Use of Communication Strategies by Thai EFL Learners

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Pedagogical implications It is recommended that it is useful to incorporate a formal instruction on CSs along with some awareness-raising activities in school curriculumn. In this way, students could develop their strategic competence through using various kinds of useful communication strategies as some previous researchers (e.g., Dornyei, 1995; Nakatani, 2005; Le, 2006; Kongsom, 2009) have confirmed that CS training in the classroom could literally help students to communicate more effectively, raise students’ awareness of CSs, and enhance students’ confidence in speaking English. Suggestions for further research The future research should investigate the teachability of communication strategies as the results would give more ideas of how communication strategies could be taught in the EFL classrooms and integrated in the EFL syllabus in the future. As the results of the present study showed that task type has an impact on the use of communication strategies, various types of task should be included in the CS training. The results would shed more light on how teachers can design the appropriate tasks, which motivate the elicitation of various communication strategies to help the students overcome the communication difficulties. References Baker, S. C., & MacIntyre, P. D. (2000). The role of gender and immersion in communication and second language orientations. Language Learning, 50 (2), 311-341. Bialystok, E. (1981). The role of conscious strategies in second language learning. The Modern Language Journal, 65 (2), 24-35. Bialystok, E. (1990). Communication Strategies: A Psychological Analysis of Second Language Use. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. Brown, H. (2001). Teaching by principles: An interactive approach to language pedagogy. (2 nd Ed.). San Francisco: Longman. Canale, M., & Swain, M. (1980). Theoretical bases of communicative approaches to second language teaching and testing. Applied Linguistics. 1 (1), 1-47. Canale, M. (1983). From communicative competence to communicative language Pedagogy. In J.C. Richards & R.W. Schmidt (Eds.), Language and communication. Harlow: Longman, 2-27. Clement, R. (1986). Second language proficiency and acculturation: an investigation of the effects of language status and individual characteristics, Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 5, 271-90. Dornyei, Z. (1995). On the teachability of communication strategies. TESOL Quarterly, 29, 55-85. 813
Dornyei, Z., & Scott M., L. (1997). Communication strategies in a second language: Definitions and taxonomies. Language Learning.47, 173-210. Ellis, R. (1984). Communication strategies and the evaluation of communicative performance. ELT Journal. 38 (1), 39-44. Ellis, R. (2003). Communication Task-based Language Learning and Teaching. Oxford:Oxford university Press. Faerch, C., & Kasper, G. (1983). Strategies in interlanguage communication. London: Longman. Faerch, C. & Kasper, G. (1984). Two ways of defining communication strategies. Language Learning, 34(1), 45-63. Huang, C. P.(2010). Exploring Factors Affecting the Use of Oral Communication Strategies. Lunghwa university journal, 12(1), 85-104. Kongsom, T. (2009). The Effects of Teaching Communication Strategies to Thai Learners of English. PhD. Thesis. University of Southampton. Krashen, S. (2003). Explorations in Language Acquisition and Use. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann. Larsen–Freeman, D. (2007). Reflecting on the Cognitive–Social Debate in Second Language Acquisition. The Modern Language Journal, 91(s1), 773-787. Le, T. T.. (2006). Teaching communication strategies to Vietnamese learners of English. Unpublished EdD. Dissertation. Columbia University. Leaver, L.B. & Willis, R.J. (2004). Task-Based Instruction In Foreign Language Education: Practices and Programs. Georgetown University Press: Washington, D.C. Long, M.H. (1990). Task, group, and task-group interactions. In S. Anivan (Ed.), Language teaching methodology for the nineties (pp. 31-50). Singapore: SEAMEO Regional Language Centre. McCroskey, J.C., & McCroskey, L.L. (1986). Correlates of willingness to communicate. Paper presented at the Western Speech Communication Association Convention, Tucson, AZ. Nakatani, Y. (2005). The effects of awareness-raising training on oral communication strategy use. The Modern language Journal, 89 (1), 76-91. Piranian, D. (1979). Communication Strategies of Foreign Language Learners: A Pilot Study. Unpublished Manuscript, Department of Slavic Linguistics, University of Washington. Poulisse, N. (1990). The Use of Compensatory Strategies by Dutch Learners of 814
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Use of Communication Strategies by Thai EFL Learners

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