Smooth Muscle Cells in Atherosclerosis Originate - Arteriosclerosis ...

2702 Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. December 2006
Sources of Funding
This study was funded by the Danish Medical Research Council and
the Danish Heart Foundation.
None.
Disclosures
References
1. Mann J, Davies MJ. Mechanisms of progression in native coronary artery
disease: role of healed plaque disruption. Heart. 1999;82:265–268.
2. Schwartz SM, Virmani R, Rosenfeld ME. The good smooth muscle cells
in atherosclerosis. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2000;2:422–429.
3. Chamley-Campbell J, Campbell GR, Ross R. The smooth muscle cell in
culture. Physiol Rev. 1979;59:1–61.
4. Stemerman MB, Ross R. Experimental arteriosclerosis. I. Fibrous plaque
formation in primates, an electron microscope study. J Exp Med. 1972;
136:769–789.
5. Clowes AW, Reidy MA, Clowes MM. Kinetics of cellular proliferation
after arterial injury. I. Smooth muscle growth in the absence of endothelium.
Lab Invest. 1983;49:327–333.
6. Feil S, Hofmann F, Feil R. SM22alpha modulates vascular smooth muscle
cell phenotype during atherogenesis. Circ Res. 2004;94:863–865.
7. Sata M, Saiura A, Kunisato A, Tojo A, Okada S, Tokuhisa T, Hirai H,
Makuuchi M, Hirata Y, Nagai R. Hematopoietic stem cells differentiate
into vascular cells that participate in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
Nat Med. 2002;8:403–409.
8. Xu Q. The impact of progenitor cells in atherosclerosis. Nat Clin Pract
Cardiovasc Med. 2006;3:94–101.
9. Sata M. Role of circulating vascular progenitors in angiogenesis, vascular
healing, and pulmonary hypertension: lessons from animal models. Arterioscler
Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1008–1014.
10. Jockusch H, Voigt S, Eberhard D. Localization of GFP in frozen sections
from unfixed mouse tissues: immobilization of a highly soluble marker
protein by formaldehyde vapor. J Histochem Cytochem. 2003;51:
401–404.
11. Linton MF, Atkinson JB, Fazio S. Prevention of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein
E-deficient mice by bone marrow transplantation. Science.
1995;267:1034–1037.
12. Hu Y, Davison F, Ludewig B, Erdel M, Mayr M, Url M, Dietrich H, Xu
Q. Smooth muscle cells in transplant atherosclerotic lesions are originated
from recipients, but not bone marrow progenitor cells. Circulation. 2002;
106:1834–1839.
13. Tian C, Bagley J, Kaye J, Iacomini J. Induction of T cell tolerance to a
protein expressed in the cytoplasm through retroviral-mediated gene
transfer. J Gene Med. 2003;5:359–365.
14. der Thusen JH, van Berkel TJ, Biessen EA. Induction of rapid atherogenesis
by perivascular carotid collar placement in apolipoprotein
E-deficient and low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice. Circulation.
2001;103:1164–1170.
15. Hungerford JE, Owens GK, Argraves WS, Little CD. Development of the
aortic vessel wall as defined by vascular smooth muscle and extracellular
matrix markers. Dev Biol. 1996;178:375–392.
Downloaded from
http://atvb.ahajournals.org/ by guest on June 4, 2013
16. Caplice NM, Bunch TJ, Stalboerger PG, Wang S, Simper D, Miller DV,
Russell SJ, Litzow MR, Edwards WD. Smooth muscle cells in human
coronary atherosclerosis can originate from cells administered at marrow
transplantation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003;100:4754–4759.
17. Morrison SJ, Weissman IL. The long-term repopulating subset of hematopoietic
stem cells is deterministic and isolatable by phenotype.
Immunity. 1994;1:661–673.
18. Cheng C, van HR, de WM, van Damme LC, Tempel D, Hanemaaijer L,
van Cappellen GW, Bos J, Slager CJ, Duncker DJ, van der Steen AF, de
CR, Krams R. Shear stress affects the intracellular distribution of eNOS:
direct demonstration by a novel in vivo technique. Blood. 2005;106:
3691–3698.
19. Tanaka K, Sata M, Hirata Y, Nagai R. Diverse contribution of bone
marrow cells to neointimal hyperplasia after mechanical vascular injuries.
Circ Res. 2003;93:783–790.
20. Zernecke A, Schober A, Bot I, von Hundelshausen P, Liehn EA, Mopps
B, Mericskay M, Gierschik P, Biessen EA, Weber C. SDF-1{alpha}/CXCR4
Axis Is Instrumental in Murine Neointimal Hyperplasia and
Recruitment of Smooth Muscle Progenitor Cells. Circ Res. 2005;96:
784–791.
21. Schafer K, Schroeter MR, Dellas C, Puls M, Nitsche M, Weiss E,
Hasenfuss G, Konstantinides SV. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 from
bone marrow-derived cells suppresses neointimal formation after vascular
injury in mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1254–1259.
22. Shimizu K, Sugiyama S, Aikawa M, Fukumoto Y, Rabkin E, Libby P,
Mitchell RN. Host bone-marrow cells are a source of donor intimal
smooth- muscle-like cells in murine aortic transplant arteriopathy. Nat
Med. 2001;7:738–741.
23. Hu Y, Mayr M, Metzler B, Erdel M, Davison F, Xu Q. Both donor and
recipient origins of smooth muscle cells in vein graft atherosclerotic
lesions. Circ Res. 2002;91:e13–e20.
24. Massberg S, Konrad I, Schurzinger K, Lorenz M, Schneider S,
Zohlnhoefer D, Hoppe K, Schiemann M, Kennerknecht E, Sauer S,
Schulz C, Kerstan S, Rudelius M, Seidl S, Sorge F, Langer H, Peluso M,
Goyal P, Vestweber D, Emambokus NR, Busch DH, Frampton J, Gawaz
M. Platelets secrete stromal cell-derived factor 1alpha and recruit bone
marrow-derived progenitor cells to arterial thrombi in vivo. J Exp Med.
2006;203:1221–1233.
25. Hillebrands JL, Klatter FA, Rozing J. Origin of vascular smooth muscle
cells and the role of circulating stem cells in transplant arteriosclerosis.
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2003;23:380–387.
26. Deng DX, Spin JM, Tsalenko A, Vailaya A, Ben-Dor A, Yakhini Z, Tsao
P, Bruhn L, Quertermous T. Molecular signatures determining coronary
artery and saphenous vein smooth muscle cell phenotypes: distinct
responses to stimuli. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:
1058–1065.
27. Hu Y, Zhang Z, Torsney E, Afzal AR, Davison F, Metzler B, Xu Q.
Abundant progenitor cells in the adventitia contribute to atherosclerosis
of vein grafts in ApoE-deficient mice. J Clin Invest. 2004;113:
1258–1265.
28. Owens GK, Kumar MS, Wamhoff BR. Molecular regulation of vascular
smooth muscle cell differentiation in development and disease. Physiol
Rev. 2004;84:767–801.