A Dissertation by GRACE HUI-CHIN LIN Submitted to the Office of ...

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interview: There were some other sensitive and private topics I would avoid in conversation. For example, if someone wanted to know my economic level, I would not continue this topic with him. Some people might think of borrowing money from you after they had known you were rich. Therefore, I did not like the others starting a topic about how much money I had or how good my grade was. I believed that topics about my salary, saving, and property were the most unwelcome topics. Anything related to money was a sensitive and private topic. It was like a question of age for a female. Tien Long told the researcher that instead of “keeping silent,” he would use some other skills to protect himself from private questions: It was necessary that I used some knacks to avoid the topic when I detected it was sensitive. Besides “keeping silent,” I believed it was quite a good method that I asked the person the sensitive and private questions in the same way. Or, I responded with nonsense instead of responding to him honestly. I might not “keep silent,” but I would lead him to some other topics I felt were better. Tien Long in his second interview talked about his reasons why “keeping silent” should not be used: “Keeping silence” could build up an impolite impression for the others. It 81
Ling Mei Fang seemed that we did not pay any attention to the others or ignore the others. In my learning experience, if my partner used this strategy toward me, I may misunderstand that he despised me while I was talking. After 5 weeks training, Ling Mei expressed that she would not use topic avoidance. After 10 weeks training, she changed her mind a little bit, and conveyed that topic avoidance was a strategy that she had to learn. In both interviews, Ling Mei explained why “keeping silence” would be ineffectual. After 10 weeks training, Ling Mei had different perceptions toward the “topic avoidance” strategy: Topic avoidance was usable even if it was not a perfect strategy. Some topics needed to be avoided in order to make the communication continue. My reasons were: some topics were too arduous to discuss and some topics related to your privacy were ones that you did not wish to continue. Ling Mei pointed out that when using the topic avoidance strategy, politeness became a significant issue. In the class, we could be allowed to use the strategy of topic avoidance to practice English conversation because it helped us keep talking and talking with our limited proficiency. However, we needed to be more polite when changing topics for our international interlocutors, especially in formal situations. In class, it should be okay if we did not say “Excuse me” or “I am sorry” to our classmates. 82
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A CASE STUDY OF SEVEN TAIWANESE ENG
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ABSTRACT A Case Study of Seven Taiw
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DEDICATION This dissertation is ded
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TABLE OF CONTENTS vii Page ABSTRACT
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CHAPTER Page Constant Comparison An
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CHAPTER Page Conclusions………
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LIST OF FIGURES xiii Page Figure 4.
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opportunity to practice communicati
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communication strategies, since hum
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skills associated with the five com
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2. Strategy: “Procedures used in
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presents the findings regarding the
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In 1972, Selinker and Savignon repo
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Faerch and Kasper’s (1983a) class
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variables of proficiency level, gen
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language speakers’ brain. He indi
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Psychological Analysis of Second-La
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second or foreign language, through
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subjects’ communication strategie
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(1995) provided six suggestions how
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explored whether the communication
Page 43 and 44: and adjusting meanings, five of the
Page 45 and 46: new interlanguage word such as an
Page 47 and 48: CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY Qualitative
Page 49 and 50: makers of the curriculum design at
Page 51 and 52: The significance of Tunghai Univers
Page 53 and 54: 1) Participants considered themselv
Page 55 and 56: His mother tongues were Taiwanese (
Page 57 and 58: communication strategies in the ill
Page 59 and 60: Procedures Data Collection 1) Resea
Page 61 and 62: (1985), 90 minutes was the most app
Page 63 and 64: that was described thickly and inte
Page 65 and 66: The constant-comparison coding meth
Page 67 and 68: open-ended questions because they w
Page 69 and 70: According to Denzin and Lincoln (19
Page 71 and 72: Conformability According to Schwand
Page 73 and 74: Trustworthiness According to Lincol
Page 75 and 76: training process, the data were col
Page 77 and 78: at the students’ after-class time
Page 79 and 80: their various personal beliefs and
Page 81 and 82: in this study was comparison analys
Page 83 and 84: certain topic: Topic avoidance was
Page 85 and 86: keep away from the wearisome topics
Page 87 and 88: Cheng Chih showed his disapproving
Page 89 and 90: Jiun Sheng, in his first interview,
Page 91 and 92: About the topic avoidance strategy,
Page 93: a polite child from when he was in
Page 97 and 98: not signal the others about our baf
Page 99 and 100: (すみません= I am sorry.) when
Page 101 and 102: deemed that it was necessary to lea
