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Local management is decisive for sustainable use<br />
of natural capital. However, national legislation and<br />
administrative culture sets the framework for local<br />
governance, including the scope for action at different<br />
levels, fiscal federalism and planning procedures.<br />
<strong>TEEB</strong> D2 (forthcoming) illustrates opportunities<br />
for action at the local level.<br />
Building partnerships<br />
More political will, planning and additional resources<br />
are all essential but long-lasting change can only<br />
come by working with and through people. Addressing<br />
and engaging the right actors, means identifying<br />
the very diverse range of stakeholders affected<br />
directly or indirectly by resource use decisions (see<br />
Chapter 2).<br />
This starts with the public and communities – as biodiversity<br />
and ecosystem services are often public<br />
goods. Citizens and NGOs need to be actively<br />
engaged because the most vital issues are at stake<br />
(e.g. food security) and because individual patterns<br />
of behaviour and consumption ultimately determine<br />
the global ecological footprint. This link will be further<br />
explored in <strong>TEEB</strong> D4 for citizens and consumers.<br />
Equally important are businesses, irrespective of<br />
size: for some, their very survival is linked to healthy<br />
ecosystems (think of agriculture and ecotourism).<br />
The <strong>TEEB</strong> D3 report will identify opportunities to<br />
work with and through business to deliver a more<br />
resource efficient economy.<br />
International organisations have a key role to play e.g.<br />
in terms of capacity building and funding. A culture of<br />
assessment, transparency and appreciation of nature’s<br />
value can help to improve governance and the delivery<br />
of policies. Several countries could require practical<br />
support to address the challenges ahead. International<br />
institutions – the Convention of Biological Diversity, The<br />
United Nations Environment Programme, the World<br />
Bank, many donor organisations and NGOs – are<br />
already actively involved in relevant programmes and<br />
training. REDD and similar initiatives will open up new<br />
opportunities for the international community to help<br />
policy development in key areas, especially where ecosystems<br />
provide local as well as global benefits.<br />
RESPONDING TO THE VALUE OF NATURE<br />
10.5.4 BUILDING A MORE RESOURCE<br />
EFFICIENT ECONOMY<br />
Faced with the growing threat from climate change,<br />
governments have started focusing on the need to<br />
move towards a low-carbon economy, an economy<br />
that minimises greenhouse gas emissions. There is<br />
a need and an opportunity to take this concept a<br />
step further towards a truly resource efficient economy.<br />
An economy that sends out signals that reflect<br />
the many values of nature, from the provision of<br />
food, raw materials, access to clean water, all the<br />
way up to recreation, inspiration and a sense of<br />
cultural and spiritual identity; an economy that<br />
makes the best use of the biodiversity, ecosystems<br />
and resources available without compromising their<br />
sustainability; an economy supported by societies<br />
that value their natural capital.<br />
It is hard to think of any other asset where we would<br />
tolerate its loss without asking ourselves what we<br />
risk losing and why. The more that we ask these<br />
questions, the more uncomfortable we become with<br />
the current situation where nature is being lost at an<br />
alarming rate. We realise that we often fail to ask<br />
the big questions about what ecosystem services<br />
and biodiversity provide and their value or worth to<br />
different groups of people, including the poorest,<br />
across the globe and over time.<br />
These questions are not easy to answer. This report<br />
is a contribution to the call by an increasing number<br />
of policy makers for ways to approach this multifaceted<br />
challenge. It shows that the accumulated<br />
policy experience is plentiful and provides a broad<br />
range of solutions. At present these are mainly<br />
carried out in isolation, creating pockets but also<br />
important starting points. The creativity and vision of<br />
international and national policy makers is now in<br />
demand to design coherent policy frameworks that<br />
systematically respond to the value of nature. These<br />
can open up new opportunities to address poverty,<br />
development and growth. At the same time, the act<br />
of making values visible through well-designed<br />
policies will empower consumers and business,<br />
communities and citizens to make much more<br />
informed choices and thus to contribute to this<br />
transition in their daily decisions.<br />
<strong>TEEB</strong> FOR NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL POLICY MAKERS - CHAPTER 10: PAGE 30