the role of the lukan parables in terms of the purpose of luke's gospel
the role of the lukan parables in terms of the purpose of luke's gospel the role of the lukan parables in terms of the purpose of luke's gospel
Jesus, he categorizes prayer in the early church into four groups in order to analyze it. Subsequently, he argues that prayer in Acts is also a practice with a belief in Jesus, thereby enabling Jesus’ disciples to know the purpose of God and to commit to its service. His conclusion to be drawn here is that “prayer is fundamentally a matter of recognizing to whom one is praying.” 25 It turns out that the underlying idea of prayer in Luke and Acts is a practice with belief of God as the faithful Father. His contention is properly oriented toward the significance of a practice in prayer. The conclusion, therefore, can be briefly stated as follows: The theme of prayer is one of the major theological themes of the Lukan parables, and is in congruence with the theme of prayer of Luke’s theology which runs through Luke-Acts. 25. Ibid., 201. Apart from these arguments, for the relationship between prayer in Luke and biblical hermeneutics, see Craig G. Bartholomew and Robby Holt, “Prayer in/and the Drama of Redemption in Luke,” 350-75, who insist that prayer is mandatory to the interpretation of Scripture, since prayer in Luke is an indispensable way to seize and live within the drama of redemption. On the other hand, Geir Otto Holmas, “‘My house shall be a house of prayer’: Regarding the Temple as a Place of Prayer in Acts within the Context of Luke’s Apologetical Objective,” JSNT 27 (2005), 393-416, holds that the narrative presentation of the temple as place of prayer in Acts is a part of the apologetical strategy so as to define the Christian church against Judaism. Luke portrays, he argues, the temple as place of prayer in both the continuity as the place of worship and prayer with the expectation of salvation and the discontinuity as the focal point for Jerusalem’s rejection of the Messiah. 181
4. Conversion Of the parables that we have examined, eight parables are concerned with conversion, either explicitly or implicitly. Conversion is explicit in the Barren Fig Tree (13:6-9; cf. 13:1-5) where the period of grace is said to be limited. In the parable there are three main points that correspond to each other: The figs that the farmer expects correspond to the fruit as God’s people. The cutting down of the tree without fruit according to the commandment of the farmer corresponds to judgment, and finally a potential additional year by suggestion of the vinedresser, corresponds to mercy. The parable is clearly a warning of imminent judgment and a merciful call for the repentance of Israel offered for a short while. All three parables of the Lost in Luke 15:1-32 plainly convey images of conversion. The shepherd and the woman in Luke 15:4-10 seek out the sheep and the coin that has been lost, appear to represent divine initiative. The great joy of salvation which is delineated in finding the lost as one sinner who repents (15:7, 10) is celebrated. The younger son’s confession and return in Luke 15:11-24 are sincere acts of repentance, even though there is doubt among scholars as to whether the confession of the younger son is authentic. Given the context of forgiveness and salvation in the father’s proclamation in v. 24 and 32, the imagery of the celebration may well convey the messianic banquet. On the whole, the three parables teach that if God rejoices at the return of sinners, how much more should God’s people jump with joy over the return of a sinner? The parable of the Rich man and Lazarus (16:19-31) is not designed to offer details or a precise schedule about what happens after death, but rather to provide instructions concerning the use of wealth, the sufficiency of Moses and the prophets, and repentance. In the second part of the parable with in v. 30, it is to some extent explicit that the theme of repentance here is represented as the proper use of possessions, and concern for the poor, as one aspect of it. 1 We can also view the Great Feast (14:15-24) and the parable of the Unjust Steward (16:1-13) as the parables of conversion which implicitly carry images of conversion, in the sense that they respectively convey the need of human response and for urgent decision in the face of eschatological crisis. The parable of the Unjust Steward plays a role as a positive instance, especially concerning the proper use of unrighteous money in the light of the eschatological perspective. Lastly, in the Pharisee and Tax Collector (18:9-14), it plays a role as models of prayer, repentance, conversion and belief in Jesus, through the contrast between tax collectors and Pharisees. Justification before God is pertinently expressed by a repentant heart of straightforward confession, entrusting himself to the mercy and grace of 1. Stein, Luke, 422. 182
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Jesus, he categorizes prayer <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> early church <strong>in</strong>to four groups <strong>in</strong> order to analyze it.<br />
Subsequently, he argues that prayer <strong>in</strong> Acts is also a practice with a belief <strong>in</strong> Jesus, <strong>the</strong>reby<br />
enabl<strong>in</strong>g Jesus’ disciples to know <strong>the</strong> <strong>purpose</strong> <strong>of</strong> God and to commit to its service. His<br />
conclusion to be drawn here is that “prayer is fundamentally a matter <strong>of</strong> recogniz<strong>in</strong>g to whom<br />
one is pray<strong>in</strong>g.” 25<br />
It turns out that <strong>the</strong> underly<strong>in</strong>g idea <strong>of</strong> prayer <strong>in</strong> Luke and Acts is a<br />
practice with belief <strong>of</strong> God as <strong>the</strong> faithful Fa<strong>the</strong>r. His contention is properly oriented toward<br />
<strong>the</strong> significance <strong>of</strong> a practice <strong>in</strong> prayer.<br />
The conclusion, <strong>the</strong>refore, can be briefly stated as follows: The <strong>the</strong>me <strong>of</strong> prayer is one <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> major <strong>the</strong>ological <strong>the</strong>mes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Lukan <strong>parables</strong>, and is <strong>in</strong> congruence with <strong>the</strong> <strong>the</strong>me <strong>of</strong><br />
prayer <strong>of</strong> Luke’s <strong>the</strong>ology which runs through Luke-Acts.<br />
25. Ibid., 201. Apart from <strong>the</strong>se arguments, for <strong>the</strong> relationship between prayer <strong>in</strong> Luke and biblical<br />
hermeneutics, see Craig G. Bartholomew and Robby Holt, “Prayer <strong>in</strong>/and <strong>the</strong> Drama <strong>of</strong> Redemption <strong>in</strong> Luke,”<br />
350-75, who <strong>in</strong>sist that prayer is mandatory to <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>terpretation <strong>of</strong> Scripture, s<strong>in</strong>ce prayer <strong>in</strong> Luke is an<br />
<strong>in</strong>dispensable way to seize and live with<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> drama <strong>of</strong> redemption. On <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r hand, Geir Otto Holmas, “‘My<br />
house shall be a house <strong>of</strong> prayer’: Regard<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> Temple as a Place <strong>of</strong> Prayer <strong>in</strong> Acts with<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Context <strong>of</strong><br />
Luke’s Apologetical Objective,” JSNT 27 (2005), 393-416, holds that <strong>the</strong> narrative presentation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> temple as<br />
place <strong>of</strong> prayer <strong>in</strong> Acts is a part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> apologetical strategy so as to def<strong>in</strong>e <strong>the</strong> Christian church aga<strong>in</strong>st Judaism.<br />
Luke portrays, he argues, <strong>the</strong> temple as place <strong>of</strong> prayer <strong>in</strong> both <strong>the</strong> cont<strong>in</strong>uity as <strong>the</strong> place <strong>of</strong> worship and prayer<br />
with <strong>the</strong> expectation <strong>of</strong> salvation and <strong>the</strong> discont<strong>in</strong>uity as <strong>the</strong> focal po<strong>in</strong>t for Jerusalem’s rejection <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Messiah.<br />
181