the role of the lukan parables in terms of the purpose of luke's gospel
the role of the lukan parables in terms of the purpose of luke's gospel the role of the lukan parables in terms of the purpose of luke's gospel
Moreover, it is untenable that the steward has the restoration of his master’s honour in view in reducing the debts of the debtors. That is why in his monologue we learn that the steward is reducing the debts for the safety of his future. In a similar vein, if so, why does vv. 8b-13 not understand the parable in the honour-shame background? The emphasis of vv. 8b-13 is on prudence, faithfulness and loyalty, not on the honour-shame motif. 103 It seems to focus presumably on the potential thing more than the explicit references in the parable on the whole. Another thing to explore is the attempt to view the rich man in the parable as God. For Bailey, the God of mercy is linked to the mercy of the master that treated the accusation for his steward’s initial wastefulness with a gracious disposition. The steward depends on the mercy of his master to settle his crisis and is praised by his master for his wisdom in acting to 104 preserve himself in vv. 5-7 with confidence to the master’s generosity and mercy. However, as noted above, it is doubtful whether the dismissal is a gracious disposition because it put him at risk of his life. From a slightly different angle, Loader claims that the master typifies God who advocates Jesus’ authority to forgive sins, 105 whereas Donahue argues that the master represents the response of God who grants time for response as an opportunity, by not punishing instantly. 106 These suggestions are untenable in view of the fact that the master immediately dismissed his steward. 107 The parable is a crisis parable and a “how much more” parable. The audience is faced with the radical demands of the kingdom that is begun by Jesus’ preaching and ministry. The concerns between a proper attitude to wealth and eschatological crisis indeed should not be separated, since the eschatological awareness influences how one sees material possessions. Just as the steward acted in the worldly crisis for his safety, how much more in eschatological crisis should Jesus’ followers act for their safety? Prudence means both preparedness for one’s safe future, with right awareness of a crisis and the proper use of wealth in view of the presence of the kingdom and of coming judgment, just as steward did in his crisis. Despite listening, engaging, debating and complaining about Jesus, the Pharisees as the rich man in the next parable do not realize the eschatological crisis has arisen from Jesus’ preaching and 103. M. Dwaine Greene, “The Parable of the Unjust Steward As Question and Challenge,” ExpTim 112 (2000), 82-87, here 84. 104. Bailey, Poet and Peasant, 105-107. 105. Loader, “Unjust Steward,” 528-32. 106. Donahue, The Gospel in Parable, 168-69. 107. Forbes, The God of Old: The Role of the Lukan Parables in the Purpose of Luke’s Gospel, 177-178; Snodgrass, Stories with Intent, 416; Metzger, Consumption and Wealth in Luke’s Travel Narrative,131. 113
ministry. In addition, the correct use of worldly wealth takes on in particular almsgiving, which is also a main teaching in the parable that follows, which teaches mammon’s powerful force with which it can enslave people, but also has a temporary power in this world. The parable not only functions as a challenge to evaluate correctly the nature of the present time and take necessary action, but also teaches the proper use and attitude toward material possessions. 114
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m<strong>in</strong>istry. In addition, <strong>the</strong> correct use <strong>of</strong> worldly wealth takes on <strong>in</strong> particular almsgiv<strong>in</strong>g,<br />
which is also a ma<strong>in</strong> teach<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> parable that follows, which teaches mammon’s powerful<br />
force with which it can enslave people, but also has a temporary power <strong>in</strong> this world. The<br />
parable not only functions as a challenge to evaluate correctly <strong>the</strong> nature <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> present time<br />
and take necessary action, but also teaches <strong>the</strong> proper use and attitude toward material<br />
possessions.<br />
114
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