one’s<br />
security and pleasure are found <strong>in</strong> possessions.<br />
The parable <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Unjust Steward (16:1-13) is a crisis parable, and a “how much more”<br />
parable. The audience is faced with <strong>the</strong> radical demands <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> k<strong>in</strong>gdom that is begun by<br />
Jesus’ preach<strong>in</strong>g and m<strong>in</strong>istry. The concerns between a proper attitude to wealth and<br />
eschatological crisis should not be separated, s<strong>in</strong>ce <strong>the</strong> eschatological awareness <strong>in</strong>fluences<br />
how one sees material possessions. Just as <strong>the</strong> steward acted <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> worldly crisis for his<br />
safety, how much more <strong>in</strong> eschatological crisis should Jesus’ followers act for <strong>the</strong>ir safety?<br />
Prudence means both preparedness for one’s safe future, with right awareness <strong>of</strong> a crisis and<br />
<strong>the</strong> proper use <strong>of</strong> wealth <strong>in</strong> view <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> presence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> k<strong>in</strong>gdom and <strong>of</strong> com<strong>in</strong>g judgment, just<br />
as <strong>the</strong> steward did <strong>in</strong> his crisis. Despite listen<strong>in</strong>g, engag<strong>in</strong>g, debat<strong>in</strong>g and compla<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g about<br />
Jesus, <strong>the</strong> Pharisees, like <strong>the</strong> rich man <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> next parable do not realize that <strong>the</strong><br />
237