the role of the lukan parables in terms of the purpose of luke's gospel
the role of the lukan parables in terms of the purpose of luke's gospel the role of the lukan parables in terms of the purpose of luke's gospel
is, Divine Initiative, Conflict, Sin/Sinners, Repentance, Wealth/Possessions, Forgiveness, Table-Fellowship and Joy, Reversal, Climactic Pronouncement, and Christological Emphasis. For him all these denote the presence of salvation which is made by Jesus. He gives attention in particular to the transformation of social values and the ethical demands. Jesus in the Gospel of Luke challenges predominant social and religious values by embracing in his fellowship sinners and outcasts, particularly through table-fellowship. In other words, the Lukan conversion stories are not simply a challenge or reinterpretation of temporary socio- religious values, but a reversal. Repentance is manifested especially in a changed attitude to possessions, which is all the more serious on account of a matter of allegiances, which as the result of conversion, move inevitably from loyalty to mammon to loyalty to God. 41 Yet I am left with misgivings about the paradigm of conversion in Luke which is asserted by him, because he has simply created too much out of too little evidence. There seems to be theological themes throughout the Gospel of Luke rather than peculiar features of conversion in Luke as paradigm. Joel B. Green begins his study of conversion in Luke-Acts with cognitive science that emphasizes not only somatic existence as the basis and means of human existence, but also 42 unconsciousness and metaphor which embody thought. In doing so, he attempts to dismiss the issues raised by recent discussions of conversion in Luke-Acts as the helpful insights of cognitive science, under four headings: Repentance versus Conversion, A New Conceptual Scheme, Conversion and Socialization, and Community Formed and Forming. 43 To put it another way, he objects to the distinction between repentance for Jews and conversion for Gentiles and elucidates conversion as a new conceptual scheme which leads to a new way of seeing things, an opening of the mind so as to understand what was previously incomprehensible. Furthermore, conversion, he contends, is not only an ongoing process of socialization, but also autobiographical reconstruction which shatters one’s past and reassembles it in keeping with the new life of the converted. Fruits worthy of repentance represent especially in the community of the converted through the community practices, such as economic koinonia, prayer, and witness. For him conversion is believed to be the human experience of embodiment, that is to say, “the convert one who has undergone a redirectional rotation and is on the move in faithful service to the purpose of God.” 44 He 41. Méndez-Moratalla, The Paradigm of Conversion in Luke, 71-214, 217-22. 42. Green, “Conversion in Luke-Acts: The Potential of a Cognitive Approach,” 5. 43. Ibid., 11-20. 44. Ibid., 28. 195
comes to a conclusion that conversion in Luke-Acts is a transformation of conceptual scheme by which life is reordered. For him this is also concerned with the eschatological context of conversion by the role of the Spirit toward conversion. What is more, having studied conversion in Acts, he also comes to the same conclusion that “conversion is the transference of one’s orienting allegiances which gives rise to and is confirmed in community-nested practices appropriate to those new allegiances and which opens the way to ongoing transformation as one comes more fully to embrace and indwell this new life-world.” 45 Conversion is redirecting one’s life in order to serve only one master, and at the same time, this requires loyalty in all things. 46 Conversion by Green is well explicated as a transformation of conceptual scheme by which life is reoriented in the service to the purpose of God. In the light of this, it is difficult to escape the conclusion that the theme of conversion is one of the major theological themes of the Lukan parables, and is, furthermore, in consonance with the theme of conversion in Luke’s theology that runs through Luke-Acts. I have showed here that the theological themes of the Lukan Parables can be subsumed under four broad categories: the marginalized, wealth and possessions, prayer and conversion. I have especially tried to show that these themes are noticeably consistent with those found throughout the Gospel. From the results given above, we now need to group the themes and build a topic which unites all of them. In the chapters that follow, this topic will be dealt with in detail. 45. Green, “Doing Repentance: The Formation of Disciples in the Acts of the Apostles,” 7, 19. 46. Green, The Theology of the Gospel of Luke, 107-108, views the concept of repentance as the redirection of one’s heart and life toward the purpose of God. 196