Page 103 and 104: Abandonment strategy saved my face
Page 105 and 106: I couldn’t detect whether classma
Page 107 and 108: in a fluent and voluble way. Ling M
Page 109 and 110: Tien Long perceived that difficult
Page 111 and 112: teacher requested that she should k
Page 113 and 114: certain people with whom to talk. J
Page 115 and 116: Research Question Three What Do Tai
Page 117 and 118: eplaced words. In the second interv
Page 119 and 120: In the second interview, Tien Long
Page 121 and 122: meaning beyond doubt. I preferred t
Page 123 and 124: The communication would not be stop
Page 125 and 126: eplacement strategy was not easy fo
Page 127 and 128: Jiun Sheng Chang Jiun Sheng thought
Page 129 and 130: frequently. He explained that the l
Page 131 and 132: straightforwardly. If they have bee
Page 133 and 134: I felt “generation” was like lo
Page 135 and 136: imagination. If I would like to say
Page 137 and 138: Cheng Chih believed that “word co
Page 139 and 140: is a carbon lacking an electron. An
Page 141 and 142: would exemplify horse and donkey by
Page 143 and 144: class to demonstrate for the resear
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After five weeks of training, Tien
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failure of expression through using
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In the interview, Ling Mei perceive
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The language created through “wor
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not predict for our interlocutors t
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142 vague. I perceived that at leas
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FIGURE 4.4. Perceptions of the Inte
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asked me what our home assignments
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Cheng Chih conveyed, when doing a c
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this happened very frequently, I pe
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Cooperation upgraded your English p
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other the others when using the “
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In the first interview, Ling Mei me
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FIGURE 4.5. Perceptions of the Coop
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CHAPTER V THEMES This study was des
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way of interacting. Similarly, in L
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proficiency English learners. Sung
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found. Students reflected that the
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deconstructed Chinese characters an
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FIGURE 5.4. Themes Associated with
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the cooperation strategy with the i
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FIGURE 5.6. Major Themes Retrieved
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impressions about each skill in fiv
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finally would be able to attain the
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ackgrounds and gender difference in
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herself. The above examples provide
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of their clearly marked foreigner r
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contributed to reducing students’
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key word in their intended content
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application of communication strate
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through communication strategies an
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study, based on the students’ per
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ehavior impeding his/her own promot
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such as interlanguage patterns in c
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communication (pp. 2-27). Harlow, U
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Strategies in interlanguage communi
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Guba, E. G., & Lincoln, Y. S. (1989
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I, 163-174. McKay, S. L. (2002). Te
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http://www.colostate.edu/Depts/Spee
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September, 3, 2006, from, http://ww
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Reduction Strategies: Topic Avoidan
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IV. Lexical A :Do you think that gi
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Apparent Avoidance, caused by lack
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1.2 Reduction Strategy: Message Aba
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Abandon unknown process of religion
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Do not preserve the topic or concep
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3. L2-based strategies: A: I am goi
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Example of meaning replacement: vag
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II. Paraphrase: Describe, Exemplifi
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III. Word Coinage: Make Up a New Wo
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Achievement Strategies: Cooperation
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4.Learners signal their interlocuto
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Week Two Conversation Questions Wha
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Week Four Conversation Questions Cr
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APPENDIX H Consent Form (In English
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APPENDIX I 同意書 (Consent form
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APPENDIX K 錄影帶授權書 (Vide
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