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is, Div<strong>in</strong>e Initiative, Conflict, S<strong>in</strong>/S<strong>in</strong>ners, Repentance, Wealth/Possessions, Forgiveness,<br />
Table-Fellowship and Joy, Reversal, Climactic Pronouncement, and Christological Emphasis.<br />
For him all <strong>the</strong>se denote <strong>the</strong> presence <strong>of</strong> salvation which is made by Jesus. He gives attention<br />
<strong>in</strong> particular to <strong>the</strong> transformation <strong>of</strong> social values and <strong>the</strong> ethical demands. Jesus <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Gospel <strong>of</strong> Luke challenges predom<strong>in</strong>ant social and religious values by embrac<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> his<br />
fellowship s<strong>in</strong>ners and outcasts, particularly through table-fellowship. In o<strong>the</strong>r words, <strong>the</strong><br />
Lukan conversion stories are not simply a challenge or re<strong>in</strong>terpretation <strong>of</strong> temporary socio-<br />
religious values, but a reversal. Repentance is manifested especially <strong>in</strong> a changed attitude to<br />
possessions, which is all <strong>the</strong> more serious on account <strong>of</strong> a matter <strong>of</strong> allegiances, which as <strong>the</strong><br />
result <strong>of</strong> conversion, move <strong>in</strong>evitably from loyalty to mammon to loyalty to God. 41<br />
Yet I am<br />
left with misgiv<strong>in</strong>gs about <strong>the</strong> paradigm <strong>of</strong> conversion <strong>in</strong> Luke which is asserted by him,<br />
because he has simply created too much out <strong>of</strong> too little evidence. There seems to be<br />
<strong>the</strong>ological <strong>the</strong>mes throughout <strong>the</strong> Gospel <strong>of</strong> Luke ra<strong>the</strong>r than peculiar features <strong>of</strong> conversion<br />
<strong>in</strong> Luke as paradigm.<br />
Joel B. Green beg<strong>in</strong>s his study <strong>of</strong> conversion <strong>in</strong> Luke-Acts with cognitive science that<br />
emphasizes not only somatic existence as <strong>the</strong> basis and means <strong>of</strong> human existence, but also<br />
42<br />
unconsciousness and metaphor which embody thought. In do<strong>in</strong>g so, he attempts to dismiss<br />
<strong>the</strong> issues raised by recent discussions <strong>of</strong> conversion <strong>in</strong> Luke-Acts as <strong>the</strong> helpful <strong>in</strong>sights <strong>of</strong><br />
cognitive science, under four head<strong>in</strong>gs: Repentance versus Conversion, A New Conceptual<br />
Scheme, Conversion and Socialization, and Community Formed and Form<strong>in</strong>g. 43 To put it<br />
ano<strong>the</strong>r way, he objects to <strong>the</strong> dist<strong>in</strong>ction between repentance for Jews and conversion for<br />
Gentiles and elucidates conversion as a new conceptual scheme which leads to a new way <strong>of</strong><br />
see<strong>in</strong>g th<strong>in</strong>gs, an open<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> m<strong>in</strong>d so as to understand what was previously<br />
<strong>in</strong>comprehensible. Fur<strong>the</strong>rmore, conversion, he contends, is not only an ongo<strong>in</strong>g process <strong>of</strong><br />
socialization, but also autobiographical reconstruction which shatters one’s past and<br />
reassembles it <strong>in</strong> keep<strong>in</strong>g with <strong>the</strong> new life <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> converted. Fruits worthy <strong>of</strong> repentance<br />
represent especially <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> community <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> converted through <strong>the</strong> community practices,<br />
such as economic ko<strong>in</strong>onia, prayer, and witness. For him conversion is believed to be <strong>the</strong><br />
human experience <strong>of</strong> embodiment, that is to say, “<strong>the</strong> convert one who has undergone a<br />
redirectional rotation and is on <strong>the</strong> move <strong>in</strong> faithful service to <strong>the</strong> <strong>purpose</strong> <strong>of</strong> God.” 44<br />
He<br />
41. Méndez-Moratalla, The Paradigm <strong>of</strong> Conversion <strong>in</strong> Luke, 71-214, 217-22.<br />
42. Green, “Conversion <strong>in</strong> Luke-Acts: The Potential <strong>of</strong> a Cognitive Approach,” 5.<br />
43. Ibid., 11-20.<br />
44. Ibid., 28.<br />
195